2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-130951
    Thalidomide-O-C6-COOH
    		Inducer 99.29%
    Thalidomide-O-C6-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-O-C6-COOH
  • HY-148953
    MTR-106
    		Inducer 99.40%
    MTR-106 is a potent and orally active G-quadruplex stabilizer and RNA polymerase I inhibitor. MTR-106 induces apoptosis and inhibits cell growth. MTR-106 can be used in research of cancer.
    MTR-106
  • HY-16138A
    Ivaltinostat formic
    		Inducer 98.26%
    Ivaltinostat (CG-200745) formic is an orally active, potent pan-HDAC inhibitor which has the hydroxamic acid moiety to bind zinc at the bottom of catalytic pocket. Ivaltinostat formic inhibits deacetylation of histone H3 and tubulin. Ivaltinostat formic induces the accumulation of p53, promotes p53-dependent transactivation, and enhances the expression of MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) proteins. Ivaltinostat formic enhances the sensitivity of Gemcitabine-resistant cells to Gemcitabine (HY-16138) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU; HY-90006). Ivaltinostat formic induces apoptosis and has anti-tumour effects.
    Ivaltinostat formic
  • HY-10582S1
    Flurbiprofen-d5
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Flurbiprofen-d5 is the deuterium labeled Flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen (dl-Flurbiprofen) is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA/NSAID), with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Flurbiprofen is commonly used for the research of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
    Flurbiprofen-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-B0011S
    Docetaxel-d9
    		Inducer 98.61%
    Docetaxel-d9 is the deuterium labeled Docetaxel. Docetaxel (RP-56976) is a microtubule?depolymerization inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.2 μM. Docetaxel attenuates the effects of?bcl-2 and bcl-xL gene expression. Docetaxel arrests the cell cycle at G2/M and leads to cell apoptosis. Docetaxel has anti-cancer activity.
    Docetaxel-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-137397
    8-Hydroxyefavirenz
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    8-Hydroxyefavirenz (8-OH-EFV) is a primary metabolite of (HY-10572). 8-Hydroxyefavirenz induces apoptosis via a JNK- and BimEL-dependent mechanism in primary human hepatocytes. 8-Hydroxyefavirenz can be used in research of cancer. 8-Hydroxyefavirenz is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    8-Hydroxyefavirenz
  • HY-I0501
    2'-Aminoacetophenone
    		Inducer 99.82%
    2'-Aminoacetophenone is an orally active inducer of apoptosis and respiratory biomarker. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can be used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can inhibit the protein levels of LC3BII and p62 in macrophages infected with pqsA or mvfR and regulate autophagy. 2'-Aminoacetophenone can disrupt mitochondrial function by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling, leading to dysfunction in mouse skeletal muscle.
    2'-Aminoacetophenone
  • HY-17499
    EGFR-IN-12
    		Inducer 99.40%
    EGFR-IN-12 is a 4,6-disubstituted pyrimidine and is a potent, ATP-competitive, irreversible and highly selective EGFR inhibitor with an IC50of 21 nM. EGFR-IN-12 also inhibits mutant EGFRL858R and EGFRL861Q with IC50s of 63 nM and 4 nM, respectively. EGFR-IN-12 displays strong selectivity for EGFR over HER4 (IC50 = 7640 nM) and a panel of 55 other kinases. EGFR-IN-12 induces cells apoptosis and has antitumor activity.
    EGFR-IN-12
  • HY-B1279A
    Metamizole sodium
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Metamizole sodium (Dipyrone) is an orally active cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. Metamizole sodium can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis. Metamizole sodium has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Metamizole sodium is an antipyretic, analgesic and spasmolytic agent. .Metamizole sodium can be used in research to relieve a variety of pain.
    Metamizole sodium
  • HY-100498A
    GSK-2256098 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.89%
    GSK-2256098 hydrochloride is a focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor that exhibits potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. GSK-2256098 hydrochloride targets FAK to inhibit tumor cell growth by regulating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival.
    GSK-2256098 hydrochloride
  • HY-15121S
    L-Theanine-d5
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    L-Theanine-d5 is the deuterium labeled L-Theanine. L-Theanine (L-Glutamic Acid γ-ethyl amide）is a non-protein amino acid contained in green tea leaves, which blocks the binding of L-glutamic acid to glutamate receptors in the brain, and with neuroprotective and anti-oxidative activities. L-Theanine causes anti-stress effects via the inhibition of cortical neuron excitation by oral intake.
    L-Theanine-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-N7012
    7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin
    		Inducer 99.28%
    7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin (5-Hydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyflavone) is a flavonoid with multiple biological activities. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin inhibits soybean lipoxygenase (LOX), with an IC50 value of 23.97 µg/mL. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin possesses anti-inflammatory effects in Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin inhibits the binding of MDM2 with p53 and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin also has antioxidant, antifungal and antitrypanosomal activitiessup>[4]sup>[5].
    7,3',4'-Tri-O-methylluteolin
  • HY-N0120AR
    Polydatin (Standard)
    		Inducer 98.28%
    Polydatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Polydatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Polydatin (Piceid), extracted from the roots of Reynoutria japonica, a widely used traditional Chinese remedies, possesses anti-inflammatory activity in several experimental models. Polydatin (Piceid) inhibits G6PD and induces oxidative and ER stresses.
    Polydatin (Standard)
  • HY-B0261S
    Meloxicam-d3
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Meloxicam-d3 is deuterium labeled Meloxicam. Meloxicam is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, inhibits COX activity, with IC50s of 0.49 μM and 36.6 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    Meloxicam-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-130716
    Thalidomide-NH-C10-COOH
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-NH-C10-COOH (compound 6b) is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based CRBN ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-C10-COOH
  • HY-149800
    PARP-1-IN-3
    		Inducer 99.30%
    PARP-1-IN-3, a benzamide derivative, is a potent PARP-1 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.25 nM and 2.34 nM for PARP-1 and PARP-2, respectively. PARP-1-IN-3 induces apoptosis and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase. PARP-1-IN-3 can be used in research of cancer.
    PARP-1-IN-3
  • HY-17502R
    Simvastatin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Simvastatin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Simvastatin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Simvastatin (MK 733) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.2 nM.
    Simvastatin (Standard)
  • HY-B1941
    4-tert-Octylphenol
    		Inducer 99.70%
    4-tert-Octylphenol, a endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an estrogenic agent. 4-tert-Octylphenol is also a biodegradation product of non-ionic surfactants alkylphenol polyethoxylates. 4-tert-Octylphenol induces apoptosis in neuronal progenitor cells in offspring mouse brain. 4-tert-Octylphenol reduces bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), mitotic marker Ki67, and phospho-histone H3 (p-Histone-H3), resulting in a reduction of neuronal progenitor proliferation. 4-tert-Octylphenol disrupts brain development and behavior in mice, which is promising for reserch of immune response, neuro-related diseases and ethology.
    4-tert-Octylphenol
  • HY-146754
    MMP2-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.18%
    MMP2-IN-1 is a moderate potenet MMP2 inhibitor with IC50 of 6.8 µM. MMP2-IN-1 exhibits remarkable antiproliferative activity in certain cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis.
    MMP2-IN-1
  • HY-126457
    Thalidomide-propargyl
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Thalidomide-propargyl is the Thalidomide-based Cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-propargyl can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form the IMiD containing PROTACs. Thalidomide-propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Thalidomide-propargyl
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity