2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-136268
    AQX-435
    		Activator 99.15%
    AQX-435 is a potent SHIP1 phosphatase activator. AQX-435 reduces PI3K activation downstream of the B-cell receptor (BCR) and induces apoptosis of malignant B cells, and reduces lymphoma growth.
    AQX-435
  • HY-137432B
    Avotaciclib hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.75%
    Avotaciclib (BEY1107) hydrochloride is an orally active cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitor. Avotaciclib hydrochloride can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Avotaciclib hydrochloride can be used in the research of cancer such as pancreatic cancer and lung cancer.
    Avotaciclib hydrochloride
  • HY-145729A
    Danvatirsen sodium
    Danvatirsen sodium is an antisense oligonucleotide targeting STAT3 with potential antitumor activity. Danvatirsen sodium binds to STAT3 mRNA, thereby inhibiting translation of the transcript. Suppression of STAT3 expression induces tumor cell apoptosis and decreases tumor cell growth.
    Danvatirsen sodium
  • HY-144661
    KRAS G12D inhibitor 14
    		Inducer 99.39%
    KRAS G12D inhibitor 14 is a potent KRAS G12D inhibitor with a KD of 33 nM for binding to KRAS G12D protein. KRAS G12D inhibitor 14 decreases the active form of KRAS G12D (KRAS G12D-GTP) but not KRAS G13D.
    KRAS G12D inhibitor 14
  • HY-103185
    CCPA
    		Inducer 99.77%
    CCPA (2-Chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine) a highly selective A1 adenosine receptors agonist with a Ki of 0.4 nM. CCPA selectively binds to adenosine A1 over adenosine A2 receptors (Ki of 3900 nM). CCPA is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc.
    CCPA
  • HY-B0302A
    Etidronic acid disodium
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Etidronic acid (Etidronate) disodium is an orally and intravenously active bisphosphonate. Etidronic acid disodium inhibits resorption of bone, reduces arterial calcification and can be used for osteoporosis research. Etidronic acid disodium has anticancer activity. Etidronic acid disodium is a chelating agent and can be used to remove heavy metal in water.
    Etidronic acid disodium
  • HY-76474A
    BAY 61-3606 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.98%
    BAY 61-3606 hydrochloride is an orally available, ATP-competitive, reversible and highly selective Syk inhibitor with a Ki of 7.5 nM and an IC50 of 10 nM . BAY 61-3606 hydrochloride reduces ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in neuroblastoma cell. BAY 61-3606 hydrochloride induces a large decrease of Syk phosphorylation in K-rn cell lysates. BAY 61-3606 hydrochloride sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis by downregulating Mcl-1 in breast cancer cells.
    BAY 61-3606 hydrochloride
  • HY-N2132
    Flavokawain B
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Flavokawain B (Flavokavain B) is an orally active chalcone. Flavokawain B results in activation of caspase-9, -3 and -8, cleavage of PARP. Flavokawain B down-regulates Bcl-2 with concomitant increase in Bax level. Flavokawain B inhibits NF-κB, PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathway. Flavokawain B exhibits Apoptotic effects. Flavokawain B inhibits MMP-9 and promotes ROS generation. Flavokawain B inhibits multiple tumors and inflammation.
    Flavokawain B
  • HY-130237
    Cinnamtannin B-1
    		Inducer
    Cinnamtannin B-1 is a anthocyanidin. Cinnamtannin B-1 inhibits the osteoclast formation by inhibiting NF-kB signaling pathway and ROS generation. Cinnamtannin B-1 exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Cinnamtannin B-1 is orally active.
    Cinnamtannin B-1
  • HY-20878
    Tyrphostin AG 879
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Tyrphostin AG 879 (AG 879) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits TrKA phosphorylation (IC50 of 10 μM), but not TrKB and TrKC. Tyrphostin AG 879 is also a selective ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor with an IC50 of 1 μM, and has at least 500-fold higher selectivity to ErbB2 than EGFR. Tyrphostin AG 879 has anticancer activity.
    Tyrphostin AG 879
  • HY-161302
    Polθ/PARP-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.08%
    Polθ/PARP-IN-1 (compound 25d) is a potent dual DNA polymerase theta (Polθ) and PARP inhibitor with IC50 values of 45.6, 5.4 nM, respectively. Polθ/PARP-IN-1 shows antiproliferative activity. Polθ/PARP-IN-1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, causes DNA damage. Polθ/PARP-IN-1 shows anti-tumor activity.
    Polθ/PARP-IN-1
  • HY-15162R
    Monomethyl auristatin E (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Monomethyl auristatin E (HY-15162). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Monomethyl auristatin E is a synthetic derivative of dolastatin 10 and functions as a potent mitotic inhibitor by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. MMAE is widely used as a cytotoxic component of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) against several different cancer types.
    Monomethyl auristatin E (Standard)
  • HY-10991
    MGCD-265 analog
    		Inducer 99.06%
    MGCD-265 analog is a potent and oral active inhibitor of c-Met and VEGFR2 tyrosine kinases, with IC50s of 29 nM and 10 nM, respectively. MGCD-265 analog has significant antitumor activity.
    MGCD-265 analog
  • HY-N5001
    Euphorbia Factor L2
    		Inducer 99.65%
    Euphorbia factor L2, a lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from caper euphorbia seed (the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L.), has been traditionally applied to treat cancer. Euphorbia factor L2 shows potent cytotoxicity and induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway.
    Euphorbia Factor L2
  • HY-B0093
    Benazepril
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Benazepril (CGS14824A free base) is an orally active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor to reduce angiotensin-II production. Benazepril inhibits oxidative stress and inhibits apoptosis by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Benazepril improves diabetic nephropathy and decreases proteinuria. Benazepril can be used in the study of hypertension, heart failure and diabetic nephropathy.
    Benazepril
  • HY-P2780
    Cathepsin B, Bovine spleen
    Cathepsin B, Bovine spleen is a cysteine protease and is involved in multiple kinds of programmed cell death (including apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death).
    Cathepsin B, Bovine spleen
  • HY-115403
    FKGK18
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    FKGK18 is a selective group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (GVIA iPLA2) inhibitor. FKGK18 is a fluoroketone (FK)-based compound with IC50s of 50 nM and 3 μM for iPLA2β and iPLA2γ. FKGK18 can be used for the research of beta-cell apoptosis and diabetes.
    FKGK18
  • HY-125956
    Aurkin A
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Aurkin A is an allosteric inhibitor for the interaction between Aurora A Kinase (also known also Aurka) and TPX2, through targeting the TPX2 binding sites with Kd of 3.77 μM. Aurkin A can disrupt polyploidy induced by Alisertib (HY-10971) and increase apoptosis of tumor cells. Aurkin A can be used in research on mitosis and cancer.
    Aurkin A
  • HY-163828
    PPA24
    		Inducer 98.09%
    PPA24 (commound 19a) is a PP2A activator. PPA24 can induce apoptosis and oxidative stress and reduce c-Myc expression levels. PPA24 can be used in anti-cancer research.
    PPA24
  • HY-N0701
    (-)-Asarinin
    		Inducer 99.90%
    (-)-Asarinin is a tetrahydrofurofurano lignan with various biological activities. (-)-Asarinin induces apoptosis in cancer cells. (-)-Asarinin promotes mitochondrial ROS accumulation, inhibits the STAT3 signaling pathway and induces apoptosis in precancerous cells. (-)-Asarinin is a Src family kinase inhibitor that suppresses mast cell activation. (-)-Asarinin is a non-competitive Δ5-desaturase inhibitor with a Ki of 0.28 mM. (-)-Asarinin possesses pain relief, anti-viral, anti-allergic and anti-tuberculous bacilli, and anti-tumor effects.
    (-)-Asarinin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity