1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  3. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-149766
    PB94
    Inhibitor
    PB94 is a selective HDAC11 inhibitor (IC50=108 nM). PB94 can be radiolabeled as [11C]-PB94 for use in positron emission tomography (PET), as well as brain uptake and metabolic properties in administered live animals. PB94 improves neuropathic pain in mice and could be used to study neurological indications.
    PB94
  • HY-135115
    Oleuropein Aglycone
    Inhibitor 98.46%
    Oleuropein Aglycone (3,4-DHPEA-EA) is a polyphenol and the aglycone form of oleuropein (HY-N0292), formed by enzymatic, acidic or acetylated hydrolysis of oleuropein. Dietary intake of oleuropein Aglycone (50 mg/kg diet) increases the number of neuronal autophagic vesicles, reverses cognitive deficits in the TgCRND8 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, and reduces the levels of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in the cortex and hippocampus. Oleuropein Aglycone increases urinary norepinephrine, interscapular brown adipose tissue epinephrine, and UCP1 protein levels, and reduced plasma leptin levels and total abdominal adipose tissue weight in a rat model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. Oleuropein Aglycone also reduced lung neutrophil infiltration, lipid peroxidation, and IL-1β levels in a mouse model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy.
    Oleuropein Aglycone
  • HY-123976
    MPT0G211
    Inhibitor 99.79%
    MPT0G211 is a potent, orally active and selective HDAC6 inhibitor (IC50=0.291 nM). MPT0G211 displays >1000-fold selective for HDAC6 over other HDAC isoforms. MPT0G211 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. MPT0G211 ameliorates tau phosphorylation and cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer’s disease model. MPT0G211 has anti-metastatic and neuroprotective effects. Anticancer activities.
    MPT0G211
  • HY-N7676
    Marein
    Inhibitor 99.71%
    Marein has the neuroprotective effect due to a reduction of damage to mitochondria function and activation of the AMPK signal pathway. Marein improves insulin resistance induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells through CaMKK/AMPK/GLUT1 to promote glucose uptake, through IRS/Akt/GSK-3β to increase glycogen synthesis, and through Akt/FoxO1 to decrease gluconeogenesis. Marein is a HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 100 μM. Marein has beneficial antioxidative, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and antidiabetic effects.
    Marein
  • HY-102033
    Oxamflatin
    Inhibitor 98.13%
    Oxamflatin (Metacept-3) is a potent HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 15.7 nM. Oxamflatin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Oxamflatin
  • HY-152134
    HDAC6 degrader-3
    Degrader 98.60%
    HDAC6 degrader-3 is a potent and selective HDAC6 degrader via ternary complex formation and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway with a DC50 value of 19.4 nM. HDAC6 degrader-3 has IC50s of 4.54 nM and 0.647 μM for HDAC6 and HDAC1, respectively. HDAC6 degrader-3 causes strong hyperacetylation of α-tubulin.
    HDAC6 degrader-3
  • HY-171140
    PROTAC HDAC6 degrader 3
    Degrader 99.81%
    PROTAC HDAC6 degrader 3 (Compound 4) is a selective inhibitor and degrader for HDAC6 with an IC50 of 686 nM and a DC50 of 171 nM. PROTAC HDAC6 degrader 3 promotes the acetylation of α-tubulin. (Pink: ligand for target protein (HY-171141); Blue: ligand for E3 ligase VHL (HY-150803))
    PROTAC HDAC6 degrader 3
  • HY-B0246R
    Carbamazepine (Standard)
    Inhibitor
    Carbamazepine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carbamazepine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carbamazepine is an orally active pressure-sensitive sodium ion channel blocker with an IC50 of 131 μM. Carbamazepine blocks voltage gated Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels, and is also a HDAC inhibitor (IC50: 2 μM). Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant and can be used for research of epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
    Carbamazepine (Standard)
  • HY-102083
    BRD4884
    Inhibitor 99.0%
    BRD4884 is a potent and brain-penetrant HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 29 nM, 62 nM, and 1090 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. BRD4884 can be used for the study of cognitive impairment.
    BRD4884
  • HY-18712
    BG45
    Inhibitor 99.95%
    BG45 is a potent HDAC3 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.289, 2, 2.2 and ﹥20 μM for HDAC3, HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC6, respectively. BG45 selectively targets multiple myeloma (MM) cells and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis.
    BG45
  • HY-100365
    Remetinostat
    Inhibitor 98.0%
    Remetinostat (SHP-141) is a hydroxamic acid-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Remetinostat alleviates Imiquimod (HY-B0180)-induced psoriatic dermatitis. Remetinostat can be used for study of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
    Remetinostat
  • HY-135890
    CG347B
    Inhibitor 98.07%
    CG347B is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor, also involves in synthesis of other metalloenzyme inhibitors. HDAC6 inhibitors can be used for oncology, immunology, and neurology research.
    CG347B
  • HY-16138A
    Ivaltinostat formic
    Inhibitor 98.26%
    Ivaltinostat (CG-200745) formic is an orally active, potent pan-HDAC inhibitor which has the hydroxamic acid moiety to bind zinc at the bottom of catalytic pocket. Ivaltinostat formic inhibits deacetylation of histone H3 and tubulin. Ivaltinostat formic induces the accumulation of p53, promotes p53-dependent transactivation, and enhances the expression of MDM2 and p21 (Waf1/Cip1) proteins. Ivaltinostat formic enhances the sensitivity of Gemcitabine-resistant cells to Gemcitabine (HY-16138) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU; HY-90006). Ivaltinostat formic induces apoptosis and has anti-tumour effects.
    Ivaltinostat formic
  • HY-145426
    MPT0B390
    Inhibitor 98.76%
    MPT0B390 is an arylsulfonamide-based derivative with potent HDAC inhibitory ability. MPT0B390, TIMP3 inducer, inhibits tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. MPT0B390 shows antiproliferative activity against human colon cancer cell line HCT116 with the GI50 of 0.03 μM.
    MPT0B390
  • HY-156274
    HDAC6-IN-23
    Inhibitor 99.61%
    HDAC6-IN-23 (compound 9) is an orally active HDAC6 inhibitor.
    HDAC6-IN-23
  • HY-P2462
    Ac-Arg-Gly-Lys(Ac)-AMC
    99.86%
    Ac-Arg-Gly-Lys(Ac)-AMC is a substrate for HDAC.
    Ac-Arg-Gly-Lys(Ac)-AMC
  • HY-W019710
    (E,E)-RGFP966
    Inhibitor 99.31%
    (E,E)-RGFP966 is a selective and CNS permeable HDAC3 inhibitor that can be used for the research of Huntington’s disease.
    (E,E)-RGFP966
  • HY-144782A
    HDAC10-IN-2 hydrochloride
    Inhibitor
    HDAC10-IN-2 hydrochloride (compound 10c) is a potent and highly selective HDAC10 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 20 nM. HDAC10-IN-2 hydrochloride modulates autophagy in aggressive FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia cells.
    HDAC10-IN-2 hydrochloride
  • HY-107549
    KD 5170
    Inhibitor 98.13%
    KD 5170 is a pan inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and exhibits broad spectrum antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.
    KD 5170
  • HY-119017
    SB-429201
    Inhibitor 98.15%
    SB-429201 is a potent and selective HDAC1 (IC50~1.5 μM). SB-429201 displays at least a 20-fold preference for HDAC1 inhibition over HDAC3 and HDAC8.
    SB-429201
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

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