2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0617
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (S-Adenosyl methionine) is an orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine also has anti‑proliferative, pro‑apoptotic and anti‑metastatic roles in cancers. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine has the potential for, cancer, liver disease and osteoarthritis research.
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
  • HY-107093A
    MBC-11 trisodium
    		Inducer
    MBC-11 trisodium is a first-in-class conjugate of the bone-targeting bisphosphonate HEDP covalently linked to the antimetabolite Ara-C. MBC-11 trisodium has the potential for tumor-induced bone disease (TIBD) research.
    MBC-11 trisodium
  • HY-13404B
    Capmatinib hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Capmatinib (INC280; INCB28060) hydrochloride is a potent, orally active, selective, and ATP competitive c-Met kinase inhibitor (IC50=0.13 nM). Capmatinib hydrochloride can inhibit phosphorylation of c-MET as well as c-MET pathway downstream effectors such as ERK1/2, AKT, FAK, GAB1, and STAT3/5. Capmatinib hydrochloride potently inhibits c-MET-dependent tumor cell proliferation and migration and effectively induces apoptosis. Antitumor activity. Capmatinib hydrochloride is largely metabolized by CYP3A4 and aldehyde oxidase.
    Capmatinib hydrochloride
  • HY-14291A
    Vildagliptin dihydrate
    		Inhibitor
    Vildagliptin dihydrate (LAF237 dihydrate) is a potent, stable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.5 nM in human Caco-2 cells. Vildagliptin dihydrate possesses excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity.
    Vildagliptin dihydrate
  • HY-108701
    Nampt-IN-3
    		Activator 98.97%
    Nampt-IN-3 (Compound 35) simultaneously inhibit nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and HDAC with IC50s of 31 nM and 55 nM, respectively. Nampt-IN-3 effectively induces cell apoptosis and autophagy and ultimately leads to cell death.
    Nampt-IN-3
  • HY-138788
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG2-NH2
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG2-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG2-NH2
  • HY-17502S1
    Simvastatin-d3
    		98.61%
    Simvastatin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Simvastatin. Simvastatin (MK 733) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.2 nM.
    Simvastatin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N0052
    Sanguinarine
    		Inducer
    Sanguinarine (Sanguinarin), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the root of Sanguinaria Canadensis, can stimulate apoptosis via activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of JNK and NF-κB.
    Sanguinarine
  • HY-112600A
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG1-(C1-PEG)2-C2-NH2 TFA
    		Inducer 99.28%
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG1-(C1-PEG)2-C2-NH2 TFA is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 3-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG1-(C1-PEG)2-C2-NH2 TFA
  • HY-141600
    Aprutumab ixadotin
    		Inducer 98.99%
    Aprutumab ixadotin (BAY 1187982) is the first antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to target FGFR2 and the first to use Auristatin-based payload. Aprutumab ixadotin contains a fully human anti-FGFR2 monoclonal antibody (Aprutumab) (HY-P99007) conjugated by lysine side chains to a non-cleavable linker and via this an innovative Auristatin W derivative. Aprutumab ixadotin can be used for the study of advanced solid tumors, such as FGFR2-positive gastric cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.
    Aprutumab ixadotin
  • HY-B0015S1
    Paclitaxel-d5 (benzoyloxy)
    		Inducer 98.12%
    Paclitaxel-d5 (benzoyloxy) is the deuterium labeled Paclitaxel. Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy.
    Paclitaxel-d<sub>5</sub> (benzoyloxy)
  • HY-101030A
    MBM-17S
    		Inducer
    MBM-17S is a potent NIMA-related kinase 2 (Nek2) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3 nM. MBM-17S effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. MBM-17S shows antitumor activities, and no obvious toxicity to mice.
    MBM-17S
  • HY-13266
    BS-181
    		Inducer 98.10%
    BS-181 is a potent and selective CDK7 inhibitor (IC50=21 nM) than Seliciclib (HY-30237). BS-181 is also against CDK2, CDK5 and CDK9 with IC50 values of 880, 3000 and 4200 nM, respectively (fails to block CDK1, 4 and 6). BS-181 inhibits a panel of cancer cells growth (IC50=11.5 μM-37.3 μM) and induces cell apoptosis. BS-181 has the potential for the research of cancer therapy.
    BS-181
  • HY-138771
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG3-COOH
    		Inducer 98.90%
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG3-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG3-COOH
  • HY-135797
    DB1976
    		Activator
    DB1976 is a selenophene analog of DB270 and a potent and cell-permeable fully efficacious transcription factor PU.1 inhibitor. DB1976 potently inhibits PU.1 binding (IC50 of 10 nM) and strongly inhibits the PU.1/DNA complex (with high DB1976-λB affinity, KD of 12 nM) in vitro. DB1976 has apoptosis-inducing effect.
    DB1976
  • HY-132334S
    9-cis-Retinoic acid-d5
    		Inducer 98.64%
    9-cis-Retinoic acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled 9-cis-Retinoic acid. 9-cis-Retinoic acid (ALRT1057), a vitamin A derivative, is a potent RAR/RXR agonist. 9-cis-Retinoic acid induces apoptosis, regulates cell cycle and has anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection activities.
    9-cis-Retinoic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-138773
    Thalidomide-PEG5-COOH
    		Inducer 98.09%
    Thalidomide-PEG5-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-PEG5-COOH
  • HY-P99282
    Citatuzumab bogatox
    		Inducer
    Citatuzumab bogatox (VB6-845) is recombinant immunotoxin that composed of Fab fragment of humanized antibody targeting EpCAM and a modified cytotoxin bouganin. Citatuzumab bogatox binds to and selectively induces apoptosis in EpCAM-positive cell lines and shows good activity in EpCAM-positive human tumour xenograft models.
    Citatuzumab bogatox
  • HY-138778
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG1-COOH
    		Inducer 99.62%
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG1-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology. Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG1-COOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG1-COOH
  • HY-138776
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG3-COOH
    		Inducer 98.01%
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG3-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology. Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG3-COOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG3-COOH
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity