1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  3. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-135890
    CG347B
    Inhibitor 98.07%
    CG347B is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, also involves in synthesis of other metalloenzyme inhibitors. HDAC6 inhibitors can be used for oncology, immunology, and neurology research.
    CG347B
  • HY-16012
    Domatinostat tosylate
    Inhibitor 99.66%
    Domatinostat tosylate (4SC-202) is a selective class I HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 1.20 μM, 1.12 μM, and 0.57 μM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. It also displays inhibitory activity against Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1).
    Domatinostat tosylate
  • HY-123976
    MPT0G211
    Inhibitor 99.79%
    MPT0G211 is a potent, orally active and selective HDAC6 inhibitor (IC50=0.291 nM). MPT0G211 displays >1000-fold selective for HDAC6 over other HDAC isoforms. MPT0G211 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. MPT0G211 ameliorates tau phosphorylation and cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer’s disease model. MPT0G211 has anti-metastatic and neuroprotective effects. Anticancer activities.
    MPT0G211
  • HY-145426
    MPT0B390
    Inhibitor 98.76%
    MPT0B390 is an arylsulfonamide-based derivative with potent HDAC inhibitory ability. MPT0B390, TIMP3 inducer, inhibits tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. MPT0B390 shows antiproliferative activity against human colon cancer cell line HCT116 with the GI50 of 0.03 μM.
    MPT0B390
  • HY-B1505
    Acefylline
    99.52%
    Acefylline, a xanthine derivative, is an adenosine receptor antagonist. Acefylline is a peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) activator. Acefylline is also a bronchodilator and cardiac stimulant that inhibits rat lung cAMP phosphodiesterase isoenzymes. Acefylline can be used in asthma research.
    Acefylline
  • HY-P2462
    Ac-Arg-Gly-Lys(Ac)-AMC
    99.27%
    Ac-Arg-Gly-Lys(Ac)-AMC is a substrate for HDAC.
    Ac-Arg-Gly-Lys(Ac)-AMC
  • HY-107549
    KD 5170
    Inhibitor 98.13%
    KD 5170 is a pan inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and exhibits broad spectrum antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.
    KD 5170
  • HY-145815A
    JPS014 TFA
    Degrader 98.40%
    JPS014 TFA is a benzamide-based Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3-ligase proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC). JPS014 TFA degrades class I histone deacetylase (HDAC). JPS014 TFA is potent HDAC1/2 degrader correlated with greater total differentially expressed genes and enhanced apoptosis in HCT116 cells.
    JPS014 TFA
  • HY-161149
    CM-1758
    Inhibitor 98.44%
    CM-1758 is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. CM-1758 inhibits tumor growth in vivo. CM-1758 induces acetylation of non-histone proteins in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
    CM-1758
  • HY-B0246R
    Carbamazepine (Standard)
    Inhibitor
    Carbamazepine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carbamazepine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carbamazepine is an orally active pressure-sensitive sodium ion channel blocker with an IC50 of 131 μM. Carbamazepine blocks voltage gated Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels, and is also a HDAC inhibitor (IC50: 2 μM). Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and can be used for research of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
    Carbamazepine (Standard)
  • HY-117709
    BRD6688
    Inhibitor 98.90%
    BRD6688 is a selective HDAC2 inhibitor. BRD6688 increases H4K12 and H3K9 histone acetylation in primary mouse neuronal cells. BRD6688 crosses the blood brain barrier and rescues the memory defects associated with p25 induced neurodegeneration in contextual fear conditioning in a CK-p25 mouse model.
    BRD6688
  • HY-12310
    RSC133
    Inhibitor 98.45%
    RSC133 exhibits dual activity by inhibiting histone deacetylase and DNA methyltransferase. RSC133 effectively facilitates reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells and supports the maintenance of an undifferentiated state of human pluripotent stem cells.
    RSC133
  • HY-10224A
    Panobinostat lactate
    Inhibitor 98.67%
    Panobinostat lactate is a potent and orally active non-selective HDAC inhibitor. Panobinostat lactate has antineoplastic activities. Panobinostat lactate effectively disrupts HIV latency. Panobinostat lactate induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Panobinostat lactate can be used for the study of refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma.
    Panobinostat lactate
  • HY-106409
    Tefinostat
    Inhibitor 99.65%
    Tefinostat (CHR-2845) is a monocyte/macrophage targeted histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Tefinostat can be cleaved into active acid CHR-2847 by the intracellular esterase human carboxylesterase-1 (hCE-1). Tefinostat can be used for the research of leukaemias.
    Tefinostat
  • HY-100384
    NKL 22
    Inhibitor
    NKL 22 (compound 4b) is a potent and selective inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDAC), with an IC50 of 199 and 69 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively. NKL 22 exhibits selectivity over HDAC2/4/5/7/8 (IC50≥1.59 μM). NKL 22 ameliorates the disease phenotype and transcriptional abnormalities in Huntington's disease transgenic mice.
    NKL 22
  • HY-124295
    Imofinostat
    Inhibitor 99.40%
    Imofinostat (ABT-301; MPT0E028) is an orally active and selective HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 53.0 nM, 106.2 nM, 29.5 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC6, respectively. Imofinostat has a weak inhibitory effect on HDAC8 (IC50 of 2.5 ​​μM), but no inhibitory effect on HDAC4 (IC50>10 μM). Imofinostat reduces the viability of B-cell lymphomas by inducing apoptosis and possesses potent direct Akt targeting ability and reduces Akt phosphorylation in B-cell lymphoma. Imofinostat has a broad-spectrum antitumor activity, including colorectal cancer, B-cell lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and pancreatic cancer, while also showing therapeutic potential in non-tumor diseases like emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis.
    Imofinostat
  • HY-114303
    CM-675
    Inhibitor 99.53%
    CM-675 is a dual phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and class I histone deacetylases-selective inhibitor, with IC50 values of 114 nM and 673 nM for PDE5 and HDAC1, respectively. CM-675 has potential to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
    CM-675
  • HY-160092A
    Martinostat hydrochloride
    Inhibitor 99.01%
    Martinostat hydrochloride is a HDAC inhibitor and can be labeled with radionuclides for quantitative imaging of HDACs in vivo in the central nervous system and major peripheral organs.
    Martinostat hydrochloride
  • HY-152134
    HDAC6 degrader-3
    Degrader 98.60%
    HDAC6 degrader-3 is a potent and selective HDAC6 degrader via ternary complex formation and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway with a DC50 value of 19.4 nM. HDAC6 degrader-3 has IC50s of 4.54 nM and 0.647 μM for HDAC6 and HDAC1, respectively. HDAC6 degrader-3 causes strong hyperacetylation of α-tubulin.
    HDAC6 degrader-3
  • HY-164099
    LSD1/HDAC6-IN-2
    Inhibitor 99.66%
    LSD1/HDAC6-IN-2 (JBI-802) is an orally active LSD1/HDAC6/MAO-A inhibitor, with IC50 values of 5 nM, 11 nM, and 5 nM, respectively. LSD1/HDAC6-IN-2 can inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma cells MM.1S, MM.1R, and RPMI-8226. LSD1/HDAC6-IN-2 can be used for research on diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia and lymphoma.
    LSD1/HDAC6-IN-2
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

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