2. Dye Reagents

Dye Reagents

A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.

A new approach is presented for analysis of microplastics in environmental samples, based on selective fluorescent staining using Nile Red (NR), followed by density-based extraction and filtration. The dye adsorbs onto plastic surfaces and renders them fluorescent when irradiated with blue light. Fluorescence emission is detected using simple photography through an orange filter. Image-analysis allows fluorescent particles to be identified and counted. Magnified images can be recorded and tiled to cover the whole filter area, allowing particles down to a few micrometres to be detected. The solvatochromic nature of Nile Red also offers the possibility of plastic categorisation based on surface polarity characteristics of identified particles. This article details the development of this staining method and its initial cross-validation by comparison with infrared (IR) microscopy. Microplastics of different sizes could be detected and counted in marine sediment samples. The fluorescence staining identified the same particles as those found by scanning a filter area with IR-microscopy.

Cyanine dyes can be used to quantify the amount of dsDNA within a sample. The linearity of fluorescence, as function of DNA amount of six dyes, is obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity at the optimal excitation and emission maxima.

Dye Reagents (2834):

Cat. No. Product Name CAS No. Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-D2582
    DMAO
    DMAO is a membrane-permeable DNA fluorescent dye stains live and dead bacteria. (Ex/Em = 490/540 nm).
    DMAO
  • HY-D2620
    CAR-2 3030055-40-1
    CAR-2 is a BODIPY-based photosensitizer that induces ferroptosis in photodynamic therapy (PDT) by targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplets (LDs). CAR-2 exhibits phototoxicity in breast cancer cells with IC50 of 0.01-0.02 μM. CAR-2 exhibits antitumor efficacy in 4T1 xenograft mouse models.
    CAR-2
  • HY-P2065
    Ac-VEID-AMC 219137-97-0
    Ac-VEID-AMC is a fluorescent substrate for the determination of caspase-6 and related cysteine protease activities (Ex=340-360 nm, Em=440-460 nm).
    Ac-VEID-AMC
  • HY-P2628
    Dabcyl-YVADAPV-EDANS 161877-70-9
    Dabcyl-YVADAPV-EDANS is a fluorogenic interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) substrate for measuring ICE-like protease activity. Dabcyl-YVADAPV-EDANS detects fluorescence at 360 nm excitation and 480 nm emission wavelengths. ICE-like protease is a critical mediator of K+ deprivation-induced apoptosis of cerebellar granule neurons.
    Dabcyl-YVADAPV-EDANS
  • HY-P3362
    Ac-IETD-AMC 348079-17-4
    Ac-IETD-AMC is a fluorogenic caspase-8/granzyme B substrate containing the acetyl (Ac) moiety. Ac-IETD-AMC is frequently used to measure caspase-8 activity.
    Ac-IETD-AMC
  • HY-P3475
    Mca-VDQMDGW-K(Dnp)-NH2
    Mca-VDQMDGWK-(Dnp)-NH2 is a fluorogenic substrate for caspase-3 and can be used to quantify caspase-3 activity.
    Mca-VDQMDGW-K(Dnp)-NH2
  • HY-P3484
    Dnp-PLGLWA-DArg-NH2 TFA
    Dnp-PLGLWA-DArg-NH2 TFA is a fluorogenic substrate for MMP-1 and MMP-9. Dnp-PLGLWA-DArg-NH2 TFA can be used to quantify the activity of MMPs (Ex=280 nm, Em=360 nm).
    Dnp-PLGLWA-DArg-NH2 TFA
  • HY-P3791
    N-Succinyl-Ile-Ile-Trp-AMC 133525-12-9
    N-Succinyl-Ile-Ile-Trp-AMC is a peptide-based fluorescent substrate or probe for carboxypeptidase Y (CPY).
    N-Succinyl-Ile-Ile-Trp-AMC
  • HY-101013
    D-SNAP 79032-48-7
    D-SNAP (S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine) can Generate nitric oxide and form superoxides spontaneously under physiological conditions and is often used to probe the cell stress response and stimulate calcium-independent synaptic vesicle release.
    D-SNAP
  • HY-103684
    RT-NH2 2321343-06-8
    RT-NH2 is a RealThiol prototype without the carboxylic acid groups. RT-NH2 is fairly hydrophobic and cannot distribute in the nucleus, which is a hallmark of protein binding for fluorescent probe.
