2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0722R
    Neochlorogenic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Neochlorogenic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Neochlorogenic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Neochlorogenic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound found in dried fruits and other plants. Neochlorogenic acid inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Neochlorogenic acid suppresses iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Neochlorogenic acid also inhibits phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK activation.
    Neochlorogenic acid (Standard)
  • HY-N6257R
    Cafestol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Cafestol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cafestol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cafestol is an orally active diterpenoid and an inhibitor of ERK2. Cafestol has elevated blood lipids, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-diabetic activities. In addition, Cafestol induces tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy, which can be used in the study of cancer.
    Cafestol (Standard)
  • HY-130314
    PPHP
    PPHP is a substrate for the measurement of peroxidase enzymes. PPHP has been used to quantitate the peroxidase activity of COX-1 and COX-2.
    PPHP
  • HY-146294
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1 (compound 3a) is a potent and dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1 is a benzothiophen-2-yl pyrazole carboxylic acid derivative. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1 shows the most potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities surpassing that of Celecoxib and Indomethacin. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1 shows potent COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitory activity with IC50s of 12.13, 0.4 and 4.96 μM, respectively.
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-1
  • HY-W012399R
    2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (Standard)
    		Modulator
    2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (DTBHQ), the indirect food additive, regulates the activity of 5-lipoxygenase as well as the activity of COX-2 (IC50=1.8 and 14.1 μM for 5-LO and COX-2, respectively) [1].
    2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (Standard)
  • HY-169167
    COX-2-IN-49
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-49 (compound 6c) is a potent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.671 µM. COX-2-IN-49 shows antiproliferative activity. COX-2-IN-49 has the potential for the research of cancer.
    COX-2-IN-49
  • HY-14617R
    Paradol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Paradol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Paradol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Paradol is a pungent phenolic substance found in ginger and other Zingiberaceae plants. Paradol is an effective inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse skin carcinogenesis, binds to cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 active site.
    Paradol (Standard)
  • HY-14398G
    Celecoxib (GMP)
    		Inhibitor
    Celecoxib (GMP) is Celecoxib (HY-14398) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Celecoxib,a selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 40 nM.
    Celecoxib (GMP)
  • HY-149299
    PYZ18
    		Inhibitor
    PYZ18 is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.07 μM. PYZ18 is the best lead compound for COX-2 inhibitors. PYZ18 has anti-inflammatory and other biological properties.
    PYZ18
  • HY-120966
    NCX 2121
    		Inhibitor
    NCX 2121 (NO-indomethacin) is an anti-inflammatory agent. NCX 2121 inhibits PaCa-2 cells growth witn an IC50 of 82 μM.
    NCX 2121
  • HY-N1957R
    Gamma-Mangostin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Gamma-Mangostin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gamma-Mangostin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gamma-Mangostin is a novel competitive 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) receptor antagonist and potent epoxidase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, as well as a transthyroxin protein (TTR) profibrosis inhibitor. Gamma-Mangostin binds to the thyroxine (T4)-binding sites and stabilized the TTR tetramer. Gamma-Mangostin inhibits [3H] spiperone binding to cultured rat aortic myocytes (IC50=3.5 nM) and reduces The perfusion pressure response of rat coronary artery to 5-HT2A (IC50=0.32 μM). Gamma-Mangostin has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities, and can be used in the study of metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
    Gamma-Mangostin (Standard)
  • HY-136592
    1-Hydroxy-ibuprofen
    		Inhibitor
    1-Hydroxy Ibuprofen is a metabolite of Ibuprofen in P. australis. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    1-Hydroxy-ibuprofen
  • HY-N0222R
    Avicularin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Avicularin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Avicularin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Avicularin is an orally active flavonoid. Avicularin inhibits NF-κB (p65), COX-2 and PPAR-γ activities. Avicularin has anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious anti-allergic, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor activities.
    Avicularin (Standard)
  • HY-161862
    COX-2-IN-44
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-44 is a potent and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.18,1.14 µM for COX-2, COX-1, respectively. COX-2-IN-44 shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2-IN-44
  • HY-N3632
    Methoxycoronarin D
    		Inhibitor
    Methoxycoronarin D can be isolated from Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig and is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB with an IC50 value of 7.3 μM. Methoxycoronarin D is also a selective inhibitor of COX-1 with an IC50 value of 0.9 μM.
    Methoxycoronarin D
  • HY-W707708
    N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide-2,2,2-d3
    N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide-2,2,2-d3 is the deuterium labeled Phenacetin (HY-B0476). Phenacetin (Acetophenetidin) is a non-opioid analgesic/antipyretic agent. Phenacetin is a selective COX-3 inhibitor. Phenacetin is used as probe of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes and in rats.
    N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide-2,2,2-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-119274
    BN-82451 dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    BN-82451 dihydrochloride, an orally active and CNS-penetrated antioxidant and a multitargeting neuroprotective agent, exert a significant protection in experimental animal models mimicking aspects of cerebral ischemia, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, and more particularly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    BN-82451 dihydrochloride
  • HY-130310
    11(R)-HEDE
    		Inhibitor
    11(R)-HEDE is produced from 11Z,14Z-eicosadienoic acid by COX in a lipoxygenase-type reaction.1 Spectrophotometric measurement of the conjugated diene absorbance of 11(R)-HEDE is occasionally used to quantify COX activity.
    11(R)-HEDE
  • HY-10582S3
    Flurbiprofen-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Flurbiprofen-d4 is deuterated labeled Flurbiprofen (HY-10582). Flurbiprofen (dl-Flurbiprofen) is a potent, orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAIA/NSAID), with antipyretic and analgesic activities. Flurbiprofen is commonly used for the research of inflammatory diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Flurbiprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor that can be used for the research of colorectal cancer.
    Flurbiprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-147963
    COX-2-IN-24
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-24 is an orally active inhibitor of COX-2 with IC50 value of 0.17 μM, shows anti-inflammatory and low ulcerogenic activities.
    COX-2-IN-24
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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