2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-169103
    Neuroprotective agent 5
    		Inhibitor
    Neuroprotective agent 5 (compound 28) is a brain permeabilizing agent with anti-neuritis, anti-oxidative damage and neuroprotective effects. Neuroprotective agent 5 exhibits a potent NO inhibitory effect (EC50=0.49 μM), inhibits the release of proinflammatory factors PGE2 and TNF-α, downregulates the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, and promotes the polarization of BV-2 cells from the proinflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. In addition, Neuroprotective agent 5 can also inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and Aβ42 aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Neuroprotective agent 5 can be used for the study of Alzheimer's disease.
    Neuroprotective agent 5
  • HY-163888
    NO-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    NO-IN-1 (Compound 7a) inhibits the production of NO (IC50 = 3.13 μΜ). NO-IN-1 has anti-inflammatory effects. NO-IN-1 downregulates the expression of COX-2 and iNOS by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
    NO-IN-1
  • HY-149355
    COX-2-IN-33
    COX-2-IN-33 (compound 5f) is a COX-2 inhibitor (IC50=45.5 nM), as well as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. COX-2-IN-33 inhibits in vivo pro-inflammatory cytokine production and keep gastric safety.
    COX-2-IN-33
  • HY-107208R
    Procyanidol B4 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Procyanidol B4 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Procyanidol B4 (HY-107208). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Procyanidol B4 ((-)-Procyanidin B4) is an orally active polyphenol found in Q.gilva. Procyanidol B4 exerts antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH (HY-112053) (IC50: 12.15 μM) and Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) (HY-15925) (IC50: 8.67 μM). Procyanidol B4 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of COX-2 and IL-1β and iNOS .
    Procyanidol B4 (Standard)
  • HY-131626
    1a,1b-Dihomo prostaglandin E2
    		Inhibitor
    1a,1b-Dihomo Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid first identified in extracts of sheep vesicular gland microsomes, known to contain COX, incubated with adrenic acid. 1a,1b-Dihomo PGE2 has also been identified in conditioned media of RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with endotoxin and arachidonic acid. This product is thought to be produced by elongation of AA to adrenic acid, which is then metabolized sequentially by COX and PGE synthase.
    1a,1b-Dihomo prostaglandin E2
  • HY-154846
    4'-Aarboxylic acid imrecoxib
    		Inhibitor 99.29%
    4'-Aarboxylic acid imrecoxib is a metabolite of Imrecoxib, a selective COX-II inhibitor.
    4'-Aarboxylic acid imrecoxib
  • HY-B1279AS
    Metamizole-d3 sodium
    Metamizole-d3 sodium is the deuterium labeled Metamizole sodium. Metamizole sodium is a non-opioid compound with excellent analgesic and antipyretic effects. Metamizole sodium is a cyclooxygenase-3 (COX-3) inhibitor.
    Metamizole-d<sub>3</sub> sodium
  • HY-106093
    Eltenac
    		Inhibitor
    Eltenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is a COX inhibitor. Eltenac shows IC50 of 0.03 μM for both COX-1 and COX-2 in isolated human whole blood.
    Eltenac
  • HY-105667
    Butanixin
    		Inhibitor
    Butanixin (2-[(4-Butylphenyl)amino]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. It exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity by reducing prostaglandin production. It is used in the research of musculoskeletal disorders.
    Butanixin
  • HY-B1888AS
    Bromfenac-d4 sodium
    		Inhibitor
    Bromfenac-d4 (sodium) is deuterium labeled Bromfenac (sodium). Bromfenac sodium is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 5.56 and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Bromfenac sodium is a brominated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory/analgesic agent (NSAID), and it is commonly used for the research of postoperative inflammation and pain following cataract surgery, and pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME).
    Bromfenac-d<sub>4</sub> sodium
  • HY-N13238
    White Willow Bark Extract
    		Inhibitor
    White Willow Bark Extract is the extract of White Willow Bark, with content of 15% , 25% , 50% Salicin.
    White Willow Bark Extract
  • HY-B0227S2
    Ketoprofen-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor
    Ketoprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively.
    Ketoprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N6607R
    Tryptanthrin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Tryptanthrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tryptanthrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tryptanthrin is an indole quinazoline that could be an alkaloid from indigo-bearing plants. Tryptanthrin is a potent and orally active cellular Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis inhibitor. Tryptanthrin has anticancer activity. Tryptanthrin suppresses the expression levels of NOS1, COX-2, and NF-κB and regulates the expression levels of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α.
    Tryptanthrin (Standard)
  • HY-115921
    Anti-inflammatory agent 9
    Anti-inflammatory agent 9 (compound 28) is a tilomisole-based benzimidazothiazole derivative. Anti-inflammatory agent 9 expresses activity on COX-2 enzyme more than COX-1. Anti-inflammatory agent 9 is orally active.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 9
  • HY-174159
    COX-2-IN-54
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-54 (Compound 7y) is an orally active COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.15 μM. COX-2-IN-54 has a strong protective effect against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and can significantly reduce tissue damage. COX-2-IN-54 has anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2-IN-54
  • HY-155753
    Anti-inflammatory agent 50
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 50 (compound a1) is a Fusidic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory agent 50 inhibits inflammatory factor NO, IL-6 and TNF-α. Anti-inflammatory agent 50 alleviates acute lung injury by regulating inflammatory mediators and suppressing the MAPK, NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 50
  • HY-14670R
    Firocoxib (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Firocoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Firocoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Firocoxib (ML 1785713) is a potent, selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.13 μM. Firocoxib shows 58-fold more selective for COX-2 than COX-1 (IC50 of 7.5 μM). Firocoxib has anti-inflammatory effects.
    Firocoxib (Standard)
  • HY-N10009
    Cudraflavone B
    		Inhibitor
    Cudraflavone B is a prenylated flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Cudraflavone B is also a dual inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2. Cudraflavone B blocks the translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in macrophages. Thus, Cudraflavone B inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) gene expression and secretion. Cudraflavone B also triggers the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, activates NF-κB, the MAPK p38, and ERK, and induced the expression of SIRT1. Thus Cudraflavone B inhibits the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
    Cudraflavone B
  • HY-N3631
    Ethoxycoronarin D
    		Inhibitor
    Ethoxycoronarin D is a labdane diterpenes compound isolated from rhizomes. Ethoxycoronarin D selectively inhibits COX-1 with an IC50 of 3.8 µM.
    Ethoxycoronarin D
  • HY-155780
    Anti-inflammatory agent 52
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 52 (compound 7j) is an orally active selective COX-2 inhibitor. Anti-inflammatory agent 52 has anti-HT29 transfer activity, which leads to periodic arrest in G2/M phase. Anti-inflammatory agent 52 has safety, moderate ability to suppress inflammation. Anti-inflammatory agent 52 has a rare property of suppressing the development of tumor in mouse model, showing anti-cancer activity.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 52
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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