2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

Endogenous Metabolite

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Metabolite results when a drug is metabolized into a modified form which continues to produce effects. A metabolome in a given body fluid is influenced by endogenous factors such as age, sex, body composition and genetics as well as underlying pathologies.The levels of the enormous array of unique small-molecule metabolites are usually kept tightly regulated by the activity of a very large array of enzymes and transporters responsible for the production, transformation, degradation, and compartmentalization of these small molecules.The levels of the endogenous small molecules present in the brain are normally tightly regulated.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-13715B
    Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate
    		99.96%
    Norepinephrine (Levarterenol; L-Noradrenaline) bitartrate monohydrate is a potent adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist. Norepinephrine activates α1, α2, β1 receptors.
    Norepinephrine bitartrate monohydrate
  • HY-W010382
    Oxaloacetic acid
    		99.88%
    Oxaloacetic acid (2-Oxosuccinic acid) is a metabolic intermediate involved in several ways, such as citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis, whereby Oxaloacetic acid facilitates the clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves mitochondrial function.
    Oxaloacetic acid
  • HY-A0132
    N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
    		99.20%
    N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (N-Acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose), the D isomer of N-acetylglucosamine, is an orally active monosaccharide derivative of glucose with anti-tumor and anti-inflammation properties. N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine is also a bacterial metabolite, which is found in Escherichia coli. N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine can induce yeast-mycelial conversion in Candida albicans. N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine also enhances healing of cartilaginous injuries in rabbits.
    N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
  • HY-W004500
    All-trans-retinal
    		99.76%
    All-trans-retinal is an vitamin A metabolite in the retina, and is produced following photo-isomerization of the visual chromophore 11-cis-Retinal. All-trans-retinal is cleared from photoreceptors by ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA4) and all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH). All-trans-retinal induces Bax activation via DNA damage to mediate retinal cell apoptosis.
    All-trans-retinal
  • HY-112540B
    Acetoacetic acid sodium
    		≥98.0%
    Acetoacetic acid sodium is an oxidative stress inducer that affects the antioxidant enzyme system and lipoprotein metabolism. Acetoacetic acid sodium induces oxidative stress by decreasing the mRNA expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing MDA content, and inhibiting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly by downregulating apolipoprotein ApoB100, ApoE, and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), leading to triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes. Acetoacetic acid sodium can be used to study metabolic diseases.
    Acetoacetic acid sodium
  • HY-113485
    Melanin
    		≥99.0%
    Melanin is a unique pigment with myriad functions. It is multifunctional, providing defense against environmental stresses such as ultraviolet (UV) light, oxidizing agents and ionizing radiation.
    Melanin
  • HY-100196
    Pyrroloquinoline quinone
    		99.82%
    Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox co-factor, is an anionic, redox-cycling orthoquinone. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is isolated from cultures of methylotropic bacteria and tissues of mammals. Pyrroloquinoline quinone is an essential nutrient for mammals and is important for immune function.
    Pyrroloquinoline quinone
  • HY-N0171
    Beta-Sitosterol (purity>80%)
    		≥98.0%
    Beta-Sitosterol (purity>80%) includes β-sitosterol (≥80%), stigmasterol, campesterol and brassicasterol mainly. Beta-Sitosterol is a plant sterol. Beta-Sitosterol (purity>80%) interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation.
    Beta-Sitosterol (purity>80%)
  • HY-P0288
    [Leu5]-Enkephalin
    		99.85%
    [Leu5]-Enkephalin is a pentapeptide with morphine like properties. [Leu5]-Enkephalin is a five amino acid endogenous peptide that acts as an agonist at opioid receptors.
    [Leu5]-Enkephalin
  • HY-101884
    Biocytin
    		99.91%
    Biocytin is a conjugate of D-biotin and L-lysine, where the carboxylate of D-biotin is coupled with the -amine of L-lysine via a secondary amide bond. Biocytin is a classical neuroanatomical tracer commonly used to map brain connectivity. Biocytin is used as a versatile marker in anterograde, retrograde and intracellular neuroanatomical investigations and in biotinidase assays.
    Biocytin
  • HY-W012530
    Phenylpyruvic acid
    		99.93%
    Phenylpyruvic acid is a precursor of the antifungal compound phenyllactic acid. Phenylpyruvic acid can improve the antifungal activity of eight lactic acid bacterial strains through the addition into a dedined growth medium. Phenylpyruvic acid demonstrates improved inhibitory activity against fungal bread contaminants Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roqueforti. Phenylpyruvic acid affects enzyme activity of the pentose phosphate pathway involved in the oxidative phase in rat brain homogenates. Phenylpyruvic acid can reduce glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.
    Phenylpyruvic acid
  • HY-B0167
    Salicylic acid
    		98.42%
    Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid) inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity independently of transcription factor (NF-κB) activation.
    Salicylic acid
  • HY-Y1055
    Guanine
    		≥98.0%
    Guanine is one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Guanine is a purine derivative, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with conjugated double bonds. Guanine has the potential to serve as a large-capacity N pool. Guanine has cytotoxic, antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects.
    Guanine
  • HY-75161
    (-)-Menthol
    		99.79%
    (-)-Menthol is a key component of peppermint oil that binds and activates transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, to increase [Ca2+]i. Antitumor activity.
    (-)-Menthol
  • HY-W007376
    Indole-3-carboxaldehyde
    		99.96%
    Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-Formylindole), a banlangen extract, is the product of the oxidative degradation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by crude enzyme preparations from etiolated pea seedlings. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde is a biochemical used to prepare analogs of the indole phytoalexin cyclobrassinin. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde also enhances the epithelial barrier and anti-inflammatory activity in the intestinal tract.
    Indole-3-carboxaldehyde
  • HY-N0036
    Costunolide
    		99.69%
    Costunolide ((+)-Costunolide) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, bone remodeling, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Costunolide can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on breast cancer cells.
    Costunolide
  • HY-N0411
    β-Carotene
    		99.01%
    β-Carotene (Provitamin A), a carotenoid compound, is a naturally-occurring vitamin A precursor. β-Carotene is a modulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), with antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. β-Carotene may serve as an antioxidant or as a prooxidant, depending on its intrinsic properties as well as on the redox potential of the biological environment in which it acts. β-Carotene induces breast cancer cells apoptosis, with anticancer activities.
    β-Carotene
  • HY-114364
    UDP-Galactose disodium
    		99.42%
    UDP-Galactose disodium is a natural agonist of the P2Y14 receptor with an EC50 of 0.67 μM for the hP2Y14 receptor. UDP-Galactose disodium is a substrate for the transferase beta-1, 4 galactosyltransferase V (B4GALT5). In addition, UDP-Galactose disodium is required for the biosynthesis of several abundant glycoconjugates that form the surface glycocalyx of Leishmania major.
    UDP-Galactose disodium
  • HY-Y0921
    (±)-1,2-Propanediol
    		99.98%
    (±)-1, 2-propanediol (1,2-(RS)-Propanediol) is an aliphatic alcohol that is often used as an excipient in many active molecular preparations to increase the solubility and stability of the active molecule. (±)-1, 2-propanediol can affect the neurobehavior of zebrafish.
    (±)-1,2-Propanediol
  • HY-N0680
    Thiamine hydrochloride
    		99.97%
    Thiamine hydrochloride (Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) is an essential micronutrient needed as a cofactor for many central metabolic enzymes.Thiamine hydrochloride activates NrF-2/HO-1 and inhibits TLR4, NF-κB. Thiamine hydrochloride has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Thiamine hydrochloride can be used in the studys of diabetic complications, neurological diseases, cancers, and colitis.
    Thiamine hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity