2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

MDM-2/p53

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The p53 tumor suppressor is a principal mediator of growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in response to a broad array of cellular damage. p53 is a short-lived protein that is maintained at low, often undetectable, levels in normal cells. Under stress conditions, the p53 protein accumulates in the cell, binds in its tetrameric form to p53-response elements and induces the transcription of various genes.

MDM-2 is transcriptionally activated by p53 and MDM-2, in turn, inhibits p53 activity in several ways. MDM-2 binds to the p53 transactivation domain and thereby inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. MDM-2 also contains a signal sequence that is similar to the nuclear export signal of various viral proteins and, after binding to p53, it induces its nuclear export. As p53 is a transcription factor, it needs to be in the nucleus to be able to access the DNA; its transport to the cytoplasm by MDM-2 prevents this. Finally, MDM-2 is a ubiquitin ligase, so is able to target p53 for degradation by the proteasome.

In many tumors p53 is inactivated by the overexpression of the negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4 or by the loss of activity of the MDM2 inhibitor ARF. The pathway can be reactivated in these tumors by small molecules that inhibit the interaction of MDM2 and/or MDM4 with p53. Such molecules are now in clinical trials.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-148416
    p53 Activator 7
    		p53 Activator 98.52%
    p53 Activator 7 is a p53 mutation Y220C (MDM-2/p53) activator with an EC50 of 104 nM. p53 Activator 7 can bind to p53 mutant and restore its ability to bind DNA (WO2022213975A1; Example B-1). p53 Activator 7 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    p53 Activator 7
  • HY-12025
    Serdemetan
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 99.81%
    Serdemetan (JNJ-26854165) is a potent anticancer agent with radiosensitizing activity. Serdemetan exhibits antiproliferative activity in various p53 wild-type tumor cells. Serdemetan also antagonizes the Mdm2-HIF1α axis leading to decreased levels of glycolytic enzymes.
    Serdemetan
  • HY-N6771
    Cyclopiazonic acid
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Cyclopiazonic acid is an endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (ECAs) inhibitor and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) inhibitor (EC50 value of 4.13 μ M), which can reduce the antagonistic effect of 5-HT receptors in rat thoracic aorta, induce p53 dependent cell apoptosis and reproductive toxicity in mouse testes, and inhibit the biological activation of aflatoxin B[1][4][5].
    Cyclopiazonic acid
  • HY-124284
    Hexamethylene bisacetamide
    		Inhibitor 99.56%
    Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) is a differentiation inducer and selective bromine domain inhibitor that can differentiate across the blood-brain barrier. Hexamethylene bisacetamide can induce tumor cell differentiation and inhibit cell proliferation, showing antitumor activity. Hexamethylene bisacetamide induces apoptosis by Notch1, Bcl-2 and p53 signaling pathways. In addition, Hexamethylene bisacetamide improves the obesity phenotype of mice.
    Hexamethylene bisacetamide
  • HY-19980A
    PRIMA-1
    		p53 Activator ≥98.0%
    PRIMA-1 (NSC-281668) is a mutant p53 reactivator, restores the sensitivity of TP53 mutant-type thyroid cancer cells to the histone methylation inhibitor 3-Deazaneplanocin A.
    PRIMA-1
  • HY-115385
    Lumichrome
    		Activator 99.72%
    Lumichrome, a photodegradation product of Riboflavin, is an endogenous compound in humans. Lumichrome inhibits human lung cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis via a p53-dependent mechanism. Lumichrom is the inhibitor for AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway.
    Lumichrome
  • HY-N0068
    Solasodine
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 99.54%
    Solasodine (Purapuridine) is a steroidal alkaloid that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine induces apoptosis by inhibiting the p53-MDM2 complex, p21Waf1/Cip1, and Bcl-2 proteins. Solasodine has neuroprotective, antifungal, hypotensive, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, antiandrogenic and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Solasodine
  • HY-18986
    SAR405838
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 99.19%
    SAR405838 (MI-77301), an analog of MI-773, is a highly potent and selective MDM2-p53 interaction inhibitor. SAR405838 binds to MDM2 with a Ki of 0.88 nM. SAR405838 induces apoptosis and has potent antitumor activity.
    SAR405838
  • HY-B0294
    Flubendazole
    		Activator 99.33%
    Flubendazole is an anthelmintic drug based on altering microtubule structure, inhibition of tubulin polymerization and disruption of microtubule function. Flubendazole induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC) by blocking the STAT3 signaling axis and activation of autophagy. Flubendazole induces P53 expression and reduced Cyclin B1 and p-cdc2 expression. Flubendazole is an antitumor agent. Flubendazole can be used for worm and intestinal parasites.
    Flubendazole
  • HY-15954
    NVP-CGM097
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 98.06%
    NVP-CGM097 is a potent and selective MDM2 inhibitor with IC50 of 1.7±0.1 nM for hMDM2.
    NVP-CGM097
  • HY-148409
    MMRi62
    		Inhibitor 99.58%
    MMRi62, a ferroptosis inducer targeting MDM2-MDM4 (negative regulators of tumor suppressor p53). MMRi62 shows a P53-independent pro-apoptotic activity against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and induce autophagy. MMRi62 inducesferroptosis, resulting in a increase of reactive oxygen and lysosomal degradation of ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). MMRi62 also leads to proteasomal degradation of mutant p53, also inhibits orthotopic xenograft PDAC mouse model in vivo with high frequency mutation characteristics of KRAS and TP53.12.
    MMRi62
  • HY-110182
    SP-141
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 99.94%
    SP-141 is a specific inhibitor of MDM2. SP-141 promotes MDM2 auto-ubiquitination and degradation. SP-141 might be used for the research of pancreatic cancer and breast cancer cells.
    SP-141
  • HY-108637
    PhiKan 083
    		p53 Activator 98.93%
    PhiKan 083 is a carbazole derivative, which binds to the surface cavity and stabilizes Y220C (a p53 mutant), with a Kd of 167 μM. PhiKan 083 can be used for cancer research.
    PhiKan 083
  • HY-18343A
    CP-31398 dihydrochloride
    		p53 Activator 99.63%
    CP-31398 dihydrochloride stabilizes the active conformation of p53 and promotes p53 activity in cancer cell lines with mutant or wild-type p53.
    CP-31398 dihydrochloride
  • HY-110088
    SCH529074
    		Activator 99.73%
    SCH529074 is a potent and orally active p53 activator. SCH529074 binds specifically and conformation-dependently to p53 DBD ( DNA binding domain) with a Ki of 1-2 μM in a saturable manner. SCH529074 restores mutant p53 function and interrupts HDM2-mediated ubiquitination of wild Type p53. SCH529074 can be used for the study of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
    SCH529074
  • HY-101666
    HBX 41108
    		99.61%
    HBX 41108 is an inhibitor of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) with an IC50 of 424 nM. HBX 41108 inhibits USP7-mediated p53 deubiquitination to stabilize p53 and inhibits cancer cell growth. BX 41108 can be used in cancer and diabetes research.
    HBX 41108
  • HY-108639
    MIRA-1
    		p53 Activator 99.76%
    MIRA-1 is a maleimide analogue. MIRA-1 can induce apoptosis in mutant p53 cells via restoration of p53-dependent transcriptional transactivation. MIRA-1 has anticancer activity.
    MIRA-1
  • HY-125858
    MI-1061
    		MDM2 Inhibitor 99.72%
    MI-1061 is a potent, orally bioavailable, and chemically stable MDM2 (MDM2-p53 interaction) inhibitor (IC50=4.4 nM; Ki=0.16 nM). MI-1061 potently activates p53 and induces apoptosis in the SJSA-1 xenograft tumor tissue in mice. Anti-tumor activity.
    MI-1061
  • HY-W042191
    Oxychlororaphine
    		Inducer 98.90%
    Oxychloroaphine could be isolated from the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans naturally present in soil. Oxychloroaphine has broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Oxychloroaphine has cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner and induces apoptosis. Oxychloroaphine can be used in research of cancer.
    Oxychlororaphine
  • HY-100475
    KYP-2047
    		p53 Activator 99.93%
    KYP-2047 is a potent and BBB-penetrating prolyl-oligopeptidase (POP) inhibitor, with an Ki value of 0.023 nM. KYP-2047 reduces glioblastoma proliferation through angiogenesis and apoptosis modulation.
    KYP-2047
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download MDM-2/p53 Signaling Pathway Map.

p53 is at the centre of biological interactions that translates stress signals into cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Upstream signaling to p53 increases its level and activates its function as a transcription factor in response to a wide variety of stresses, whereas downstream components execute the appropriate cellular response. 

 

Cell Stress: p53 induction by acute DNA damage begins when DNA double-strand breaks trigger activation of ATM, a kinase that phosphorylates the CHK2 kinase, or when stalled or collapsed DNA replication forks recruit ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1. p53 is a substrate for both the ATM and ATR kinases, as well as for CHK1 and CHK2, which coordinately phosphorylate p53 to promote its stabilization. These phosphorylation events are important for p53 stabilization, as some of the modifications disrupt the interaction between p53 and its negative regulators MDM2 and MDM4. MDM2 and MDM4 bind to the transcriptional activation domains of p53, thereby inhibiting p53 transactivation function, and MDM2 has additional activity as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that causes proteasome-mediated degradation of p53. Phosphorylation also allows the interaction of p53 with transcriptional cofactors, which is ultimately important for activation of target genes and for responses such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis and senescence. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl can also be activated by DNA damage. Then the JNK/p38 is activated and leads to p53 activation[1][2]. 

 

Oncogenic signaling: The response to oncogene activation depends on the binding of ARF to MDM2. ARF is normally expressed at low levels in cells. Inappropriately increased E2F or Myc signals, stemming from oncogene activation, leads to the increased expression of ARF, which inhibits MDM2 by blocking its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, uncoupling the p53-MDM2 interaction, thereby segregating it from nucleoplasmic p53[3].

 

The PI3K-Akt pathway activates MDM2 and increases the ubiquitination of p53. 

 

Reference:
[1]. Chène P, et al. Inhibiting the p53-MDM2 interaction: an important target for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Feb;3(2):102-9.
[2]. Brown CJ, et al. Awakening guardian angels: drugging the p53 pathway. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(12):862-73. 
[3]. Polager S, et al. p53 and E2f: partners in life and death. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Oct;9(10):738-48. doi: 10.1038/nrc2718.