2. Anti-infection NF-κB Metabolic Enzyme/Protease Immunology/Inflammation Epigenetics
  3. Bacterial Parasite Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Protein Arginine Deiminase
  4. Hydroquinine

Hydroquinine  (Synonyms: Dihydroquinine)

Cat. No.: HY-42034 Purity: 99.84%
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Hydroquinine (Dihydroquinine) is an anti-bacterial agent that inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hydroquinine inhibits the growth of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa via the suppression of the arginine deiminase pathway genes. Hydroquinine inhibits Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei. Hydroquinine displays anti-malarial and demelanizing activities. Hydroquinine effectively induces specific RND-type efflux pump systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly the MexCD-OprJ and MexXY efflux pumps. Hydroquinine inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and biofilm formation. Hydroquinine serves as a precursor for derivatives such as C9 epihydroquinine, 9-acetoxy-10,11-dihydroquinine, and 10,11-dihydroquinine monohydrochloride.

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Hydroquinine

Hydroquinine Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 522-66-7

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO In-stock
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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Hydroquinine:

Hydroquinine Related Antibodies

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Description

Hydroquinine (Dihydroquinine) is an anti-bacterial agent that inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Hydroquinine inhibits the growth of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa via the suppression of the arginine deiminase pathway genes. Hydroquinine inhibits Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei. Hydroquinine displays anti-malarial and demelanizing activities. Hydroquinine effectively induces specific RND-type efflux pump systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, particularly the MexCD-OprJ and MexXY efflux pumps. Hydroquinine inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and biofilm formation. Hydroquinine serves as a precursor for derivatives such as C9 epihydroquinine, 9-acetoxy-10,11-dihydroquinine, and 10,11-dihydroquinine monohydrochloride[1][2][3].

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
HepG2 CC50
> 100 μM
Compound: 4
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by Alamar Blue assay
[PMID: 30779564]
MES-SA IC50
48 μM
Compound: 1; HQ
Cytotoxicity against human MES-SA cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 144 hrs by fluorescence microplate reader assay
Cytotoxicity against human MES-SA cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 144 hrs by fluorescence microplate reader assay
[PMID: 35640378]
MES-SA/Dx5 IC50
47 μM
Compound: 1; HQ
Cytotoxicity against multidrug resistance human MES-SA/Dx5 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 144 hrs by fluorescence microplate reader assay
Cytotoxicity against multidrug resistance human MES-SA/Dx5 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition incubated for 144 hrs by fluorescence microplate reader assay
[PMID: 35640378]
In Vitro

Hydroquinine (0.25-10 mg/mL, 16-20 h) inhibits and kills gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (PA-27853, PA-S1, PA-S2, PA-S3, PA-S4, PA-S5, PA-S6, S. aureus ATCC25923, S. aureus ATCC29213, E. cloacae ATCC2341, E. coli ATCC2452, E. coli ATCC25922, K. pneumoniae ATCC1705, P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-2108 and P. aeruginosa ATCC27853) at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 1.25 and 5.00 mg/mL, respectively[1][2].
Hydroquinine (16-20 h) shows notable partial synergistic effects with Ceftazidime (HY-B0593) (fractional inhibitory concentration index (∑FICI) of 0.750 and 0.625 against clinical MDR P. aeruginosa strains PA-S4 and PA-S5, respectively)[1].
Hydroquinine (1.25-1.5 mg/mL, 1 h) inhibits P. aeruginosa growth through decreased expression of ADI-pathway related genes and decreased expression levels of adhesion-related genes[1][3].
Hydroquinine (0.625-5 mg/mL, 0-8 h) kills P. aeruginosa ATCC27853 and ATCC BAA-2108, achieving 20-40% killing at 0.5 × MIC, approximately 50% at MIC, and 90% at MBC after 4 hours[2].
Hydroquinine (1.25 mg/mL, 1 h) significantly upregulates RND-type efflux pump genes in P. aeruginosa ATCC27853[2].
Hydroquinine (1.25-2.5 mg/mL, 6-24 h) exhibits inhibitory activity comparable to multipurpose solutions (MPSs) and, in combination, damages cell structure while demonstrating anti-adhesion efficacy[3].
Hydroquinine (0-50 µM, 24-72 h) inhibits Toxoplasma gondii RH-RFP tachyzoite growth, with IC50 values of 0.63, 0.68, and 0.0014 µM after 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively[4].
Hydroquinine (6.25-50 µM) inhibits tachyzoite infection and replication in a dose-dependent manner, reducing parasitophorous vacuole (PV) formation at 6.25 µM and further decreasing tachyzoite replication at 50 µM[4].
Hydroquinine (6.25-50 µM, 105 min) induces reactive oxygen species generation in Toxoplasma gondii[4].
Hydroquinine (6.25-50 µM, 8 h) causes mitochondrial membrane damage in Toxoplasma gondii but not of the host cells[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Hydroquinine Related Antibodies

Real Time qPCR[1]

Cell Line: PA-27853, PA-S4 and PA-S5
Concentration: 1.5 mg/mL
Incubation Time: 1 h
Result: Decreased the mRNA expression of the arcA, arcB, arcC, and arcD genes to 0.56, 0.37, 0.51, and 0.50-fold in PA-27853, respectively.
Downregulated the mRNA expression of the arcA, arcB, arcC, and arcD genes to 0.02, 0.05, 0.53, and 0.17-fold in PA-S4, respectively.
Downregulated the mRNA expression of the arcA, arcB, arcC, and arcD genes to 0.03, 0.40, 0.07, and 0.41-fold in PA-S5, respectively.

Real Time qPCR[2][3]

Cell Line: ATCC27853
Concentration: 1.25 mg/mL
Incubation Time: 1 h
Result: Upregulated the mRNA expression of the MexC, MexD, OprJ, MexX, and MexY, with Log2-fold changes of 9.47, 6.27, 6.02, 5.26, and 4.90, respectively.
Reduced the mRNA expressions of cgrC, cheY, cheZ, fimU, and pilV genes of 0.05, 0.16, 0.17, 0.13, and 0.18-fold, respectively.
Molecular Weight

326.44

Formula

C20H26N2O2
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

CC[C@@H]1[C@@H]2C[C@H]([N@](C1)CC2)[C@H](O)C3=CC=NC4=CC=C(OC)C=C43
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (306.34 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.0633 mL 15.3168 mL 30.6335 mL
5 mM 0.6127 mL 3.0633 mL 6.1267 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

  • Molarity Calculator

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass
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Concentration
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Volume
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Molecular Weight *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (9.96 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (32.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (9.96 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (32.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

g

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
Tween-80 +
%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.84%

SDS (557 KB)

COA (252 KB) HNMR (136 KB) LCMS (93 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 3.0634 mL 15.3168 mL 30.6335 mL 76.5838 mL
5 mM 0.6127 mL 3.0634 mL 6.1267 mL 15.3168 mL
10 mM 0.3063 mL 1.5317 mL 3.0634 mL 7.6584 mL
15 mM 0.2042 mL 1.0211 mL 2.0422 mL 5.1056 mL
20 mM 0.1532 mL 0.7658 mL 1.5317 mL 3.8292 mL
25 mM 0.1225 mL 0.6127 mL 1.2253 mL 3.0634 mL
30 mM 0.1021 mL 0.5106 mL 1.0211 mL 2.5528 mL
40 mM 0.0766 mL 0.3829 mL 0.7658 mL 1.9146 mL
50 mM 0.0613 mL 0.3063 mL 0.6127 mL 1.5317 mL
60 mM 0.0511 mL 0.2553 mL 0.5106 mL 1.2764 mL
80 mM 0.0383 mL 0.1915 mL 0.3829 mL 0.9573 mL
100 mM 0.0306 mL 0.1532 mL 0.3063 mL 0.7658 mL
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Hydroquinine Related Classifications

Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Hydroquinine522-66-7DihydroquinineBacterialParasiteReactive Oxygen Species (ROS)Protein Arginine DeiminasePeptidylarginine DeiminaseGram-positive bacteriaGram-negative bacteriacinchona alkaloidInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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