2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-130310B
    (±)11-HEDE
    		Inhibitor
    (±)11-HEDE is a racemic mixture of the monohydroxy fatty acids 11(S)-HEDE and 11(R)-HEDE. 11-HEDE is formed from eicosadienoic acid by cyclooxygenase (COX) and in macrophages.
    (±)11-HEDE
  • HY-147719
    COX-2-IN-16
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-16 (compound 2b) is a potent, selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 102 µM. COX-2-IN-16 inhibits the NO production. COX-2-IN-16 shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    COX-2-IN-16
  • HY-163116
    Anti-inflammatory agent 67
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 67 (compound 7a) is a dual inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase and COX-2, a sulfonamide derivative of Polmacoxib (HY-16726), and has anti-inflammatory properties and analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory agent 67 has IC50s of 10.4 μM and 50 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. The Ki of anti-inflammatory agent 67 binding to different isoforms of carbonic anhydrase are 48.3 nM (CA I), 42.2 nM (CA II), 52.3 nM (CA IX), and 13.3 nM (CA XII).
    Anti-inflammatory agent 67
  • HY-170932
    EGFR/COX-2-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 is an EGFR/COX-2 inhibitor. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 inhibits EGFRWT, EGFRT790M, COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 0.12, 0.076, 20.1 and 1.52 μM respectively. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 inhibits and with IC50s of , respectively. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 inhibits MCF-7, HT-29 and A-549 with IC50s of 1.20, 5.14 and 14.81 μM, respectively. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 displays Apoptosis induction by up-regulating Bax and down-regulating Bcl-2 protein levels. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 results in a significant increase in the percentage of cells at the G2/M in MFC-7 cells. EGFR/COX-2-IN-1 exhibits broad-spectrum antitumor effects.
    EGFR/COX-2-IN-1
  • HY-147692
    COX-2-IN-14
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-14 (compound 2a) is a potent and selective COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitor. COX-2-IN-14 shows effective binding at the active site of COX-2 co-crystal. COX-2-IN-14 exhibits a high level of in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, reducing ear edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in mice.
    COX-2-IN-14
  • HY-B0227S1
    Ketoprofen-d4
    		Inhibitor 98.74%
    Ketoprofen-d4 is the deuterium labeled Ketoprofen. Ketoprofen (RP-19583) is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent, acting as a potent inhibitor of COX, with IC50s of 2 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2 in human blood monocytes, respectively.
    Ketoprofen-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N0346AR
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (Standard) is the analytical standard of (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate is a natural product found in Kaempferia galangal with anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic and anti-microbial effects. (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro with IC50s of 1.12 and 0.83 μM, respectively.
    (E)-Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (Standard)
  • HY-W015007S
    Metyrosine-13C9,15N,d7
    		Inhibitor
    Metyrosine-13C9,15N,d7 is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled Metyrosine. Metyrosine is a selective tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme inhibitor. Metyrosine exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerative effects. Metyrosine significantly inhibits high COX-2 activity. Metyrosine is a very effective agent for blood pressure control.
    Metyrosine-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>9</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N,d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-146161
    COX-2/NO-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2/NO-IN-1 is an orally active nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-2 expression and NO (IC50 of 3.52 μM) inhibitor. COX-2/NO-IN-1 has anti-inflammatory effects.
    COX-2/NO-IN-1
  • HY-153980
    K-80001
    		Inhibitor
    K-80001 is an RXRα-binder and COX-1/2 inhibitor, with IC50s of with an IC50 of 82.9μM, 3.4μM, 1.2μM for RXRα, COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    K-80001
  • HY-15030AR
    Naproxen sodium (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Naproxen (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Naproxen (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Naproxen sodium is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 8.72 and 5.15 μM, respectively in cell assay.
    Naproxen sodium (Standard)
  • HY-78131S1
    Ibuprofen-13C,d3
    		Inhibitor
    Ibuprofen-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory agent targeting COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50s of 13 μM and 370 μM, respectively.
    Ibuprofen-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-156253
    Anticancer agent 166
    		Inhibitor
    Anticancer agent 166 (compound 3) is an anticancer agent with an excellent inhibition activity against Caco-2 (IC50 = 9.6 nM).
    Anticancer agent 166
  • HY-N3848
    Ermanin
    		Inhibitor
    Ermanin is a flavonoid isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum. Ermanin potently inhibits iNOS, COX-2 activities, and inhibits platelet aggregation. Ermanin has anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculous and anti-viral/bacterial properties.
    Ermanin
  • HY-111274
    Indomethacin farnesil
    		Inhibitor
    Indomethacin farnesil is an orally active proagent of Indomethacin. Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, blood-brain permeable and nonselective inhibitor of COX1 and COX2, with IC50s of 18 nM and 26 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively, in CHO cells. Indomethacin disrupts autophagic flux by disturbing the normal functioning of lysosomes.
    Indomethacin farnesil
  • HY-14654C
    Aspirin calcium
    		Inhibitor
    Aspirin calcium is an orally active, potent and irreversible inhibitor of cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. Aspirin calcium induces apoptosis. Aspirin calcium inhibits the activation of NF-κB. Aspirin calcium also inhibits platelet prostaglandin synthetase, and can prevent coronary artery and cerebrovascular thrombosis.
    Aspirin calcium
  • HY-15029R
    (±)-Naproxen (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (±)-Naproxen (Standard) is the analytical standard of (±)-Naproxen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (±)-Naproxen ((Rac)-Naproxen) is a racemate of Naproxen (HY-15030). Naproxen is a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor with IC50s of 8.72 and 5.15 μM, respectively.
    (±)-Naproxen (Standard)
  • HY-17479
    Amfenac
    Amfenac (AHR 5850) is an orally active and potent anti-inflammatory compound possessing antipyretic and analgesic properties. Amfenac can be used for the research of acute and chronic inflammation.
    Amfenac
  • HY-128463S
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d14
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d14 is the deuterium labeled N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone is a nitrone-based free radical scavenger that forms nitroxide spin adducts. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone inhibits COX2 catalytic activity. N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone has potent ROS scavenging, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-diabetic activities, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
    N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone-d<sub>14</sub>
  • HY-107320
    Amtolmetin guacil
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Amtolmetin guacil is an effective nonsteroidal anti-Inflammatory agent with pain-relieving effects. Amtolmetin guacil inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase (COX). Amtolmetin guacil can stimulate capsaicin receptors present on the gastrointestinal wall and also releases gastroprotective nitric oxide (NO). Amtolmetin guacil can be used to research knee osteoarthritis.
    Amtolmetin guacil
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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