1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Apoptosis
  3. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-16558
    Butein
    Inducer 99.95%
    Butein is a cAMP-specific PDE inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.4 μM for PDE4. Butein is a specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 16 and 65 μM for EGFR and p60c-src in HepG2 cells. Butein sensitizes HeLa cells to Cisplatin through AKT and ERK/p38 MAPK pathways by targeting FoxO3a. Butein is a SIRT1 activator (STAC).
    Butein
  • HY-14151
    Prucalopride
    Inducer 99.81%
    Prucalopride is an orally active, selective and specific 5-HT 4 receptor agonist (high affinity), with pKis of 8.6 and 8.1 for human 5-HT4a/4b receptors, respectively. Prucalopride improves intestinal motility by promoting regeneration of the intestinal nervous system in rats. Prucalopride also shows anticancer activity by blocking of the PI3K/AKT/mTor signaling pathway. Prucalopride can be used in studies of chronic constipation, pseudo-intestinal obstruction and cancer.
    Prucalopride
  • HY-N0835
    (20S)-Protopanaxatriol
    Inducer 99.91%
    (20S)-Protopanaxatriol is a metabolite of ginsenoside. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol works through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and estrogen receptor (ER), and is also a LXRα inhibitor. (20S)-Protopanaxatriol shows a broad spectrum of antitumor effects.
    (20S)-Protopanaxatriol
  • HY-W009732
    Sinapinic acid
    Inducer 99.95%
    Sinapinic acid (Sinapic acid) is a phenolic compound isolated from Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. Rhizome, acts as an inhibitor of HDAC, with an IC50 of 2.27 mM, and also inhibits ACE-I activity. Sinapinic acid posssess potent anti-tumor activity, induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Sinapinic acid shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Sinapinic acid reduces total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HOMA-IR index, and also normalizes some serum parameters of antioxidative abilities and oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats.
    Sinapinic acid
  • HY-13925
    PD0166285
    Inducer 99.46%
    PD0166285, a substrate of P-gp, is a WEE1 inhibitor and a weak Myt1 inhibitor with IC50 values of 24 and 72 nM, respectively. PD0166285 exhibits an IC50 of 3.433 μM for Chk1.
    PD0166285
  • HY-107737
    1,2-DLPC
    Activator ≥98.0%
    1,2-DLPC (1,2-Dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is a ligand for LRH-1 agonists. 1,2-DLPC is a phospholipid used in the synthesis of liposomes. 1,2-DLPC enhances fat breakdown and apoptosis in fat cells through a TNFα-dependent pathway, while also inhibiting palmitate-induced insulin resistance through PPARα-mediated inflammation in muscle cells.
    1,2-DLPC
  • HY-B0464
    Hydralazine hydrochloride
    99.97%
    Hydralazine hydrochloride is an antihypertensive agent. Hydralazine hydrochloride can inhibit mitochondrial fission and human peritoneal mesothelial cell proliferation. Hydralazine hydrochloride has immunomodulation and anti-migratory effect. Hydralazine hydrochloride activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and causes DNA damage.
    Hydralazine hydrochloride
  • HY-P1925A
    GO-203 TFA
    Inducer 99.28%
    GO-203 TFA is a potent MUC1-C oncoprotein inhibitor. GO-203 TFA is an all D-amino acid peptide that consists of a poly-R transduction domain linked to a CQCRRKN motif that binds to the MUC1-C cytoplasmic tail and blocks MUC1-C homodimerization. GO-203 TFA downregulates TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator) protein synthesis by inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-S6K1 pathway. GO-203 TFA induces the production of ROS and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. GO-203 TFA inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and as xenografts in nude mice.
    GO-203 TFA
  • HY-N0928
    Mimosine
    Inducer 99.92%
    Mimosine, a tyrosine analog , can act as an antioxidant by its potent iron-binding activity. Mimosine is a known chelator of Fe(III). Mimosine induces apoptosis through metal ion chelation, mitochondrial activation and ROS production in human leukemic cells. Anti-cancer, antiinflammation.
    Mimosine
  • HY-112732B
    Sparfosic acid trisodium
    Inducer ≥98.0%
    Sparfosic acid trisodium is a DNA antimetabolite agent and a potent inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamoyl transferase. Aspartate transcarbamoyl transferase catalyzes the second step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Sparfosic acid trisodium synergistically enhances the cytotoxicity of a combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and interferon-alpha (IFN) against human colon cancer cell lines.
    Sparfosic acid trisodium
  • HY-141429A
    AS-99 TFA
    Inducer 99.15%
    AS-99 TFA is a first-in-class, potent and selective ASH1L histone methyltransferase inhibitor (IC50= 0.79 μM, Kd= 0.89 μM) with anti-leukemic activity. AS-99 TFA blocks cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and differentiation, downregulates MLL fusion target genes, and reduces the leukemia burden in vivo.
    AS-99 TFA
  • HY-100711
    Prodigiosin
    Inducer 99.89%
    Prodigiosin (Prodigiosine) is a red pigment produced by bacteria as a bioactive secondary metabolite. Prodigiosin is a potent inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prodigiosin has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer properties.
    Prodigiosin
  • HY-10222
    Ixabepilone
    Inducer 99.93%
    Ixabepilone (BMS-247550) is an orally bioavailable microtubule inhibitor, which binds to tubulin and promotes tubulin polymerization and microtubule stabilization, thereby arrests cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and induces tumor cell apoptosis.
    Ixabepilone
  • HY-P9976
    Isatuximab
    Inducer 98.5%
    Isatuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the transmembrane receptor and ectoenzyme CD38, a protein highly expressed on hematological malignant cells, including those in multiple myeloma (MM). Isatuximab has antitumor activity via multiple biological mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cellular-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and direct induction of apoptosis without crosslinking. Isatuximab also directly inhibits CD38 ectoenzyme activity, which is implicated in many cellular functions.
    Isatuximab
  • HY-120836
    AOH1160
    Inducer 98.56%
    AOH1160 is a potent oral small molecule proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) inhibitor that interferes with DNA replication, blocks homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair, leads to cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis.
    AOH1160
  • HY-141881
    PROTAC-O4I2
    Inducer 99.66%
    PROTAC-O4I2 is a PROTAC targets splicing factor 3B1 (SF3B1). PROTAC-O4I2 induces FLAG-SF3B1 degradation with an IC50 value of 0.244 μM in K562 cells. PROTAC-O4I2 also induces cellular apoptosis in K562 WT cells.
    PROTAC-O4I2
  • HY-N6949
    Juglone
    Inducer 99.77%
    Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione) is a yellow dye that can be extracted from Juglans regia. Juglone induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Juglone has antibacterial and antitumor activity .
    Juglone
  • HY-13263
    CHIR-124
    Inducer 99.05%
    CHIR-124 is a potent and selective Chk1 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.3 nM, and also potently targets PDGFR and FLT3 with IC50s of 6.6 nM and 5.8 nM.
    CHIR-124
  • HY-101089
    RHPS4
    Inducer 99.88%
    RHPS4 is a potent telomerase inhibitor (IC50 = 0.33 μM). RHPS4 is a DNA damage inducer.
    RHPS4
  • HY-N0823
    Lithospermic acid
    Inhibitor 99.56%
    Lithospermic acid ((+)-Lithospermic acid) is a plant-derived polycyclic phenolic carboxylic acid isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and has the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver damage in vitro and in vivo.
    Lithospermic acid
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity