2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

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The p53 tumor suppressor is a principal mediator of growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in response to a broad array of cellular damage. p53 is a short-lived protein that is maintained at low, often undetectable, levels in normal cells. Under stress conditions, the p53 protein accumulates in the cell, binds in its tetrameric form to p53-response elements and induces the transcription of various genes.

MDM-2 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and MDM-2, in turn, inhibits p53 activity in several ways. MDM-2 binds to the p53 transactivation domain and thereby inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. MDM-2 also contains a signal sequence that is similar to the nuclear export signal of various viral proteins and, after binding to p53, it induces its nuclear export. As p53 is a transcription factor, it needs to be in the nucleus to be able to access the DNA; its transport to the cytoplasm by MDM-2 prevents this. Finally, MDM-2 is a ubiquitin ligase, so is able to target p53 for degradation by the proteasome.

In many tumors p53 is inactivated by the overexpression of the negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4 or by the loss of activity of the MDM2 inhibitor ARF. The pathway can be reactivated in these tumors by small molecules that inhibit the interaction of MDM2 and/or MDM4 with p53. Such molecules are now in clinical trials.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-156967
    BAY 1892005
    		Modulator 99.44%
    BAY 1892005 is a regulator of p53 protein and acts on p53 condensates without causing mutant p53 reactivation.
    BAY 1892005
  • HY-158968
    MMs02943764
    		Modulator 98.0%
    MMs02943764 is a 1,2,4-triazole derivative with anticancer activity. MMs02943764 has significant antiproliferative effects on multiple cancer cell lines. PAC, a structural analog of MMs02943764, has significant cytotoxicity against the leukemia cell line K562 (IC50=35.264 μM), reduces the degradation of p53 by inhibiting Mdm2 and Pirh2, and induces K562 cell cycle arrest.
    MMs02943764
  • HY-P1755F
    p53 (17-26), FITC labeled
    		98.31%
    p53 (17-26), FITC labeled is a biological active peptide.
    p53 (17-26), FITC labeled
  • HY-107566
    Conessine
    		Inhibitor 99.87%
    Conessine is an orally active and BBB-penetrable selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist. The pKi values of Conessine for rat and human H3 receptors are 7.61 and 8.27, respectively. Conessine is an inhibitor of the multidrug efflux pump system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and can enhance the activity of antibiotics. Conessine has antimalarial activity. Conessine can also be used in the research of muscle atrophy.
    Conessine
  • HY-19339
    Tenovin-3
    		p53 Activator 98.0%
    Tenovin-3 is a p53 activator.
    Tenovin-3
  • HY-W011434
    Triglycidyl isocyanurate
    		p53 Activator 99.56%
    Triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC; Teroxirone) is a triazene triepoxide with antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Triglycidyl isocyanurate inhibits the growth of non-small-cell-lung cancer cells via?p53 activation. Triglycidyl isocyanurate induces cell apoptosis. Triglycidyl isocyanurate can be used for cancer research.
    Triglycidyl isocyanurate
  • HY-148404
    p53 Activator 5
    		Activator 98.43%
    p53 Activator 5 (compound 134A) is a potent p53 activator with a SC150 value of <0.05 mM. p53 Activator 5 can bind to mutant p53 and restore the ability of the p53 mutant to bind DNA. p53 Activator 5 shows anti-tumor activity. p53 Activator 5 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    p53 Activator 5
  • HY-161254
    ATPase-IN-3
    		Activator 99.89%
    ATPase-IN-3 (compound 6) is a ATPase inhibitor. ATPase-IN-3 has Gastroprotective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcers by contribution of anti-apoptotic (BCL-2) and tumor suppressor (P53) proteins.
    ATPase-IN-3
  • HY-16942
    Damulin B
    		Inducer
    Damulin B is a dammarane-type saponin found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Damulin B can inhibit cancer cell apoptosis, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibit ROS production and cause G0/G1 phase arrest. Damulin B can prevent Cisplatin (HY-17394)-induced acute kidney injury and induce hair growth. Damulin B shows anti-inflammation anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effect. Damulin B can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation, metabolic disease, such as lung cancer, osteoarthritis and diabetes.
    Damulin B
  • HY-122753
    SLMP53-1
    		Activator 99.25%
    SLMP53-1 is a wild-type and mutant p53 reactivator with promising antitumor activity. SLMP53-1 mediates the reprograming of glucose metabolism in cancer cells. SLMP53-1 depletes angiogenesis, decreasing endothelial cell tube formation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels.
    SLMP53-1
  • HY-117857
    MRT00033659
    		p53 Activator 99.77%
    MRT00033659 is a potent broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor of CK1 (IC50=0.9 μM for CK1δ) and CHK1 (IC50=0.23 μM). MRT00033659, a pyrazolo-pyridine analogue, induces p53 pathway activation and E2F-1 destabilisation.
    MRT00033659
  • HY-W340839
    p53-MDM2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 99.91%
    p53-MDM2-IN-1 (Example 30) is an inhibitor of p53-MDM2/X protein interaction with an Ki value of 23.35 µM. p53-MDM2-IN-1 can be used for anti-tumor research.
    p53-MDM2-IN-1
  • HY-N0429
    Diosbulbin B
    		p53 Activator 99.90%
    Diosbulbin B, a diterpene lactone, is an anticancer agent. Diosbulbin B is an orally active component of Dioscorea. bulbifera L. Diosbulbin B can inhibit cell proliferation, induce G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. Diosbulbin B can induce autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Diosbulbin B can induce liver injury. Diosbulbin B can be used for the research of cancer, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    Diosbulbin B
  • HY-153767
    PK095
    		98.0%
    PK095 is a p53 mutant stabilizer. PK095 can be used for research of cancer.
    PK095
  • HY-116794
    SF5
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    SF5 (2,2-Diphenylethyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane analog. SF5 inhibits apoptosis by the JNK-p53-caspase pathway. SF5 can be used as a new renal protective agent for drug-resistant acute renal disease.
    SF5
  • HY-17412S1
    Minocycline-d6 sulfate
    		p53 Activator
    Minocycline-d6 sulfate is deuterated labeled Minocycline (HY-17412A). Minocycline is an orally active, potent and BBB-penetrated semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic. Minocycline is a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α inhibitor. Minocycline shows anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and glutamate antagonist effects. Minocycline reduces glutamate neurotransmission and shows neuroprotective properties and antidepressant effects. Minocycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding with the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect.
    Minocycline-d<sub>6</sub> sulfate
  • HY-N12233
    Condurango glycoside A
    		Activator
    Condurango glycoside A is an activator of p53. Condurango glycoside A initiates ROS generation and up-regulates p53 expression. Condurango glycoside A induces apoptosis and pre-mature senescence associated with DNA damage in HeLa cells.
    Condurango glycoside A
  • HY-W004702R
    Methyl methanesulfonate (Standard)
    		p53 Activator
    Methyl methanesulfonate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methyl methanesulfonate (HY-W004702). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methyl methanesulfonate is an alkylating agent which transfers methyl groups, and induces DNA damage. Methyl methanesulfonate is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
    Methyl methanesulfonate (Standard)
  • HY-15954B
    NVP-CGM097 sulfate
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 98.82%
    NVP-CGM097 sulfate is a potent and selective MDM2 inhibitor with IC50 of 1.7±0.1 nM for hMDM2.
    NVP-CGM097 sulfate
  • HY-18658A
    Siremadlin (R Enantiomer)
    		Control 99.19%
    Siremadlin R Enantiomer (NVP-HDM201 R Enantiomer) is the R enantiomer of Siremadlin. Siremadlin is a potent and highly specific MDM-2/p53 inhibitor.
    Siremadlin (R Enantiomer)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download MDM-2/p53 Signaling Pathway Map.

p53 is at the centre of biological interactions that translates stress signals into cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Upstream signaling to p53 increases its level and activates its function as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of stresses, whereas downstream components execute the appropriate cellular response. 

 

Cell Stress: p53 induction by acute DNA damage begins when DNA double-strand breaks trigger activation of ATM, a kinase that phosphorylates the CHK2 kinase, or when stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks recruit ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1. p53 is a substrate for both the ATM and ATR kinases, as well as for CHK1 and CHK2, which coordinately phosphorylate p53 to promote its stabilization. These phosphorylation events are important for p53 stabilization, as some of the modifications disrupt the interaction between p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. MDM2 and MDM4 bind to the transcriptional activation domains of p53, thereby inhibiting p53 transactivation function, and MDM2 has additional activity as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that causes proteasome-mediated degradation of p53. Phosphorylation also allows the interaction of p53 with transcriptional cofactors, which is ultimately important for activation of target genes and for responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl can also be activated by DNA damage. Then the JNK/p38 is activated and leads to p53 activation[1][2]. 

 

Oncogenic signaling: The response to oncogene activation depends on the binding of ARF to MDM2. ARF is normally expressed at low levels in cells. Inappropriately increased E2F or Myc signals, stemming from oncogene activation, leads to the increased expression of ARF, which inhibits MDM2 by blocking its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, uncoupling the p53-MDM2 interaction, thereby segregating it from nucleoplasmic p53[3].

 

The PI3K-Akt pathway activates MDM2 and increases the ubiquitination of p53. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Chène P, et al. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction: an important target for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Feb;3(2):102-9.
[2]. Brown CJ, et al. Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(12):862-73. 
[3]. Polager S, et al. p53 and E2f: partners in life and death. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Oct;9(10):738-48. doi: 10.1038/nrc2718.