2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-133146
    DJ001
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    DJ001 is a highly specific, selective and non-competitive protein tyrosine phosphatase-σ (PTPσ) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.43 μM. DJ001 displays no inhibitory activity against other phosphatases, with only modest inhibitory activity against Protein Phosphatase 5. DJ001 promotes promote hematopoietic stem cell regeneration.
    DJ001
  • HY-12034
    WYE-354
    		Inducer 98.04%
    WYE-354 is an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor with an IC50 of 5 nM. WYE-354 also inhibits PI3Kα and PI3Kγ with IC50s of 1.89 μM and 7.37 μM, respectively. WYE-354 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2. WYE-354 induces autophagy activation in vitro.
    WYE-354
  • HY-135250B
    Thalidomide-4-O-C6-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.53%
    Thalidomide-4-O-C6-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate used in the PROTAC dTAG-13, a degrader of FKBP12F36V and BET.
    Thalidomide-4-O-C6-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-101923
    LYN-1604
    		Activator 99.41%
    LYN-1604 is a potent UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) activator (EC50=18.94 nM) for the research of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    LYN-1604
  • HY-14429
    (-)-Irofulven
    		Inducer 98.86%
    (-)-Irofulven (MGI 114), an Illudin S analog, is a DNA alkylating agent. (-)-Irofulven inhibits the replication of DNA, induces tumor cells apoptosis, and has potent antitumor activity.
    (-)-Irofulven
  • HY-137432A
    Avotaciclib trihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Avotaciclib (BEY1107) trihydrochloride is an orally active cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitor. Avotaciclib trihydrochloride can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Avotaciclib trihydrochloride can be used in the research of cancer such as pancreatic cancer and lung cancer.
    Avotaciclib trihydrochloride
  • HY-128777
    WEHI-9625
    		Inhibitor 99.46%
    WEHI-9625 is a tricyclic sulfone, first-in-class inhibitor of apoptosis with an EC50 of 69 nM. WEHI-9625 binds to VDAC2 and promotes its ability to inhibit apoptosis driven by mouse BAK. WEHI-9625 is completely inactive against both human BAK and the closely related apoptosis effector BAX.
    WEHI-9625
  • HY-B0299
    Oxibendazole
    		Inducer 99.61%
    Oxibendazole is an effective benzimidazole anthelmintic and is against nema-tode infections. Oxibendazole can induces apoptosis and has anti-cancer and anti-inflammation activities.
    Oxibendazole
  • HY-130616
    EGFR-IN-11
    		Inducer 99.30%
    EGFR-IN-11 is a fourth-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) with an IC50 of 18 nM for triple mutant EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S. EGFR-IN-11 significantly suppresses the EGFR phosphorylation, induce the apoptosis, and arrest cell cycle at G0/G1.
    EGFR-IN-11
  • HY-126222
    MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide
    		Inducer
    MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide, a Tamoxifen derivative, is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide reduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology. MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells.
    MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide
  • HY-N0337S
    Eugenol-d3
    		Inducer 98.52%
    Eugenol-d3 is the deuterium labeled Eugenol. Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves with antibacterial, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity. Eugenol is shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
    Eugenol-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-W015084
    β-Ionone
    		Inducer 99.85%
    β-Ionone is effective in the induction of apoptosis in gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cells. Anti-cancer activity.
    β-Ionone
  • HY-B0797
    Etretinate
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Etretinate(Ro 10-9359) is a second-generation retinoid that has the potential for severe psoriasis treatment.
    Etretinate
  • HY-108391
    C8-Ceramide
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    C8-Ceramide (N-Octanoyl-D-erythro-sphingosine) is a cell-permeable analog of naturally occurring ceramides. C8-Ceramide has anti-proliferation properties and acts as a potent chemotherapeutic agent. C8-Ceramide stimulates dendritic cells to promote T cell responses upon virus infections. C8-Ceramide induces slight activation of protein kinase (PKC) in vitro.
    C8-Ceramide
  • HY-B0809R
    Theophylline (Standard)
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Theophylline (Standard) is the analytical standard of Theophylline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.
    Theophylline (Standard)
  • HY-120149
    Inotodiol
    		Inducer 98.29%
    Inotodiol activates p53 signaling pathway, inhibits MMP-2/9, and exhibits antitumor activity in cancer cell HeLa. Inotodiol inhibits the generation of ROS and exhibits antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Inotodiol inhibits the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Inotodiol inhibits TLR-4 mediated TNF-α production (IC50s in BMMC and BMDM is 0.7 μM and 3.0 μM), inhibits the degranulation in mast cell, exhibits anti-allergic activity. Inotodiol is orally active.
    Inotodiol
  • HY-N6967
    Levomenol
    		Inhibitor 99.22%
    Levomenol ((-)-α-Bisabolol), a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. Levomenol also has neuroprotective effects and prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Levomenol attenuates nociceptive behaviour and central sensitisation in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Orally active.
    Levomenol
  • HY-W014395
    Dithiodipropionic acid
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Dithiodipropionic acid can interact with CPUL1 (HY-151802, a TrxR inhibitor) to form nanoaggregates (CPUL1-DA NAs). CPUL1-DA NAs generates more abundant ROS to induce cell apoptosis than that of free CPUL1, and improves antitumor efficacy against HUH7 cancer cells.
    Dithiodipropionic acid
  • HY-137976
    Penehyclidine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.2%
    Penehyclidine (Penequinine) hydrochloride, a anticholinergic agent, is a selective antagonist of M1 and M3 receptors. Penehyclidine hydrochloride activates NF-kβ in lung tissue and inhibits the release of inflammatory factors. Penehyclidine hydrochloride can alleviate the pulmonary inflammatory response in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) undergoing mechanical ventilation.
    Penehyclidine hydrochloride
  • HY-122815
    Fusicoccin
    		Inducer
    Fusicoccin (Fusicoccin A), a fungal pytotoxin, is a stabilizer of specific 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions. Fusicoccin sabilizes H+-ATPase/14-3-3 cmplex in pants, maintaining the enzyme in activated state. Fusicoccin also stabilizes 14-3-3 protein interactions with binding partners containing a C-terminal 14-3-3 recognition motif (a mode 3 motif), such as ERα, GPIbα, TASK3, CTFR, and p53. Fusicoccin induces apoptosis in cancer cells and has anticancer activity.
    Fusicoccin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity