2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-115920
    Anti-inflammatory agent 8
    Anti-inflammatory agent 8 (compound 13) is a tilomisole-based benzimidazothiazole derivative. Anti-inflammatory agent 8 expresses activity on COX-2 enzyme more than COX-1 with an IC50 of 0.09 nM. Anti-inflammatory agent 8 is orally active.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 8
  • HY-170836
    NLRP3-IN-69
    		Inhibitor
    NLRP3-IN-69 (Compound 23) inhibits the activation of NF-κB p65 and the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3-IN-69 inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced overexpression of IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2, inhibits NO generation (IC50=5.66 μM), thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity.
    NLRP3-IN-69
  • HY-159516
    Sabialimon P
    		Inhibitor
    Sabialimon P (compound 16) is a NO release inhibitor (IC50=18.12 μM) with anti-inflammatory activity. Sabialimon P significantly reduces the secretion of TNF-α, iNOS, IL-6 and NF-κB and inhibits the expression of COX-2 and NF-κB/p65 in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS (HY-D1056).
    Sabialimon P
  • HY-P10710
    BMP-4
    		Inhibitor
    BMP-4 is a penetrating heparin-binding peptide with anti-inflammatory and anti-chondrogenic functions. In murine chondrocytes and macrophages, BMP-4 regulates the iNOS-IFN-IL6 signaling pathway to inhibit the expression of inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX2, IFN, and IL6 in a dose-dependent manner, effectively suppressing inflammation and alleviating various arthritis symptoms.
    BMP-4
  • HY-N3555
    (+)-Catechin pentaacetate
    		Inhibitor
    (+)-Catechin pentaacetate is a precursor for the production of (+) catechin (HY-N0898 ). (+) catechin is a useful natural herbicide and antimicrobial. (+)-Catechin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM.
    (+)-Catechin pentaacetate
  • HY-147961
    COX-2-IN-23
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-23 (compound 9a) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.28 and 20.14 μM for COX-2 and COX-1. COX-2-IN-23 has anti-inflammatory activity and low ulcerogenic activity.
    COX-2-IN-23
  • HY-146419
    Anti-inflammatory agent 20
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 20 (compound 5a) is a potent inhibitor of NO activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 20 shows anti-inflammatory activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 20 suppresses LPS-induced inflammation via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling and thereby reducing IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 upregulation.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 20
  • HY-12383S
    Pelubiprofen-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor
    Pelubiprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Pelubiprofen. Pelubiprofen, an orally active and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a member of the 2-arylpropionic acid family and has relatively selective effects on COX-2 activity. Pelubiprofen inhibits COX activity and the transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1-IκB kinase β-NF-κB pathway, and has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
    Pelubiprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-121679
    COX-2-IN-50
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-50 is a water-soluble COX-2 inhibitor with significant analgesic activity. The solubility of COX-2-IN-50 in water reaches 20.3 mg/mL, far exceeding the 1.6 μg/mL of its precursor compound PC407. COX-2-IN-50 demonstrates good biocompatibility and is suitable for the development of injectable dosage forms. COX-2-IN-50 has proven its analgesic effect in vivo and shows potential application value.
    COX-2-IN-50
  • HY-106050
    Tilomisole
    		Inhibitor
    Tilomisole (Wy 18251) is a benzimidazothiazole experimental agent with anti-inflammatory activity. Tilomisole causes less agranulocytosis than levamisole, but retains immunomodulating capabilities. Tilomisole is orally active. Tilomisole has the potential for the research of cancer and inflammation.
    Tilomisole
  • HY-15036B
    Diclofenac deanol
    		Inhibitor
    Diclofenac deanol (DDNL) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Diclofenac deanol has a more potent inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 than on COX-1. The solubility of diclofenac deanol is significantly higher than that of other diflunisal salts reported earlier. Diclofenac deanol has a wide range of potential applications in the medical field due to its biological activity and high water solubility.
    Diclofenac deanol
  • HY-147809
    COX-2-IN-20
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-20 (Compound 5d) is a selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 17.9 nM. COX-2-IN-20 shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2-IN-20
  • HY-17361S
    Etofenamate-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Etofenamate-d4 is the deuterium labeled Etofenamate. Etofenamate, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) and a non-selective COX inhibitor, possesses analgesic, anti-rheumatic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. Etofenamate is used in the research for osteoarthritis, arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
    Etofenamate-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-163750
    KMU-11342
    		Inhibitor
    KMU-11342 is a potent inhibitor of multi-protein kinase. KMU-11342 plays an important inhibitor of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research.
    KMU-11342
  • HY-N0767R
    Isoorientin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Isoorientin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoorientin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoorientin is a potent inhibitor of COX-2 with an IC50 value of 39 μM.
    Isoorientin (Standard)
  • HY-15038R
    Diclofenac potassium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Diclofenac (potassium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diclofenac (potassium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diclofenac potassium is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac potassium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac potassium (Standard)
  • HY-121046
    Flunixin
    		Inhibitor
    Flunixin is a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.55 and 3.24 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Flunixin shows anti-inflammatory effects.
    Flunixin
  • HY-147870
    COX-2-IN-22
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-22 (Compound 4h) is a COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.6 µM. COX-2-IN-22 also inhibits AChE, BChE, β-Secretase, LOX-5 and DPPH with IC50 values of 2.8, 6.3, 15.3, 13.9 and 6.8 µM, respectively. COX-2-IN-22 can cross BBB.
    COX-2-IN-22
  • HY-126121R
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen is a metabolite of Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    2-Hydroxy Ibuprofen (Standard)
  • HY-B1221S
    Flufenamic acid-d4
    		Inhibitor
    Flufenamic acid-d4 is deuterium labeled Flufenamic acid. Flufenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), activates AMPK, and also modulates ion channels, blocking chloride channels and L-type Ca2+ channels, modulating non-selective cation channels (NSC), activating K+ channels. Flufenamic acid binds to the central pocket of TEAD2 YBD and inhibits both TEAD function and TEAD-YAP-dependent processes, such as cell migration and proliferation.
    Flufenamic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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