    RT-NH2
  • HY-107864
    Erythrosine B free acid 15905-32-5
    Erythrosine B free acid is a visibly red dye with colorimetric and fluorescent properties that serves as an important dye for many Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Erythrosine B free acid can be used for live/dead determination in both colorimetric and fluorescence-based assays for low, medium and high-throughput experimentation.
    Erythrosine B free acid
  • HY-112526
    Thiofluor 623 1004324-99-5
    Thiofluor 623 (Compound 3) is a fluorescent turn-on probe that can be used for the selective sensing and bioimaging of thiols. Thiofluor 623 displays excellent immunity to interference from nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles. Thiofluor 623 is essentially nonfluorescent in the absence of thiols, which cleave the probe and release the red-emissive donor-acceptor fluorophore (Ex=563 nm, Em=623 nm).
    Thiofluor 623
  • HY-113823
    Naphthol AS-G 91-96-3
    Naphthol AS-G is an active compound. Naphthol ASG can be used for a series of synthetic organic pigments (SOP’s) research.
    Naphthol AS-G
  • HY-114350
    BDP FL maleimide 773859-49-7
    BDP FL maleimide is a thiol-reactive dye (Ex: 503 nm; Em: 509 nm). BDP FL maleimide can be used for protein labeling, peptide modification, and can replace fluorescein (FAM) for microscopy.
    BDP FL maleimide
  • HY-114352
    BODIPY FL-X 217190-07-3
    BODIPY FL-X is a green-fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL-X has the succinimidyl ester covalently coupled to proteins. BODIPY FL-X has high fluorescence quantum yield and is relatively insensitive to pH change. (λex=504 nm, λem=510 nm).
    BODIPY FL-X
  • HY-114958
    RH 421 107610-19-5
    RH 421 is a voltage-sensitive styryl dye that can penetrate through the lipid bilayers. RH 421 is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase.
    RH 421
  • HY-115692
    2-Coumaranone-1-L 1887057-34-2
    2-Coumaranone-1-L serves as a chemiluminescent probe. Under alkaline conditions and in the presence of oxygen, 2-Coumaranone-1-L is capable of undergoing chemiluminescence, which enables its application as a chemiluminescent substrate in biochemical assays. 2-Coumaranone-1-L exhibits its maximum emission wavelength at 442 nm. 2-Coumaranone-1-L is utilized in research within the realm of bioanalysis.
    2-Coumaranone-1-L
  • HY-118213
    N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,8-naphthalimide 5450-40-8
    N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,8-naphthalimide is a fluorescent probe for detecting nucleic acids and their precursors. The fluorescence of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,8-naphthalimide will be quenched by these molecules.
    N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,8-naphthalimide
  • HY-120317
    CPTH2-Alkyne 1613116-16-7
    CPTH2-Alkyne is a cell active analog of CPTH2 (HY-W013274). CPTH2-Alkyne specifically accumulates in nucleoli and locates in nuclear periphery and in cytoplasma. CPTH2-Alkyne inhibits N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10). CPTH2-Alkyne is used in study of nuclear architecture and application in laminopathy.
    CPTH2-Alkyne
  • HY-120971
    N-Decanoyl p-Nitroaniline 72298-63-6
    N-Decanoyl p-nitroaniline (DepNA) is one of several nitroaniline fatty acid amides which can be used to measure fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity.1 FAAH is a relatively unselective enzyme in that it accepts a variety of amide head groups other than the ethanolamine of its endogenous substrate anandamide (AEA). It also will hydrolyze fatty acid amides with fewer carbons and fewer double bonds than arachidonate. Exposure of DepNA to FAAH activity results in the release of the yellow colorimetric dye p-nitroaniline (ε=13,500 at 410 nm). This allows the fast and convenient measurement of FAAH activity using a 96 well plate spectrophotometer.
    N-Decanoyl p-Nitroaniline