2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-142696
    CDK6/PIM1-IN-1
    		Inducer
    CDK6/PIM1-IN-1 is a potent and balanced dual CDK6/PIM1 inhibitor with IC50 values of 39 and 88 nM, respectively. CDK6/PIM1-IN-1 inhibits CDK4 (IC50=3.6 nM). CDK6/PIM1-IN-1 significantly inhibits acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle at the G1 phase, and promote cell apoptosis. CDK6/PIM1-IN-1 exhibits potent anti-AML activity.
    CDK6/PIM1-IN-1
  • HY-137984
    Cnicin
    		Activator 99.88%
    Cnicin is an orally bioavailable sesquiterpene lactone. Cnicin has antibacterial and antiproliferative properties and induces apoptosis in primary myeloma cells. Cnicin also exhibits activity against SARS-CoV-2. Cnicin inhibits the viral replication of SARS CoV-2 with an IC50 of 1.18 μg/mL. Cnicin can promote functional nerve regeneration.
    Cnicin
  • HY-162265
    UCM-13369
    		Inducer
    UCM-13369 (Compound 4b) is a NPM1 inhibitor. UCM-13369 downregulates the pathway associated with mutant NPM1 C+, and specifically recognizes the C-end DNA-binding domain of NPM1 C+. UCM-13369 induces apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary cells, that can be used for the research of AML.
    UCM-13369
  • HY-155232
    PI3Kδ-IN-16
    		Inducer 99.02%
    PI3Kδ-IN-16 is a potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.9 nM. PI3Kδ-IN-16 has a strong anti-proliferative effect on SU-DHL-6 cells, causing cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis. PI3Kδ-IN-16 tightly bins to PI3Kδ protein with a planar-shaped conformation. The kinase activity of PI3Kδ-IN-16 which is ~378-fold over PI3Kα, 412-fold over PI3Kβ, and 10-fold over PI3Kγ. PI3Kδ-IN-16 can be used for the study of hematologic malignancies.
    PI3Kδ-IN-16
  • HY-N3149
    (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde
    		Inducer 99.83%
    (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde is an aldehyde that can be separated from the stem bark of cinnamon. (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting signal transduction of STAT3 and reactive oxygen species production. (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde has antitumor activity.
    (E)-2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde
  • HY-156671A
    RMC-4998 formic
    		Inducer 99.02%
    RMC-4998 formic is an orally active inhibitor targeting the active or GTP-bound state of the KRASG12C mutant. RMC-4998 formic can form a ternary complex with intracellular CYPA and the activated KRASG12C mutant, with an IC50 value of 28 nM. RMC-4998 formic can inhibit ERK signaling in KRASG12C mutant cancer cells and induce apoptosis. RMC-4998 formic can be used for tumor research.
    RMC-4998 formic
  • HY-144677
    pan-HER-IN-2
    		Inducer 98.10%
    pan-HER-IN-2 (Compound C6) is a reversible, orally active pan-HER inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.72, 2.0, 8.2 and 75.1 nM against EGFR, HER4, EGFRT790M/L858R and HER2, respectively. pan-HER-IN-2 induces apoptosis and shows antitumor activities.
    pan-HER-IN-2
  • HY-131867
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG1-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.59%
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG1-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG1-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-164129
    CDK4-IN-3
    		Inducer 98.07%
    CDK4-IN-3 (Compound 389) is a potent irreversible cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) inhibitor (IC50=25 nM, >10-fold selective over CDK6). CDK4-IN-3 arrests the cell cycle at G₁ phase, and induces tumor cell apoptosis. CDK4-IN-3 is promising for research of solid tumors such as breast and lung cancers.
    CDK4-IN-3
  • HY-U00100
    Parcetasal
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Paclitaxal is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic.
    Parcetasal
  • HY-134173
    Arachidonoyl ethanolamide phosphate
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Arachidonoyl ethanolamide phosphate, an endocannabinoid, is an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system (CB1 subtype) and peripheral immune cells (CB2 subtype).
    Arachidonoyl ethanolamide phosphate
  • HY-149669
    PH14
    		Inhibitor 99.29%
    PH14 is a dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 20.3 nM and 24.5 nM for PI3Kα and HDAC3, respectively. PH14 has antiproliferative activity and also induces apoptosis in Jeko-1 cells. PH14 can be used in cancer research, such as lymphoma.
    PH14
  • HY-145944
    ASR-488
    		Inducer 99.73%
    ASR-488 activates the mRNA-binding protein CPEB1, induces apoptosis and inhibits bladder cancer growth.
    ASR-488
  • HY-N9802
    n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside
    		Inducer
    n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside could be isolated from kangaisan. n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside can be used for cancer research.
    n-Butyl-β-D-fructofuranoside
  • HY-148669B
    (S)-Bleximenib oxalate
    		Control 98.37%
    (S)-Bleximenib (oxalate) is a S-Enantiomer of Bleximenib oxalate (HY-148669A). Bleximenib (JNJ-75276617) oxalate is an orally active and selective menin-KMT2A inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.1 nM, 0.045 nM, and ≤0.066 nM for humans, mice, and dogs, respectively. Bleximenib oxalate can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis and differentiation of tumor cells. Bleximenib oxalate can be used in the research of tumors such as leukemia.
    (S)-Bleximenib oxalate
  • HY-P1411A
    Psalmotoxin 1 TFA
    		Inducer 99.37%
    Psalmotoxin 1 (PcTx1) TFA is a protein toxin that can bind at subunit-subunit interfaces of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a). Psalmotoxin 1 TFA is a potent and slective ASIC1a inhibitor (IC50: 0.9 nM) by increasing the apparent affinity for H+ of ASIC1a. Psalmotoxin 1 TFA can induce cell apoptosis, also inhibits cell migration, proferliration and invasion of cancer cells. Psalmotoxin 1 TFA can be used in the research of cancers, or neurological disease.
    Psalmotoxin 1 TFA
  • HY-13864
    PF-4989216
    		Activator 99.38%
    PF-4989216 is a potent and selective PI3Kα inhibitor with a Ki of 0.6 nM.
    PF-4989216
  • HY-161470
    WS-384
    		Inducer 98.23%
    WS-384 is a dual LSD1 and DCN1-UBC12 protein-protein interaction inhibitor with oral activity, with IC50 values of 338.79 nM and 14.81 nM, respectively. WS-384 possesses anticancer activity and can cause cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and induce apoptosis. WS-384 can be used in the research of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    WS-384
  • HY-N3096
    Penduletin
    		Inducer 99.59%
    Penduletin is a flavone, that can be isolated from Brickelia pendula and Vitex negundo. Penduletin shows anticancer activity. Penduletin induces apoptosis in the cancer cells through ROS generation.
    Penduletin
  • HY-117720
    OSU-2S
    		Inducer
    OSU-2S is a potent PKCδ activator. OSU-2S inhibits cell proliferation and migration. OSU-2S decreases the expression of p-ERK1/2, increases the expression of PKCδ (38 kDa) when combined with Sorafenib (HY-10201). OSU-2S induces Apoptosis.html" class="link-product" target="_blank">Apoptosis. OSU-2S slao is a non-immunosuppressive analogue of FTY720. OSU-2S shows anticancer activity.
    OSU-2S
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity