2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-109185
    Pelcitoclax
    		Inducer 99.70%
    Pelcitoclax (APG-1252) is a potent Bcl-2/Bcl-xl inhibitor with antineoplastic and pro-apoptotic effects.
    Pelcitoclax
  • HY-D0988
    R-PE (R-Phycoerythrin)
    		Inducer
    R-Phycoerythrin is found in Heterosiphonia japonica. R-Phycoerythrin is an orange-red fluorescent probe with α, β, and γ subunits. R-Phycoerythrin can be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. R-Phycoerythrin can be used in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analysis (Ex: 495 nm).
    R-PE (R-Phycoerythrin)
  • HY-12294A
    PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate (NVP-AAM077 tetrasodium hydrate) is a tetrasodium hydrate of PEAQX (HY-12294). PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate is an orally active and selective NMDA antagonist, with IC50 values of 270 nM and 29.6 μM for hNMDAR 1A/2A and hNMDAR 1A/2B, respectively. PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate can promote the activation of caspase-3 and induce cell apoptosis in cortical striatal slice cultures.
    PEAQX tetrasodium hydrate
  • HY-B0435
    Roxithromycin
    		Inhibitor 99.86%
    Roxithromycin (RU-28965) is an orally active semi-synthethic macrolide antibiotic. Roxithromycin inhibits protein biosynthesis in the elongation step by binding to 50S bacterial ribosome. Roxithromycin has antimicrobial, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, tumour vasculature inhibiting and lung injury ameliorating effects.
    Roxithromycin
  • HY-113439
    12-HETE
    		Inhibitor
    12-HETE, a major metabolic product of arachidonic acid using 12-LOX catalysis, inhibits cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. 12-HETE promotes the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB through the integrin-linked kinase (ILK) pathway.12-HETE has both anti-thrombotic and pro-thrombotic effects. 12-HETE is a neuromodulator.
    12-HETE
  • HY-103661
    BI-6C9
    		Inhibitor 98.47%
    BI-6C9 is a highly specific BH3 interacting domain (Bid) inhibitor, which prevents mitochondrial outer membrane potential (MOMP) and mitochondrial fission, and protects the cells from mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) release and caspase-independent cell death in neurons.
    BI-6C9
  • HY-N0269
    Echinatin
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Echinatin is a chalcone isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Gancao with hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Echinatin can be quickly absorbed and eliminated and extensively distributed with an absolute bioavailability of approximately 6.81% in Rat.
    Echinatin
  • HY-134616
    Ulinastatin
    		Inhibitor
    Ulinastatin (Uristatin) is a trypsin and serine protease inhibitor. Ulinastatin is the main protein binding inhibitor of various trypsin, chymotrypsin, and various pancreatic proteases. Ulinastatin shows neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant effects.
    Ulinastatin
  • HY-14507
    YK-4-279
    		Inducer 99.91%
    YK-4-279 blocks RNA Helicase A (RHA) binding with EWS-FLI1 (oncogenic protein). YK-4-279 induces apoptosis and shows anti-proliferation activities towards various cancer cells. YK-4-279 has a chiral center and it can be separated into two enantiomers. YK-4-279 can be used for the research of cancer.
    YK-4-279
  • HY-N0714A
    Berbamine dihydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Berbamine dihydrochloride is an inhibitor of NF-κB activity with remarkable anti-myeloma efficacy.
    Berbamine dihydrochloride
  • HY-B0444
    Maprotiline hydrochloride
    		Activator 99.98%
    Maprotiline hydrochloride is a highly selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor that has strong antidepressant, antitumor and neuropathic pain-relieving effects with oral activity. Maprotiline hydrochloride induces cancer cell apoptosis by targeting the ERK signaling pathway and CRABP1.
    Maprotiline hydrochloride
  • HY-B0617S
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-d3
    		Inducer 99.80%
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-d3 (S-Adenosyl methionine-d3) is the deuterated product of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (HY-B0617). S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (S-Adenosyl methionine) is an orally active methyl group donor. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine is a dietary supplement with potent antidepressant effects. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine also has anti‑proliferative, pro‑apoptotic and anti‑metastatic roles in cancers. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine has the potential for, cancer, liver disease and osteoarthritis research.
    S-Adenosyl-L-methionine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-156773
    STM3006
    		98.71%
    STM3006 is a highly potent, selective, and orally active inhibitor of METTL3 (IC50: 5 nM). STM3006 can reduce the m6A level, promote the formation of dsRNA, trigger a cell-intrinsic interferon response, and enhance the killing effect of T cells on tumors. STM3006 has anti-tumor activity, and its combination with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy yields better results.
    STM3006
  • HY-101191
    Ecteinascidin 770
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Ecteinascidin 770 (ET-770) is a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid with potent anti-cancer activities; inhibits U373MG cells with an IC50 of 4.83 nM.
    Ecteinascidin 770
  • HY-N0203
    Atractylenolide III
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Atractylenolide III (ICodonolactone) is the main component of Atractylodes rhizome and has the activity of inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Atractylenolide III is an orally active gastroprotective agent.
    Atractylenolide III
  • HY-50706A
    Selumetinib sulfate
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Selumetinib (AZD6244) is selective, non-ATP-competitive oral MEK1/2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 14 nM for MEK1. Selumetinib (AZD6244) inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
    Selumetinib sulfate
  • HY-11108
    R406 free base
    		Inducer 99.80%
    R406 free base is an orally available and competitive Syk/FLT3 inhibitor for ATP binding with a Ki of 30 nM, potently inhibits Syk kinase activity in vitro with an IC50 of 41 nM, measured at an ATP concentration corresponding to its Km value. R406 free base reduces immune complex-mediated inflammation. R406 free base also inhibits Lyn (IC50=63 nM) and Lck (IC50=37 nM).
    R406 free base
  • HY-12014
    SU11274
    		Inducer 98.82%
    SU11274 is a selective Met inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM, but has no effects on PGDFRβ, EGFR or Tie2.
    SU11274
  • HY-13915
    NSC348884
    		Inducer 99.40%
    NSC348884 is a nucleophosmin (NPM) inhibitor, it disrupts oligomer formation and induces apoptosis, inhibits cell proliferation with IC50s of 1.7-4.0 μM in distinct cancer cell lines. NSC348884 can be used for the research of cancer.
    NSC348884
  • HY-14153A
    Tegaserod maleate
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Tegaserod maleate (SDZ-HTF-919) is an orally active serotonin receptor 4 (HTR4; 5-HT4R) agonist and a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist. Tegaserod maleate has pKis of 7.5, 8.4 and 7.0 for human recombinant 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors, respectively. Tegaserod maleate causes tumor cell apoptosis, blunts PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and decreases S6 phosphorylation. Tegaserod maleate has anti-tumor activity and has the potential for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) research.
    Tegaserod maleate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity