2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P99286
    Drozitumab
    		Inducer 99.00%
    Drozitumab (PRO 95780) is a human agonistic monoclonal antibody which binds the death receptor DR5. Drozitumab has potent antitumor activity against rhabdomyosarcoma.
    Drozitumab
  • HY-W011522
    Taurolidine
    		Inducer 98.19%
    Taurolidine is a potent antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Taurolidine inhibits cell proliferation. Taurolidine induces apoptosis and autophagy. Taurolidine rescues mice from sepsis-associated lethality.
    Taurolidine
  • HY-N3307
    (+)-Medioresinol
    		Inducer 98.88%
    (+)-Medioresinol is a furofuran type lignan with antifungal, antibacterial and lesishmanicidal activities. (+)-Medioresinol leads to intracellular ROS accumulation and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death in Candida albicans. (+)-Medioresinol can reduce the cardiovascular disease risk.
    (+)-Medioresinol
  • HY-117737A
    RRD-251
    		Inducer 99.87%
    RRD-251 is an inhibitor of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb)-Raf-1 interaction, with potent anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities.
    RRD-251
  • HY-143490
    PAK4-IN-2
    		Inducer 99.78%
    PAK4-IN-2 is a highly potent PAK4 inhibitor with IC50 value of 2.7 nM. PAK4-IN-2 can arrest MV4-11 cells at G0/G1 phase and induce cell apoptosis. PAK4-IN-2 can be used for researching cancer.
    PAK4-IN-2
  • HY-136477
    Pentagamavunon-1
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1), a Curcumin analog with oral activity, targets on several molecular mechanisms to induce apoptosis including inhibition of angiogenic factors cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PGV-1 inhibits NF-κB activation.
    Pentagamavunon-1
  • HY-115567
    5-NIdR
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    5-NIdR (1-(β-D-2-Deoxyribofuranosyl)-5-nitroindole), an artificial nucleoside, exhibits the ability to inhibit the replication of DNA lesions generated by Temozolomide (HY-17364). 5-NIdR induces cancer cells apoptosis and arrests cell cycle at G0 phase. 5-NIdR enhances Temozolomide anti-tumor efficacy in murine glioblastoma model.
    5-NIdR
  • HY-B0228S4
    Adenosine-1′-13C
    		99.66%
    Adenosine-1′-13C is the 13C labeled Adenosine. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiolo
    Adenosine-1′-<sup>13</sup>C
  • HY-153797
    Dox-btn2
    		Inducer
    Dox-btn2 is a biotin labeled Doxorubicin (HY-15142A), with a biotin label at the point of conjugation to doxorubicin at 3'-NH2. Dox-btn2 can be used for cell imaging. While Doxorubicin is mainly accumulated in the nucleus, while Dox-btn2 is mainly located in the cytoplasm.
    Dox-btn2
  • HY-157331
    DCZ5418
    		99.02%
    DCZ5418 is an inhibitor of TRIP13. DCZ5418 has anti-multiple myeloma activity in vitro and in vivo.
    DCZ5418
  • HY-N0756
    Bornyl acetate
    		Inducer
    Bornyl acetate is a potent odorant, exhibiting one of the highest flavor dilution factor (FD factor). Bornyl acetate possesses anti-cancer activity.
    Bornyl acetate
  • HY-158774
    TG2-179-1
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    TG2-179-1 is a potent BAP1 inhibitor. TG2-179-1 inhibits the domain-containing deubiquitinase (DUB) activity of BAP1 by covalently binding to its active site. TG2-179-1 exerts cytotoxic activity, leading to defective replication and increased apoptosis. TG2-179-1 has the potential for colon cancer research.
    TG2-179-1
  • HY-12331
    KRCA-0008
    		Inducer
    KRCA-0008 is a selective ALK/Ack1 inhibitor with IC50s of 12 and 4 nM for ALK and Ack1, respectively. KRCA-0008 can be used for the research of cancer.
    KRCA-0008
  • HY-W014225
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
    		Inducer 99.81%
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is the metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid induces immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, and inhibits the phagocytic ability of macrophages.
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
  • HY-112338
    C188
    		Inducer 98.29%
    C188 (CPD188) is a STAT3 inhibitor with anticancer effects. C188 inhibits STAT3 SH2/pY-peptide binding (IC50 of 20 µM against pY-peptide binding) and IL-6-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation. C188 is selective for STAT3 over STAT1. C188 inhibits nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of Stat3. C188 shows highly active induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines with constitutive Stat3 activation (EC50s of 0.73 µM, 3.96 µM, and 7.01 µM in MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435 cultures, respectively).
    C188
  • HY-B1106
    Tetrahydroxyquinone
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Tetrahydroxyquinone (Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone), a primitive anticataract agent, is a redox active benzoquinone. Tetrahydroxyquinone can take part in a redox cycle with semiquinone radicals, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
    Tetrahydroxyquinone
  • HY-130495
    CDDO-TFEA
    		Inducer 99.59%
    CDDO-TFEA (RTA 404; TP-500) is a trifluoroacetamide derivative of CDDO with enhanced ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. CDDO is an Nrf2 activator that inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation and apoptosis in various cancer cells. CDDO-TFEA can enhance Nrf2 expression and signaling in various neurodegenerative disease models, including those mimicking multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. CDDO-TFEA induces apoptosis and blocks colony formation in Ewing's sarcoma and neuroblastoma cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 85-170 nM.
    CDDO-TFEA
  • HY-15036A
    Diclofenac diethylamine
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Diclofenac diethylamine is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac diethylamine induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac diethylamine
  • HY-14658R
    Thalidomide (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thalidomide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thalidomide inhibits cereblon (CRBN), a part of the cullin-4 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CUL4-RBX1-DDB1, with a Kd of ∼250 nM, and has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic cancer properties. Thalidomide can work as molecular glue to potentiate substrate.
    Thalidomide (Standard)
  • HY-12842
    UC-112
    		Inducer 98.92%
    UC-112 is a novel potent IAP(Inhibitor of apoptosis) inhibitor; potently inhibit cell growth in two human melanoma (A375 and M14) and two human prostate (PC-3 and DU145) cancer cell lines(IC50=0.
    UC-112
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity