2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N6882
    Genistein 8-c-glucoside
    		Inducer 99.72%
    Genistein 8-c-glucoside (G8CG) is a glucoside. Genistein 8-c-glucoside induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and induces apoptosis.
    Genistein 8-c-glucoside
  • HY-N9271
    Grifolin
    		Agonist
    Grifolin is an antineoplastic agent can be isolated from the mushroom Albatrellus confluens and significantly induces apoptosis.
    Grifolin
  • HY-130326
    RAPTA-C
    		Activator 99.30%
    RAPTA-C (Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2(pta)) acts as an anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic agent. RAPTA-C exhibits anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-tumoral activities through protein and histone-deoxyribonucleic acid alterations. RAPTA-C exhibits cell growth inhibition by triggering G(2)/M phase arrest in cancer cells. RAPTA-C also enhances the levels of p53 and triggers the mitochondrial Apoptotic pathway, resulting in cytochrome C release and caspase-9 activation. RAPTA-C reduces the growth of tumors with the inhibition of angiogenesis in a ovarian carcinoma model.
    RAPTA-C
  • HY-10455S
    Carfilzomib-d8
    		Inducer 98.93%
    Carfilzomib-d8 is deuterium labeled Carfilzomib. Carfilzomib (PR-171) is an irreversible proteasome inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM in ANBL-6 and RPMI 8226 cells.
    Carfilzomib-d<sub>8</sub>
  • HY-14608S4
    L-Glutamic acid-13C5,15N,d5
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    L-Glutamic acid-13C5,15N,d5 is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
    L-Glutamic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N,d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-115565
    CGP-74514
    		Inducer 98.02%
    CGP-74514 (Compound 13) is a highly selective cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitor (IC50=25 nM). CGP-74514 inhibits CDK1/cyclin B complex activity, arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase and induces tumor cell apoptosis. CGP-74514 is promising for research of bladder cancer.
    CGP-74514
  • HY-14653
    Amsilarotene
    		Inducer 99.67%
    Amsilarotene (TAC-101; Am 555S), an orally active synthetic retinoid, has selective affinity for retinoic acid receptor α (RAR-α) binding with Ki of 2.4, 400 nM for RAR-α and RAR-β. Amsilarotene induces the apoptotic of human gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma cells. Amsilarotene can be used for the research of cancer.
    Amsilarotene
  • HY-146411
    microRNA-21-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.03%
    microRNA-21-IN-1 (compound A7) is an efficient microRNA inhibitor. microRNA-21-IN-1 has antiproliferative activity against Hela and HCT-116 cells with IC50s of 5.5 μM and 2.8 μM respectively, as well as promotes apoptosis of Hela cells. microRNA-21-IN-1 upregulates the expression of microRNA-21 downstream functional targets (PTEN, EGR1 and SLIT2). microRNA-21-IN-1 can be used for researching anticancer.
    microRNA-21-IN-1
  • HY-A0004R
    Decitabine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Decitabine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Decitabine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Decitabine (NSC 127716) is an orally active deoxycytidine analogue antimetabolite and a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Decitabine incorporates into DNA in place of cytosine can covalently trap DNA methyltransferase to DNA causing irreversible inhibition of the enzyme. Decitabine induces cell G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis. Decitabine has potent anticancer activity.
    Decitabine (Standard)
  • HY-131944
    S-Acetylglutathione
    		Inducer
    S-Acetylglutathione is a derivative of Glutathione (HY-D0187). S-Acetylglutathione is stable in blood, and can be converted to glutathione by intracellular thioesterases. S-Acetylglutathione restores the intracellular glutathione content in glutathione synthetase deficient fibroblasts. S-Acetylglutathione exhibits antiviral efficacy in HSV-1 infected model through inhibition of viral replication. S-Acetylglutathione induces apoptosis in cancer cells MOLT4 and UKF-NB-3.
    S-Acetylglutathione
  • HY-132260
    Naratuximab emtansine
    		Inducer 98.52%
    Naratuximab emtansine (IMGN529) is a CD37-targeted ADC consisting of a humanized IgG1 mAb coupled to the microtubule disruptor DM1. Naratuximab emtansine has high affinity and specificity for CD37, allowing ADC internalization, processing and intracellular release of DM1. Due to its ability to disrupt microtubule assembly, DM1 can subsequently induce cell cycle arrest and Apoptosis.html" class="link-product" target="_blank">apoptosis.
    Naratuximab emtansine
  • HY-115983
    DMUP
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    DMUP is a potent CD47-SIRPα axis inhibitor. DMUP induces apoptosis and increases the macrophage phagocytosis in A549 cells. DMUP decreases the expression of CD47 and SIRPα protein. DMUP shows antitumor activity.
    DMUP
  • HY-N1983
    Caudatin
    		Inducer 98.60%
    Caudatin is a steroidal cmpound found in Cynanchum auriculatum, causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis, with anti-cancer and antiangiogenic properties.
    Caudatin
  • HY-118874A
    Oblimersen sodium
    		Inhibitor 98.09%
    Oblimersen sodium is a BCL-2 inhibitor targeting BCL-2 RNA. Oblimersen sodium specifically binds to the first six codons of the bcl-2 mRNA sequence, resulting in degradation of bcl-2 mRNA and induces apoptosis by down-regulating expression of Bcl-2. Oblimersen sodium can be used for cancer research.
    Oblimersen sodium
  • HY-N0667R
    L-Asparagine (Standard)
    L-Asparagine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Asparagine (HY-N0667). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Asparagine is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    L-Asparagine (Standard)
  • HY-143337
    EGFR-IN-47
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-47 is a potent and orally active EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.01 μM. EGFR-IN-47 induces cell cycle attest and cell apoptosis. EGFR-IN-47 has the potential for the research of NSCLC.
    EGFR-IN-47
  • HY-126379
    CDDO-2P-Im
    		Inducer 98.07%
    CDDO-2P-Im is an analogue of CDDO-Imidazolide with chemopreventive effect. CDDO-2P-Im can reduce the size and the severity of the lung tumors in mouse lung cancer model.
    CDDO-2P-Im
  • HY-168574
    SZU-B6
    		Inducer 98.78%
    SZU-B6 is a PROTAC degrader for SIRT6 with DC50 of 45 nM and 154 nM in cell SK-HEP-1 and Huh-7. SZU-B6 inhibits the proliferation of cell SK-HEP-1 with an IC50 of 1.51 μM, inhibits the colony formation of SK-HEP-1 and Huh-7, induces apoptosis and arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase in SK-HEP-1. SZU-B6 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model. (Pink: ligand for target protein (HY-16605); Black: linker (HY-W012935); BLue: ligand for E3 ligase (HY-W453548)
    SZU-B6
  • HY-B0099S
    Edaravone-d5
    		Inducer 99.52%
    Edaravone-d5 is a deuterium labeled Edaravone. Edaravone is a strong novel free radical scavenger, and inhibits MMP-9-related brain hemorrhage in rats treated with tissue plasminogen activator.
    Edaravone-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N4006
    Isoangustone A
    		Inducer
    Isoangustone A is an anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent. Isoangustone A induces cancer cells apoptosis and autophagic cell death.
    Isoangustone A
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity