2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N11624
    Axinelline A
    		Inhibitor
    Axinelline A is a potent COX inhibitor with IC50s of 2.22 μM and 8.89 μM against COX-2 and COX-1, respectively. Axinelline A shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    Axinelline A
  • HY-116610
    L 748780
    		Inhibitor
    L 748780 (compound 2) is a selectivity COX-2 inhibitor with the IC50 values of 0.5 μM and ＞ 100 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    L 748780
  • HY-A0273S
    Propyphenazone-d3
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    Propyphenazone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Propyphenazone. Propyphenazone is a pyrazolone derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity, Propyphenazone-based analogues as proagents and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
    Propyphenazone-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-14397G
    Indomethacin (GMP)
    		Inhibitor
    Indomethacin (GMP) is Indomethacin (HY-14397) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, orally active COX1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.
    Indomethacin (GMP)
  • HY-B1890R
    (±)-Catechin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (±)-Catechin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (±)-Catechin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (±)-Catechin (rel-Cianidanol) is the racemate of the green tea polyphenol Catechin. Catechin has anticancer activity and induces apoptosis. (±)-Catechin has two forms, (+)-Catechin and its enantiomer (-)-Catechin. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM. (-)-Catechin can effectively promote hBM-MSC adipocyte differentiation and increase adiponectin and PPARγ levels. (±)-Catechin has anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-cardiovascular, anti-infectious, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects.
    (±)-Catechin (Standard)
  • HY-150550
    COX-2-IN-26
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-26 is a potent, selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 10.61, 0.067, 1.96 µM for COX-1, COX-2, 15-LOX, respectively. COX-2-IN-26 shows anti-inflammatory activity. COX-2-IN-26 shows gastrointestinal safety profile.
    COX-2-IN-26
  • HY-N0603R
    20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Standard) is the analytical standard of 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression.
    20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Standard)
  • HY-155997
    Anti-inflammatory agent 56
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 56 (Compound 9) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor (IC50: 0.54 μM). Anti-inflammatory agent 56 has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory agent 56 inhibits oxidative stress induced cell death. Anti-inflammatory agent 56 inhibits oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by inhibiting Keap1, COX-2 and iNOS. Anti-inflammatory agent 56 has low acute toxicity in mice (LD50: 1000 mg/kg).
    Anti-inflammatory agent 56
  • HY-N1380S3
    Guaiacol-d4
    Guaiacol-d4 is the deuterium labeled Guaiacol. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
    Guaiacol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-173487
    COX-2-IN-53
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-53 (compound 9) is a potent COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.373 μM. COX-2-IN-53 reduces radiation-induced oxidative stress.
    COX-2-IN-53
  • HY-135731A
    4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride is an active metabolite of Metamizole. Metamizole is a pyrazolone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and inhibits COX. Metamizole is an nonopioid analgesic agent and can be used for pain and fever. 4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride has analgesic, antipyretic, and relatively weak antiinflammatory properties.
    4-Methylamino antipyrine hydrochloride
  • HY-105028S
    Tenidap-d3
    		Inhibitor
    Tenidap-d3 is the deuterium labeled Tenidap. Tenidap, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a selective COX-1 inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.03 μM and 1.2 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Tenidap has anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic properties. Tenidap is also a specific SLC26A3 inhibitor.
    Tenidap-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-116763
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-4 (Compound 1) is a dual inhibitor that acts on both COX-2 and 5-LOX, with IC50 values of 0.05 μM for COX-2 and 0.003 μM for 5-LOX. By inhibiting the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, COX-2/5-LOX-IN-4 reduces the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, alleviating inflammatory responses. In a rat ear edema model, intravenous administration (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) reduced edema by 41% and 44%, respectively, demonstrating significant anti-inflammatory effects. COX-2/5-LOX-IN-4 shows promise for studying the mechanisms of inflammatory diseases.
    COX-2/5-LOX-IN-4
  • HY-173114
    Anti-inflammatory agent 96
    Anti-inflammatory agent 96 (Compound 5), a tetrasubstituted α-aminophosphonate derivatives with a methylphosphoserine fragment, is an anti-inflammatory agent. Anti-inflammatory agent 96 can reduce TPA-induced ear edema and CFA-induced paw edema.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 96
  • HY-135081
    N-(4-acetamidophenyl)-Indomethacin amide
    		Inhibitor
    N-(4-acetamidophenyl)-indomethacin amide (N-4-AIA) is one of several aromatic amides of indomethacin reported to be potent and selective reversible inhibitors of COX-2.1 N-4-AIA inhibits human recombinant and ovine COX-2 with IC50 values of 0.12 and 0.625 μM, respectively. It is about 400 times less potent as an inhibitor of human recombinant COX-1 and 80 times less potent as an inhibitor of ovine COX-1 than ovine COX-2.
    N-(4-acetamidophenyl)-Indomethacin amide
  • HY-126121
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen
    		Inhibitor
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen is a metabolite of Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen
  • HY-N7148R
    γ-Tocopherol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    γ-Tocopherol (Standard) is the analytical standard of γ-Tocopherol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity.
    γ-Tocopherol (Standard)
  • HY-155808
    STAT3-IN-18
    		Inhibitor
    STAT3-IN-18 (compound SPP) is a platinum (IV) complex with an axial ligand derived from sandalwood. STAT3-IN-18 inhibits the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in breast cancer (BC) cells, with anti-proliferative activity. STAT3-IN-18 activates caspase-3 and increases cleaved polyADP-ribose polymerase to induce apoptosis. STAT3-IN-18 promotes maturation and antigen presentation of dendritic cells and demonstrates safety in vivo.
    STAT3-IN-18
  • HY-101579
    LY 178002
    		Inhibitor
    LY 178002 is a potent inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LPO), phospholipase A2, with IC50 of 0.6 μM for 5-lipoxygenase, inhibits cellular production of LTB4 by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and shows relatively weak inhibition on cyclooxygenase.
    LY 178002
  • HY-134521
    Diclofenac amide
    		Inhibitor
    Diclofenac amide is a prodrug for Diclofenac sodium (HY-15037). Diclofenac amide is an orally active inhibitor for COX-1/2, that inhibits the production of prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (TX). Diclofenac amide exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced rat paw edema model without causing gastric ulcer (300 μmol/kg).
    Diclofenac amide
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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