2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-Q04764
    TI17
    		Inducer
    TI17 is an inhibitor of the thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein Trip13 and has anticancer activity. TI17 effectively inhibits multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Trip13 is an AAA-ATPase that mediates double-strand break (DSB) repair; TI17 inhibits Trip13 function and increases DNA damage.
    TI17
  • HY-N1255
    Scoulerine
    		Inducer 99.27%
    Scoulerine ((-)-Scoulerine), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a potent antimitotic compound. Scoulerine is also an inhibitor of BACE1 (?-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1). Scoulerine inhibits proliferation, arrests cell cycle, and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
    Scoulerine
  • HY-W046353
    2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde
    		Inducer 98.95%
    2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde (o-Methoxycinnamaldehyde) is a natural compound that can be isolated from Cinnamomum cassia. 2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde inhibits topoisomerase-I/II and NF-κB signaling pathway, causes mitochondrial dysfunction, induces lysosomal vesiculation, thereby leading to DNA damage and cell apoptosis. 2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde exhibits antitumor effects.
    2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde
  • HY-N2150
    Psammaplin A
    		Inducer
    Psammaplin A is a marine metabolite. Psammaplin A is a selective HDAC1 (IC50: 45 nM), DNA methyltransferases (IC50: 18.6 nM) and aminopeptidase N (APN) (IC50: 18 μM) inhibitor. Psammaplin A also inhibits DNA topoisomerase and farnesyl protein transferase. Psammaplin A is a PPARγ activator and induces apoptosis. Psammaplin A has antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Psammaplin A has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and inhibits DNA synthesis and DNA gyrase activity. Psammaplin A inhibits angiogenesis.
    Psammaplin A
  • HY-N6064
    Polygalacin D
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Polygalacin D (PGD) is a bioactive compound isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum with anticancer and anti-proliferative properties. PGD suppresses the expression of the IAP family of proteins including survivin, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 and blocks the PI3K/Akt pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of GSK3β, Akt and the expression of PI3K. Polygalacin D induces apoptosis
    Polygalacin D
  • HY-121618
    α-Thujone
    		Inducer 98.07%
    α-Thujone is a monoterpene isolated from Thuja occidentalis essential oil with potent anti-tumor activities. α-Thujone is a reversible modulator of the GABA type A receptor and the IC50 for α-Thujone is 21 μM in suppressing the GABA-induced currents. α-Thujone induces ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity, also induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. α-Thujone has antinociceptive, insecticidal, and anthelmintic activity, and can cross the blood-brain barrier.
    α-Thujone
  • HY-N5064
    Bacoside A3
    		Inhibitor 98.47%
    Bacoside A3 is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bacopa monnieri. Bacoside A3 has neuroprotective activity, downregulating β-amyloid-induced inflammatory responses and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. Bacoside A3 can be used in the study of Alzheimer's disease.
    Bacoside A3
  • HY-17507B
    Pantoprazole sodium hydrate
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Pantoprazole sodium hydrate (BY10232 sodium hydrate) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Pantoprazole sodium hydrate, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole sodium hydrate improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole sodium hydrate significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142).
    Pantoprazole sodium hydrate
  • HY-N2877
    Annonacin
    		Inducer
    Annonacin is an acetylgenin that is toxic by inhibiting the pathway of the mitochondrial complex. Annonacin increases tau phosphorylation in R406W+/+ mice. Annonacin acts as an inhibitor of the sodium/potassium and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA) ATPase pumps. Annonacin has significant killing effect on ovarian cancer cell, cervical cancer cell, breast cancer cell, bladder cancer cell and skin cancer cell. Annonacin induces apoptosis through Bax and Caspase-3-related pathways.
    Annonacin
  • HY-15881
    TCS JNK 5a
    		Inducer 99.40%
    TCS JNK 5a is a potent JNK3 inhibitor with a pIC50 of 6.7. TCS JNK 5a also inhibits JNK2 with a pIC50 of 6.5.
    TCS JNK 5a
  • HY-124113
    4'-Bromo-resveratrol
    		99.94%
    4'-Bromo-resveratrol is a potent and dual inhibitor Sirtuin-1 and Sirtuin-3. 4'-Bromo-resveratrol inhibits melanoma cell growth through mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming. 4'-Bromo-resveratrol imparts antiproliferative effects in melanoma cells through a metabolic reprogramming and affecting the cell cycle and apoptosis signaling.
    4'-Bromo-resveratrol
  • HY-13503
    Epothilone A
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Epothilone A is a competitive inhibitor of the binding of [3H] paclitaxel to tubulin polymers, with a Ki of 0.6-1.4 μM.
    Epothilone A
  • HY-N5106
    (E)-Flavokawain A
    		Inducer 99.79%
    (E)-Flavokawain A, a chalcone extracted from Kava, has anticarcinogenic effect. (E)-Flavokawain A induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cells by involvement of bax protein-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway and suppresses tumor growth in mice.
    (E)-Flavokawain A
  • HY-10261B
    (E/Z)-Afatinib
    		Inducer 99.98%
    (E/Z)-Afatinib ((E/Z)-BIBW 2992) is the mixture of (E)-Afatinib and (Z)-Afatinib. Afatinib (HY-10261) is an irreversible inhibitor of EGFR, by irreversibly binding to their ATP binding site to block activation of EGFR, HER2, HER4, and EGFRvIII. Afatinib used in co-administration with Temozolomide (HY-17364), potently targeting to EGFRvIII-cMet signaling in glioblastoma cells.
    (E/Z)-Afatinib
  • HY-125911
    Gossypin
    		Inducer 98.04%
    Gossypin is an orally active flavone isolated from Hibiscus vitifolius. Gossypin has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, anticataract, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective activities. Gossypin inhibits NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene expression. Gossypin inhibits AURKA and RSK2. Gossypin inhibits invasion and induces apoptosis. Gossypin can be used for gastric cancer study.
    Gossypin
  • HY-172202
    Clodronate liposomes
    		Inducer
    Clodronate liposomes, a mixture of Clodronate encapsulated by phospholipids, is a macrophage scavenger. Clodronate liposomes is engulfed by macrophages in the body. Under the action of lysosomal phosphatases in macrophages, Clodronate dissolved in liposomes will be gradually released and accumulated in cells. When a certain concentration is reached, macrophages will be irreversibly damaged and apoptosis will be induced.
    Clodronate liposomes
  • HY-12063
    PHT-427
    		Inducer 98.09%
    PHT-247 is an inhibitor of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Akt, and it is also an inhibitor of PDPK1 with Kis of 2.7 µM and 5.2 µM and for Akt and PDPK1, respectively.
    PHT-427
  • HY-117071
    Dabuzalgron
    		Activator 98.72%
    Dabuzalgron (Ro 115-1240) is an orally active and selective α-1A adrenergic receptor agonist for the treatment of urinary incontinence. Dabuzalgron protects against Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by preserving mitochondrial function.
    Dabuzalgron
  • HY-132242
    DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine
    		Inducer 99.90%
    DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine (SFN-NAC) is an orally active HDAC inhibitor and metabolite of sulforaphane (HY-13755) with longer half-life and better blood-brain barrier permeability. DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine activates autophagy-mediated downregulation of α-tubulin expression through the ERK pathway and can be used in cancer research.
    DL-Sulforaphane N-acetyl-L-cysteine
  • HY-13895
    WHI-P154
    		Inducer 98.77%
    WHI-P154 is a potent EGFR inhibitor, and also modestly blocks JAK3, with IC50s of 4 nM and 1.8 μM, respectively.
    WHI-P154
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity