2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-14994
    SCH79797 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.91%
    SCH79797 dihydrochloride is a highly potent, selective nonpeptide protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) antagonist. SCH79797 dihydrochloride inhibits binding of a high-affinity thrombin receptor-activating peptide to PAR1 with an IC50 of 70 nM and a Ki of 35 nM. SCH79797 dihydrochloride inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 3 μM. SCH79797 dihydrochloride has antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, and limits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat hearts. SCH79797 dihydrochloride also potently prevents PAR1 activation in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and astrocytes.
    SCH79797 dihydrochloride
  • HY-13224
    AZD4877
    		Degrader 99.49%
    AZD4877 is another isostere to Ispinesib (HY-50759)and also a kinesin spindle protein (Eg5) inhibitor with IC50 of 2 nM.AZD4877 arrests cell mitosis, leads to the formation of the monopolar spindle phenotype and induces apoptosis. AZD4877 inhibits circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and has anti-cancer activity.
    AZD4877
  • HY-137506
    XST-14
    		Inducer 99.26%
    XST-14 is a potent, competitive and highly selective ULK1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 26.6 nM. XST-14 induces autophagy inhibition by reducing the phosphorylation of the ULK1 downstream substrate. XST-14 induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and has antitumor effects.
    XST-14
  • HY-13628
    Etalocib
    		Inducer 99.03%
    Etalocib (LY293111), an orally active leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist, inhibits the binding of [3H]LTB4, with a Ki of 25 nM. Etalocib (LY293111) prevents LTB4-induced calcium mobilization with an lC50 of 20 nM. Etalocib (LY293111) induces apoptosis.
    Etalocib
  • HY-146683
    KS106
    		Inducer 99.87%
    KS106 is a potent ALDH inhibitor with IC50s of 334, 2137, 360 nM for ALDH1A1, ALDH2, and ALDH3A1, respectively. KS106 shows antiproliferative and anticancer effects with low low toxic.KS106 significantly increases ROS activity, lipid peroxidation and toxic aldehyde accumulation. KS106 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
    KS106
  • HY-15227A
    EPZ004777 hydrochloride
    		Activator 99.46%
    EPZ004777 hydrochloride is a potent, selective DOT1L inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.4 nM.
    EPZ004777 hydrochloride
  • HY-129467
    (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid
    		Inducer 98.0%
    (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid (2-Hydroxyoleic acid) is a synthetic oleic acid (OA) derivative that binds to the plasma membrane and alters lipid organization. (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid has anti-tumor effect.
    (Rac)-Idroxioleic acid
  • HY-103185
    CCPA
    		Inducer 99.77%
    CCPA (2-Chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine) a highly selective A1 adenosine receptors agonist with a Ki of 0.4 nM. CCPA selectively binds to adenosine A1 over adenosine A2 receptors (Ki of 3900 nM). CCPA is a purine nucleoside analog. Purine nucleoside analogs have broad antitumor activity targeting indolent lymphoid malignancies. Anticancer mechanisms in this process rely on inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, etc.
    CCPA
  • HY-N2420
    Flavokawain A
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Flavokawain A is a chalcone compound and an orally active inhibitor of PRMT5 and cytochrome P450. Flavokawain A has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Flavokawain A can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. Flavokawain A can be used in the research of diseases such as bladder cancer.
    Flavokawain A
  • HY-W016887
    Glycyl-L-proline
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Glycyl-L-proline (H-Gly-Pro-OH) is a dipeptide. Glycyl-L-proline can induce MCF-7 cells apoptosis. Glycyl-L-proline can enhance the inhibitory effect of the PRODH/POX knockout on collagen and DNA biosynthesis. Glycyl-L-proline can inhibit Gly-Sar and L-proline transport. Glycyl-L-proline can be used for the researches of cancer and metabolic disease, such as breast cancer.
    Glycyl-L-proline
  • HY-N2477
    Taraxerol
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Taraxerol is isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum, and has anti-inflammtory and anti-cancer effects. Taraxerol attenuates acute inlammation through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Taraxerol induces cell apoptosis.
    Taraxerol
  • HY-N7719
    Oosporein
    		Inducer 99.16%
    Oosporein is a microbial metabolite and a red crystalline toxin produced by various fungi. Oosporein can promote the reproduction of fungi in host bodies by inhibiting insect immunity, and possesses multiple activities such as antibacterial, antiviral (HSV), and insecticidal effects. Oosporein can inhibit plant growth. In addition, Oosporein can also induce apoptosis, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Oosporein has certain antitumor activity.
    Oosporein
  • HY-N1366
    Herniarin
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Herniarin is a natural coumarin occurs in some flowering plants with anticancer effects. Herniarin results in a significant decrease in cell viability by inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Herniarin also has anti-dermatophytic activity. Herniarin can be used for the study of bladder cancer and breast cancer.
    Herniarin
  • HY-108693
    β-Tocotrienol
    		Inducer 98.89%
    β-Tocotrienol is an isomer of vitamin E. β-Tocotrienol is a less potent antioxidant than α-tocotrienol. β-Tocotrienol can be found in the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil, which possesses anti-carcinogenic effects in vitro on human colon carcinoma and prostate cancer cells. β-Tocotrienol inhibits the growth of A549 (GI50 = 1.38 μM) and U87MG (GI50 = 2.53 μM) cells. β-Tocotrienol also induces apoptosis in cancer cells. β-Tocotrienol can inhibit PD-L1 expression and mitigates PD-L1-mediated immune suppression in vitro and in vivo.
    β-Tocotrienol
  • HY-161302
    Polθ/PARP-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.08%
    Polθ/PARP-IN-1 (compound 25d) is a potent dual DNA polymerase theta (Polθ) and PARP inhibitor with IC50 values of 45.6, 5.4 nM, respectively. Polθ/PARP-IN-1 shows antiproliferative activity. Polθ/PARP-IN-1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, causes DNA damage. Polθ/PARP-IN-1 shows anti-tumor activity.
    Polθ/PARP-IN-1
  • HY-13649
    Indibulin
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Indibulin (ZIO 301), an orally applicable inhibitor of tubulin assembly, shows potent anticancer activity with a minimal neurotoxicity. Indibulin reduces inter-kinetochoric tension, produces aberrant spindles, activates mitotic checkpoint proteins Mad2 and BubR1, and induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis.
    Indibulin
  • HY-N6725
    Sterigmatocystine
    		Inducer 99.74%
    Sterigmatocystine is a precursor of aflatoxins and a mycotoxin produced by common mold strains from Aspergillus versicolor. Sterigmatocystine, a inhibitor of G1 Phase and DNA synthesis, is used to inhibit p21 activity. Sterigmatocystine has teratogenic, and carcinogenic effects in animals.
    Sterigmatocystine
  • HY-P99422
    Adebrelimab
    		Inducer
    Adebrelimab (SHR-1316) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal PD-L1 (PD-1/PD-L1) antibody. Adebrelimab has promising antitumor activity in solid tumors including extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).
    Adebrelimab
  • HY-101073
    Salermide
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Salermide is an inhibitor of Sirt1 and Sirt2; can cause strong cancer-specific apoptotic cell death.
    Salermide
  • HY-125956
    Aurkin A
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Aurkin A is an allosteric inhibitor for the interaction between Aurora A Kinase (also known also Aurka) and TPX2, through targeting the TPX2 binding sites with Kd of 3.77 μM. Aurkin A can disrupt polyploidy induced by Alisertib (HY-10971) and increase apoptosis of tumor cells. Aurkin A can be used in research on mitosis and cancer.
    Aurkin A
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity