2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

Related Products

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W109812R
    Sinapyl alcohol (Standard)
    Sinapyl alcohol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sinapyl alcohol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sinapyl alcohol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agent. Sinapyl alcohol reduces the expression level of inducible NO synthase and COX-2[1].
    Sinapyl alcohol (Standard)
  • HY-W756637
    Ibufenac-13C6
    Ibufenac-13C6 (Dytransin-13C6) is the 13C-labeled Ibufenac (HY-W040672). Ibufenac (Dytransin) is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Ibufenac exerts anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. Ibufenac is being studied for the treatment of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
    Ibufenac-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-19500
    SC-75416
    		Inhibitor
    SC-75416 is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model was used for development and clinical trial simulation to design a study protocol to verify its analgesic effect in a post-oral surgery pain model. The simulation results showed that 360 mg of SC-75416 may provide better pain relief than 400 mg of ibuprofen. The actual clinical trial results confirmed this hypothesis, and 360 mg of SC-75416 was indeed superior to 400 mg of ibuprofen in pain relief. The PK/PD model of SC-75416 showed good predictive performance and successfully predicted its clinical effect. These research results show that SC-75416, as a new selective COX-2 inhibitor, has potential clinical application value in the management of post-oral surgery pain.
    SC-75416
  • HY-W778002
    (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen-13C,d3
    (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen-13C,d3 is the deuterium and 13C-labeled S-(+)-Ketoprofen (HY-B2137). S-(+)-Ketoprofen is a potent inhibitor of both COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 1.9 and 27 nM, respectively.
    (S)-(+)-Ketoprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-153762
    COX-2-IN-32
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-32 (Compound 2f) is an iNOS and COX-2 inhibitor. COX-2-IN-32 decreases the expression of NF-κB. COX-2-IN-32 has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibits NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages (IC50: 11.2 μM).
    COX-2-IN-32
  • HY-W747879
    Diclofenac Amide-13C6
    Diclofenac Amide-13C6 is the 13C-labeled Diclofenac amide (HY-134521). Diclofenac amide is a prodrug for Diclofenac sodium (HY-15037). Diclofenac amide is an orally active inhibitor for COX-1/2, that inhibits the production of prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (TX). Diclofenac amide exhibits anti-inflammatory efficacy in Carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced rat paw edema model without causing gastric ulcer (300 μmol/kg).
    Diclofenac Amide-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-162173
    WYZ90
    		Inhibitor
    WYZ90 ((compound 6a) is a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 75, 5734, 19940 nM for COX-2, COX-1 and DPPH, respectively. WYZ90 shows antioxidant and analgesic activity.
    WYZ90
  • HY-N9955
    Isonardosinone
    		Inhibitor
    Isonardosinone is a nardosinone-type sesquiterpenes, which can be isolated from Valerianaceae. Isonardosinone inhibits NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway, suppresses expression of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056)-induced BV2 microglia, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.
    Isonardosinone
  • HY-163117
    Anti-inflammatory agent 68
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 68 (compound 7b) is a dual inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase and COX-2, a sulfonamide derivative of Polmacoxib (HY-16726), with anti-inflammatory properties and analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 68 has IC50s of 12.6 μM and 60 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. The Ki of anti-inflammatory agent 68 binding to different isoforms of carbonic anhydrase are 52.6 nM (CA I), 79.1 nM (CA II), 58.1 nM (CA IX), and 17.2 nM (CA XII).
    Anti-inflammatory agent 68
  • HY-B1888
    Bromfenac
    		Inhibitor
    Bromfenac is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 5.56 and 7.45 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Bromfenac can be used in ocular inflammation research.
    Bromfenac
  • HY-B0578B
    Loxoprofen sodium (dihydrate)
    		Inhibitor
    Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate is a non-steroidal, orally active anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and anti-pyretic properties. Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate is a nonselective COX inhibitor with IC50s of 6.5 and 13.5 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Loxoprofen sodium dihydrate can reduce atherosclerosis and shows antitumor activity.
    Loxoprofen sodium (dihydrate)
  • HY-N0356S
    (+/-)-Catechin Gallate-13C3
    		Inhibitor
    (+/-)-Catechin Gallate-13C3 is the 13C-labeled (-)-Catechin gallate. (-)-Catechin gallate is a minor constituent in green tea catechins. (-)-Catechin gallate inhibits the activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
    (+/-)-Catechin Gallate-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-116877
    C2 Ceramide (d14:1/2:0)
    C2 Ceramide (d14:1/2:0) is a composition for diagnosing diseases associated with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) overexpression. C2 Ceramide (d14:1/2:0) exhibits a strong binding activity to COX2 protein (extracted from patent WO2019235824A1).
    C2 Ceramide (d14:1/2:0)
  • HY-N0064R
    Macelignan (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Macelignan (Standard) is the analytical standard of Macelignan. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Macelignan ((+)-Anwulignan; Anwuligan) is an orally active lignan isolated from Myristica fragrans. Macelignan possesses many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes, and neuroprotective activities.
    Macelignan (Standard)
  • HY-137149
    Lonazolac hemicalcium
    		Inhibitor
    Lonazolac (hemicalcium) is the calcium salt form of Lonazolac. Lonazolac is a nonsteroidal antirheumatic agent with anti-inflammatory properties.
    Lonazolac hemicalcium
  • HY-N8184
    4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone
    		Inhibitor 99.64%
    4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone exhibits COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity.
    4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone
  • HY-147794
    CDK9-IN-41
    		Inhibitor 98.84%
    CDK9-IN-41 is a potent CDK9, EGFR, HER2, and COX-2 kinases inhibitor with IC50s of 192.81 nM, 254.03 nM, 238.81 nM, and 775 nM. COX-2-IN-18 exhibits remarkable antitumor activity against leukemia cancer cells, colon cancer cells, melanoma cells, ovarian cells and breast cells.
    CDK9-IN-41
  • HY-17509R
    Deracoxib (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Deracoxib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Deracoxib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 0
    Deracoxib (Standard)
  • HY-W339645
    Naproxen ethyl ester
    		Inhibitor
    Naproxen ethyl ester ((S)-Naproxen ethyl ester) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with activity in relieving pain, fever, swelling and stiffness. Naproxen ethyl ester exerts its effects by inhibiting non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX). The R-(-)-isomer of Naproxen ethyl ester shows stronger immunogenicity, and the Michaelis-Menten parameter of its catalytic reaction is K(M)=6.67 mM, and the catalytic efficiency is 5.8 x 10^4 times higher than that of the non-catalytic reaction.
    Naproxen ethyl ester
  • HY-B0808R
    Oxaprozin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Oxaprozin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oxaprozin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oxaprozin is an orally active and potent COX inhibitor, with IC50 values of 2.2 μM for human platelet COX-1 and and 36 μM for IL-1-stimulated human synovial cell COX-2, respectively. Oxaprozin also inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Oxaprozin induces cell apoptosis. Oxaprozin shows anti-inflammatory activity. Oxaprozin-mediated inhibition of the Akt/IKK/NF-κB pathway contributes to its anti-inflammatory properties.
    Oxaprozin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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