2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-18707
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12
    		Inducer 99.57%
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 is an irreversible inhibitor of K-Ras(G12C). K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 can alter the nucleotide-binding preference of K-Ras and block its interaction with effector proteins. K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 can reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines with G12C mutations. K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 has anti-tumor activity.
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12
  • HY-157396
    JAB-2485
    		Inducer 98.11%
    JAB-2485 is an orally active and selective Aurora kinase A (AURKA) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.327 nM. JAB-2485 exhibits inhibitory activity against various tumor cell lines such as neuroblastoma, triple-negative breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, and epithelial ovarian cancer. JAB-2485 can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells. JAB-2485 has antitumor activity.
    JAB-2485
  • HY-18676B
    ILK-IN-2
    		Activator 99.41%
    ILK-IN-2 (OSU-T315 analog) is an oral PDK2 inhibitor and also an ILK inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.6 μM. ILK-IN-2 induces cell autophagy and apoptosis, showing anti-tumor activity. ILK-IN-2 directly abolishes AKT activation by preventing AKT from translocating to lipid rafts, triggering Caspase-dependent apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and extending the lifespan in TCL1 mouse models.
    ILK-IN-2
  • HY-112698
    CA-5f
    		Inducer 99.14%
    CA-5f is a potent late-stage macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitor via inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. CA-5f increases LC3B-II (a marker to monitor autophagy) and SQSTM1 protein, and also increases ROS production. Anti-tumor activity.
    CA-5f
  • HY-161779
    PLX-3618
    		Inducer 99.86%
    PLX-3618 is a molecular glue, that degrades BRD4 with DC50 of 12.2 nM. PLX-3618 promotes polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of BRD4 by recruiting of the E3 ligase substrate receptor, DCAF11. PLX-3618 inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells, induces apoptosis in AML cells. PLX-3618 exhibits antitumor activity against AML in mouse models.
    PLX-3618
  • HY-103019B
    (-)-Enitociclib
    		Inducer 99.85%
    (-)-Enitociclib ((R)-Enitociclib) is an enantiomer of Enitociclib (HY-103019E) with an optical rotation of (-). Enitociclib is a selective CDK9 inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. Enitociclib inhibits CDK9 activity and reduces the phosphorylation of Ser2 in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase Pol II, thereby downregulating the transcription of key oncogenes such as MYC and MCL1. Enitociclib has anti-proliferative activity targeting MYC+ lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and has synergistic effects with Bortezomib (HY-10227) and Lenalidomide (HY-A0003), and can be used in the research of hematological malignancies.
    (-)-Enitociclib
  • HY-13343
    ZM 336372
    		Inducer 98.03%
    ZM 336372 is a potent inhibitor of the protein kinase c-Raf. The IC50 value is 0.07 μM in the standard assay, which contains 0.1 mM ATP.
    ZM 336372
  • HY-N0106
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium
    		Inhibitor 98.0%
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium is the racemic form of Salvianic acid A (HY-N1913). Salvianic acid A is an orally active phenolic compound that induces Nrf2/HO-1 activation and inhibits the NF-κB pathway, and it also activates the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system (Mitochondrial Metabolism). Salvianic acid A exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties (Apoptosis), demonstrating potential for research into inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.
    (Rac)-Salvianic acid A sodium
  • HY-164515
    ONC213
    		Inducer 99.89%
    ONC213 is an orally active αKGDH inhibitor. ONC213 can suppress mitochondrial respiration and elevate α-ketoglutarate levels by inhibiting αKGDH activity. ONC213 can induce cells apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial stress response and inhibiting translation of MCL-1. ONC213 can be used for the research of cancer, such as acute myeloid leukemia research (AML).
    ONC213
  • HY-125593
    Dasminapant
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Dasminapant (APG-1387), a bivalent SMAC mimetic and an IAP antagonist, blocks the activity of IAPs family proteins (XIAP, cIAP-1, cIAP-2, and ML-IAP). Dasminapant induces degradation of cIAP-1 and XIAP proteins, as well as caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, which leads to apoptosis. Dasminapant can be used for the research of hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
    Dasminapant
  • HY-10202
    Tandutinib
    		Inducer 99.48%
    Tandutinib (MLN518) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the FLT3 with an IC50 of 0.22 μM, and also inhibits c-Kit and PDGFR with IC50s of 0.17 μM and 0.20 μM, respectively. Tandutinib can be used for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Tandutinib has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
    Tandutinib
  • HY-B0185B
    Lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Lidocaine (Lignocaine) hydrochloride hydrate inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence. Lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate is an amide derivative and has potential for the research of ventricular arrhythmia.
    Lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate
  • HY-150505
    DC-U4106
    		Inducer 98.09%
    DC-U4106 is a USP8 targeting inhibitor with the Kdvalue of 4.7 μM and the IC50 value of 1.2 μM. DC-U4106 can target the ubiquitin pathway and facilitate the degradation of Erα. DC-U4106 inhibits tumor growth with minimal toxicity and has the potential for the research of breast cancer.
    DC-U4106
  • HY-150785
    TAS1553
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    TAS1553 is a potent, orally active protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor with an IC50 values of 0.0396 μM. TAS1553 inhibits DNA replication and reduces intracellular dATP pool. TAS1553 induces apoptosis. TAS1553 can be used for cancer research.
    TAS1553
  • HY-100886
    BAY1082439
    		Inducer 98.02%
    BAY1082439 is an orally bioavailable, selective PI3Kα/β/δ inhibitor. BAY1082439 also inhibits mutated forms of PIK3CA. BAY1082439 is highly effective in inhibiting Pten-null prostate cancer growth.
    BAY1082439
  • HY-15694
    SMIP004
    		Inducer 99.79%
    SMIP004 is a SKP2 E3 ligase inhibitor, which downregulates SKP2 and to stabilise p27. SMIP004 is a cancer cell selective apoptosis inducer of human prostate cancer cells.
    SMIP004
  • HY-125858
    MI-1061
    		Activator 99.72%
    MI-1061 is a potent, orally bioavailable, and chemically stable MDM2 (MDM2-p53 interaction) inhibitor (IC50=4.4 nM; Ki=0.16 nM). MI-1061 potently activates p53 and induces apoptosis in the SJSA-1 xenograft tumor tissue in mice. Anti-tumor activity.
    MI-1061
  • HY-103712B
    Samuraciclib hydrochloride dihydrate
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Samuraciclib (CT7001) hydrochloride hydrate is a potent, selective, ATP-competitive and orally active CDK7 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 41 nM. Samuraciclib hydrochloride hydrate displays 45-, 15-, 230- and 30-fold selectivity over CDK1, CDK2 (IC50 of 578 nM), CDK5 and CDK9, respectively. Samuraciclib hydrochloride hydrate inhibits the growth of breast cancer cell lines with GI50 values between 0.2-0.3 μM. Samuraciclib hydrochloride hydrate has anti-tumor effects.
    Samuraciclib hydrochloride dihydrate
  • HY-137371
    Lactonic sophorolipid
    		Activator
    Lactonic sophorolipid is an apoptosis inducer and antimicrobial surfactant with antitumor activity. Lactonic sophorolipid regulates Bax/Bcl-gene expression through caspase-3/9 and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Lactonic sophorolipid can disrupt cell membrane permeability and exert antibacterial effects (MIC for oral pathogens is 100-400 μg/mL). Lactonic sophorolipid promotes mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and can synergize with antibiotics to enhance the antibacterial effect. Lactonic sophorolipid can be used in liver cancer research and the development of oral hygiene antibacterial agents[1][2][3].
    Lactonic sophorolipid
  • HY-156293
    FPR1 antagonist 1
    		Inducer
    FPR1 antagonist 1 (compound 24a) is a formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) antagonist with an IC50 of 25 nM. FPR1 antagonist 1 inhibits cell growth through a combined effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis and reduces cell migration, while inducing an increase in angiogenesis.
    FPR1 antagonist 1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity