2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P0144
    Thrombospondin-1 (1016-1023) (human, bovine, mouse)
    		Inducer 98.75%
    Thrombospondin-1 (1016-1023) (human, bovine, mouse), is the C-terminal end of the native sequence of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), is a CD47 agonist peptide.
    Thrombospondin-1 (1016-1023) (human, bovine, mouse)
  • HY-120897
    NS-3-008 hydrochloride
    		99.67%
    NS-3-008 hydrochloride is an orally active transcriptional inhibitor of G0/G1 switch 2 (G0s2) with an IC50 of 2.25 μM. NS-3-008 hydrochloride can be used for chronic kidney disease.
    NS-3-008 hydrochloride
  • HY-122182
    OTS193320
    		Inducer 98.64%
    OTS193320, a imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound, is a SUV39H2 methyltransferase activity inhibitor. OTS193320 decreases global histone H3 lysine 9 tri-methylation levels in breast cancer cells and triggers apoptotic cell death. Combination of OTS193320 with Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) results in reduction of γ-H2AX levels as well as cancer cell viability compared to a single agent OTS193320 or DOX.
    OTS193320
  • HY-B0541
    Cyclamic acid
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Cyclamic acid (Cyclamate) is a commonly used sweetener. Cyclamic acid sodium is toxic to osteoblasts and can inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and reduce cell mineralization. Cyclamic acid sodium causes focal necrosis of bladder organs in rats in vitro, which can promote bladder cancer, but some studies have shown that low doses of Cyclamic acid sodium have no carcinogenic effect. In addition, Cyclamic acid sodium has no effect on insulin and glucagon secretion induced by arginine.
    Cyclamic acid
  • HY-W011683
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate
    		Inducer 99.89%
    2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate is an adenine nucleoside that inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release. 2′-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits glucose-stimulated increases seen in islet cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate activates caspase-3 and promotes apoptosis. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the activity of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate inhibits the growth of various cells. 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate has an anticancer effect on colon cancer.
    2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate
  • HY-124778
    SW106065
    		Activator 99.74%
    SW106065 is an apoptosis inducer in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). SW106065 inhibits ATP consumption of sMPNST and other models of MPNST with an EC50 of 1 µM. SW106065 can be used for MPNST research.
    SW106065
  • HY-W748591
    Cannflavin A
    		Activator 99.20%
    Cannflavin A can be isolated from Cannabis sativa L.. Cannflavin A has anti-cancer, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity. Cannflavin A inhibits Aβ1-42 aggregation. Cannflavin A also inhibits kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) (IC50 = 29.4 μM). Cannflavin A activates apoptosis via caspase-3 cleavage. Cannflavin A exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory enzymes, including prostaglandin E2 and cytochrome c oxidases I and II in PC12 cell line.
    Cannflavin A
  • HY-155163
    APG-2449
    		98.93%
    APG-2449 is an orally active inhibitor for BCL-2 and multikinase (ALK/FAK/ROS1) with potent antitumor activities. APG-2449 reduces cell viability and enhances apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. APG-2449 decreases activation of FAK and its downstream effectors. APG-2449 can be studied in research for mesothelioma tumor, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, hematologic and solid malignancies.
    APG-2449
  • HY-B2054
    Tebufenozide
    		Inducer 99.28%
    Tebufenozide is a nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist used to control pest. Tebufenozide has cytotoxic and induces apoptosis in HeLa and insect Tn5B1-4 cells.
    Tebufenozide
  • HY-108356
    NS3694
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    NS3694, a diarylurea compound, is an apoptosome inhibitor. NS3694 inhibits apoptosome formation and caspase activation.
    NS3694
  • HY-108277
    Ginsenoside F5
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Ginsenoside F5, from crude extracts of flower buds of Panax ginseng, remarkably inhibits the growth of HL-60 cells by the apoptosis pathway.
    Ginsenoside F5
  • HY-123931
    ZLDI-8
    		Inducer 98.47%
    ZLDI-8 is a Notch activating/cleaving enzyme ADAM-17 inhibitor and inhibits the cleavage of Notch protein. ZLDI-8 decreases the expression of pro-survival/anti-apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins. ZLDI-8 is also a competitive and irreversible tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) inhibitor with an IC50 of 31.6 μM and a Ki of 26.22 μM. ZLDI-8 inhibits the growth of MHCC97-H cells with an IC50 of 5.32 μM.
    ZLDI-8
  • HY-B1279
    Metamizole sodium hydrate
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Metamizole sodium hydrate (Dipyrone) is an orally active cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor.. Metamizole sodium hydrate can inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis. Metamizole sodium hydrate has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Metamizole sodium hydrate is an antipyretic, analgesic and spasmolytic agent. Metamizole sodium hydrate can be used in research to relieve a variety of pain.
    Metamizole sodium hydrate
  • HY-90006R
    5-Fluorouracil (Standard)
    		Inducer
    5-Fluorouracil (Standard) is the analytical standard of 5-Fluorouracil. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an analogue of uracil and a potent antitumor agent. 5-Fluorouracil affects pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase thus depleting intracellular dTTP pools. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used as a chemical sensitizer. 5-Fluorouracil also inhibits HIV.
    5-Fluorouracil (Standard)
  • HY-110031
    BAI1 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.82%
    BAI1 hydrochloride is a selective apoptosis factor BAX allosteric inhibitors. BAI1 hydrochloride binds BAX and allosterically inhibits its activation. BAI1 hydrochloride has the potential to be used in the study of BAX dependent cell death-mediated diseases.
    BAI1 hydrochloride
  • HY-112885C
    nor-NOHA dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.85%
    nor-NOHA dihydrochloride is a selective and reversible arginase inhibitor. nor-NOHA dihydrochloride induces apoptosis in ARG2-expressing cells under hypoxia. nor-NOHA dihydrochloride has anti-leukemic activity. nor-NOHA dihydrochloride can used in study endothelial dysfunction, immunosuppression and metabolism.
    nor-NOHA dihydrochloride
  • HY-12743
    K-7174
    		Inducer 98.02%
    K-7174 is an orally active proteasome and GATA inhibitor. K-7174 is a cell adhesion inhibitor. K-7174 induces cell apoptosis. K-7174 shows antitumor activities, it can be used for the research of cancer.
    K-7174
  • HY-10201R
    Sorafenib (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Sorafenib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sorafenib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a potent and orally active Raf inhibitor with IC50s of 6 nM and 20 nM for Raf-1 and B-Raf, respectively. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor with IC50s of 90 nM, 15 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM and 58 nM for VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, FLT3 and c-Kit, respectively. Sorafenib induces autophagy and apoptosis. Sorafenib has anti-tumor activity. Sorafenib is a ferroptosis activator.
    Sorafenib (Standard)
  • HY-10619E
    Niraparib tosylate hydrate
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Niraparib (MK-4827) tosylate hydrate is a highly potent and orally bioavailable PARP1 and PARP2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively. Niraparib tosylate hydrate leads to inhibition of repair of DNA damage, activates apoptosis and shows anti-tumor activity.
    Niraparib tosylate hydrate
  • HY-18696
    AMG-337
    		Inducer 99.40%
    AMG-337 is a potent, orally active, selective MET kinase inhibitor with IC50 values of 1, 1, 4.7, 5, 21.5, 1077 and >4000 nM of WT MET, H1094R MET, M1250T MET, HGF-stimulated pMET (PC3 cells) MET, V1092I MET, Y1230H MET, and D1228H MET, respectively. AMG 337 inhibits the phosphorylation of MET and downstream effectors in MET-amplified cancer cell lines, resulting in an inhibition of MET-dependent cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.
    AMG-337
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity