2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-12468
    A-1210477
    		Inducer 99.86%
    A-1210477 is a potent and selective inhibitor of MCL-1 with a Ki of 0.45 nM. A-1210477 specifically binds MCL-1 and promotes apoptosis of cancer cells in an MCL-1-dependent manner.
    A-1210477
  • HY-101923B
    LYN-1604 dihydrochloride
    		Activator 99.55%
    LYN-1604 dihydrochloride is a potent UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) activator (EC50=18.94 nM) for the research of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    LYN-1604 dihydrochloride
  • HY-114989
    Fluorizoline
    		Inducer 99.77%
    Fluorizoline selectively and directly binds to prohibitin 1 (PHB1) and 2 (PHB2), and induces apoptosis. Fluorizoline reduces chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell viability through the upregulation of NOXA and BIM. Fluorizoline exerts antitumor action in a p53-independent manner.
    Fluorizoline
  • HY-B0661
    Tamsulosin
    		Activator 99.80%
    Tamsulosin ((R)-(-)-YM12617 free base) is an orally active antagonist of α1-adrenergic receptor. Tamsulosin induces Apoptosis. Tamsulosin is used for the research of prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and inhibits inflammation in animal models.
    Tamsulosin
  • HY-155489
    DDO-2728
    		Inducer 98.55%
    DDO-2728 (compound 19) is a selective AlkB homologue 5 (ALKBH5) inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.97 μM. DDO-2728 increases the abundance of N6 methyladenosine (m6A) modifications, inducing cell apoptosis and cycle arrest. DDO-2728 suppresses tumor growth in the MV4 11 xenograft model with favorable safety profile, shows the potential of targeting ALKBH5 in cancer research.
    DDO-2728
  • HY-N0448
    10-Gingerol
    		Inducer 99.34%
    10-Gingerol is an AMPK agonist, which is found in the ginger oleoresin from fresh rhizome with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. 10-Gingerol suppresses neointimal hyperplasia and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. 10-Gingerol exhibits substantial scavenging activities with an IC50 value of 10.47 μM against DPPH radical, an IC50 value of 1.68 μM against superoxide radical and an IC50 value of 1.35 μM against hydroxyl radical. 10-Gingerol inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line with an IC50 of 12.1 μM. 10-Gingerol suppresses the proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis through targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231/IR cells. 10-Gingerol is promising for research of ulcerative colitis.
    10-Gingerol
  • HY-P99111
    Golimumab
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Golimumab (CNTO-148) is a potent human IgG1 TNFα antagonist monoclonal antibody. Golimumab has anti-inflammation activitity and inhibits IL-6 and IL-1β production. Golimumab acts via targeting and neutralizing TNF to prevent inflammation and destruction of cartilage and bone. Golimumab has the anticancer activity and induces cell apoptosis. Golimumab can be used for rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and cancer research.
    Golimumab
  • HY-N0415
    Trigonelline chloride
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Trigonelline chloride is an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity that can be isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum L or Leonurus artemisia. Trigonelline chloride is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor that blocks Nrf2-dependent proteasome activity, thereby enhancing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Trigonelline chloride also has anti-HSV-1, antibacterial, and antifungal activity, and induces ferroptosis.
    Trigonelline chloride
  • HY-15121
    L-Theanine
    		Modulator 99.67%
    L-Theanine (L-Glutamic Acid γ-ethyl amide) is a non-protein amino acid contained in green tea leaves, which blocks the binding of L-glutamic acid to glutamate receptors in the brain, and with neuroprotective, anticancer and anti-oxidative activities. L-Theanine can pass through the blood–brain barrier and is orally active.
    L-Theanine
  • HY-B0185A
    Lidocaine hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Lidocaine hydrochloride (Lignocaine hydrochloride) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence. Lidocaine hydrochloride decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine hydrochloride is an amide derivative and a agent to treat ventricular arrhythmia and an effective tumor-inhibitor.
    Lidocaine hydrochloride
  • HY-13990
    NVP-TNKS656
    		Inducer 99.66%
    NVP-TNKS656 is a highly potent, selective, and orally active TNKS2 inhibitor with IC50 of 6 nM, and is > 300 fold selectivity against PARP1 and PARP2.
    NVP-TNKS656
  • HY-B0754A
    Hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride (Hematoporphyrin IX dihydrochloride), a photosensitizer, is a substrate for affinity chromatography of heme-binding proteins. Hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride can induce apoptosis in U87 glioma cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo when exposed to red light.
    Hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride
  • HY-B0735A
    Fenoldopam mesylate
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Fenoldopam mesylate (SKF-82526) is a D1 receptor agonist and a novel lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor (IC50=0.8974 μM). Fenoldopam mesylate shows anti-hypertensive effects, anti-cancer cell proliferation activity and can induce cells apoptosis.
    Fenoldopam mesylate
  • HY-B1159
    Nitroxoline
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Nitroxoline (8-Hydroxy-5-nitroquinoline), an antibiotic, is an orally active antibiofilm agent. Nitroxoline reduces the formation and induces the dispersal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by chelation of iron and zinc. Nitroxoline can be used for the urinary tract infections and cancer research.
    Nitroxoline
  • HY-15872A
    FTI-277 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.29%
    FTI-277 hydrochloride is an inhibitor of farnesyl transferase (FTase); a highly potent Ras CAAX peptidomimetic which antagonizes both H- and K-Ras oncogenic signaling. FTI-277 hydrochloride can inhibit hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection.
    FTI-277 hydrochloride
  • HY-15658
    GSK2801
    		Inducer 99.95%
    GSK2801 is a potent, selective, orally active and cell active acetyl-lysine competitive BAZ2A and BAZ2B bromodomains inhibitor with Kd values of 136 nM and 257 nM, respectively. GSK2801 shows >50-fold selectivity for BAZ2A/B over BRD4.
    GSK2801
  • HY-41547
    Thalidomide 4-fluoride
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Thalidomide 4-fluoride (Cereblon ligand 4) is the Thalidomide-based Cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide 4-fluoride (Cereblon ligand 4) can be connected to the ligand for IRAK4 protein by a linker to form PROTAC IRAK4 degrader-1 (HY-129966).
    Thalidomide 4-fluoride
  • HY-N0580
    Fraxetin
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Fraxetin is isolated from Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and has oral bioactivity. Fraxetin has anti-tumor, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Fraxetin can induce cell apoptosis.
    Fraxetin
  • HY-125833
    Alpha-Naphthoflavone
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Alpha-Naphthoflavone is an orally active flavonoid that is a potent, competitive inhibitor of aromatase< b>aromatase. < b > IC < sub > 50 < / sub > < / b > and < b > K < sub > I < / sub > < / b > value were 0.5 and 0.2 microns. Alpha-Naphthoflavone can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis.
    Alpha-Naphthoflavone
  • HY-B1417
    Nortriptyline hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Nortriptyline (Desmethylamitriptyline) hydrochloride, the main active metabolite of Amitriptyline, is a tricyclic antidepressant. Nortriptyline hydrochloride is a potent autophagy inhibitor and has anticancer effects.
    Nortriptyline hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity