2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2510
    Myristicin
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Myristicine is an orally bioavailable serotonin receptor antagonist and weak monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Myristicine also exerts anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. Myristicine is the main component of nutmeg essential oil and has anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-inducing effects. Myristicine abuse can produce hallucinogenic effects, organ damage, etc.
    Myristicin
  • HY-128153
    Thienopyridone
    		Inducer 98.05%
    Thienopyridone is a potent and selective phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) phosphatase inhibitor with IC50s of 173 nM, 277 nM and 128 nM for PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3, respectively. Thienopyridone shows minimal effects on other phosphatases. Thienopyridone induces p130Cas cleavage and apoptosis and has anticancer effects.
    Thienopyridone
  • HY-134333
    ICCB280
    		Activator 98.14%
    ICCB280 is a potent inducer of C/EBPα. ICCB280 exhibits anti-leukemic properties including terminal differentiation, proliferation arrest, and apoptosis through activation of C/EBPα and affecting its downstream targets (such as C/EBPε, G-CSFR and c-Myc).
    ICCB280
  • HY-160409
    TopBP1-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.35%
    TopBP1-IN-1 is a TopBP1 inhibitor. TopBP1-IN-1 has a synergistic effect with PARP inhibitors. TopBP1-IN-1 has antitumor activity .
    TopBP1-IN-1
  • HY-W093272
    Thalidomide-5,6-F
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Thalidomide-5,6-F is the Thalidomide-based cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-5,6-F can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-5,6-F
  • HY-P99299
    Lexatumumab
    		Inducer
    Lexatumumab (HGS-ETR 2) is a human agonistic TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2, DR5, APO-2) IgG4κ type monoclonal antibody. Lexatumumab induces apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma. Lexatumumab can be used for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) research.
    Lexatumumab
  • HY-143692
    SQDG
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    SQDG inhibits topoisomerase I and P-selectin receptor, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antitumor activities. SQDG is a glycolipid that possesses sugar moieties in their head groups. SQDG is a membrane lipid that can be used to investigate the effects of structural lipid in LNP formulations.
    SQDG
  • HY-116514
    (S)-(−)-Perillyl alcohol
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    (S)-( )-Perillyl alcohol is a monoterpene found in lavender, inhibits farnesylation of Ras, upregulates the mannose-6-phosphate receptor and induces apoptosis. Anti-cancer activity.
    (S)-(−)-Perillyl alcohol
  • HY-N2374
    Eupatorin
    		99.97%
    Eupatorin, a naturally occurring flavone, arrests cells at the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptotic cell death involving activation of multiple caspases, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage.
    Eupatorin
  • HY-113638
    CVT-11127
    		Inducer 99.94%
    CVT-11127 is a potent SCD inhibitor. CVT-11127 induces apoposis and arrests the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. CVT-11127 has the potential for the research of lung cancer.
    CVT-11127
  • HY-B0166S
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C6
    		Inducer 99.90%
    L-Ascorbic acid-13C6 is the 13C-labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a collagen deposition enhancer and an elastogenesis inhibitor. L-Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-cancer effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selective damage to cancer cells.
    L-Ascorbic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-123467
    Lasiokaurin
    		Inducer 99.68%
    Lasiokaurin is a diterpenoid compound isolated from Isodon lasiocarpus.
    Lasiokaurin
  • HY-110077
    API-1
    		Inducer 99.62%
    API-1 is a potent selective Akt/PKB inhibitor that reduces the level of phosphorylated Akt (IC50 = 0.8 μM). API-1 binds to the PH domain and inhibits Akt membrane translocation. API-1 induces c-FLIP degradation. API-1 reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. API-1 decreases tumor growth in mouse xenograft model.
    API-1
  • HY-N3026
    Soyasaponin Ab
    		Inducer 99.20%
    Soyasaponin Ab is an orally active soyasaponin. Soyasaponin Ab inhibits PPARγ transcriptional activity. Soyasaponin Ab induces apoptosis in high concentrations. Soyasaponin Ab exerts anti-obesity, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging effects. Soyasaponin Ab prevents Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory impairment.
    Soyasaponin Ab
  • HY-156278
    FB49
    		Inhibitor 99.76%
    FB49 is a highly selective inhibitor of Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), with the Ki of 45 μM. FB49 inhibits the cell growth in human tumoral cells, but has no toxicity in human peripheral mononuclear cells. FB49 block cell cycle in G1 phase and to induce apoptosis as well as autophagy in medulloblastoma HD-MB03 treated cells.
    FB49
  • HY-136528
    RA-9
    		Inducer 98.67%
    RA-9 is a potent and selective proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) inhibitor with favorable toxicity profile and anticancer activity. RA-9 blocks ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation without impacting 20S proteasome proteolytic activity. RA-9 selectively induces onset of apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cultures derived from donors. RA-9 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress responses in ovarian cancer cells.
    RA-9
  • HY-149974
    CDK8-IN-13
    		Inducer 99.14%
    CDK8-IN-13 is a potent, selective and orally active CDK8 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 51.9 nM. CDK8-IN-13 induces apoptosis. CDK8-IN-13 decreases the expression of p-STAT1 S727 and p-STAT5 S726. CDK8-IN-13 shows antitumor activity.
    CDK8-IN-13
  • HY-16561S
    Resveratrol-d4
    		Inducer 99.36%
    Resveratrol-d4 is the deuterium labeled Resveratrol. Resveratrol (trans-Resveratrol; SRT501), a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. Resveratrol (SRT 501) has a wide spectrum of targets including mTOR, JAK, β-amyloid, Adenylyl cyclase, IKKβ, DNA polymerase. Resveratrol also is a specific SIRT1 activator. Resveratrol is a potent pregnane X receptor (PXR) inhibitor. Resveratrol is an Nrf2 activator, ameliorates aging-related progressive renal injury in mice model. Resveratrol increases production of NO in endothelial cells.
    Resveratrol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-124957
    β-NETA
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    β-NETA is a potent and noncompetitive choline acetyltransferase (ChA; IC50=76 μM) and cholinesterase (ChE; IC50=40 μM) inhibitor. β-NETA weakly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE; IC50=1 mM).
    β-NETA
  • HY-123955
    Casein Kinase inhibitor A86
    		Activator 99.26%
    Casein Kinase inhibitor A86 is a potent and orally active casein kinase 1α (CK1α) inhibitor. Casein Kinase inhibitor A86 also inhibits of CDK7 (TFIIH) and CDK9 (P-TEFb). Casein Kinase inhibitor A861 induces leukemia cell apoptosis, and has potent anti-leukemic activities.
    Casein Kinase inhibitor A86
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity