2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P9981
    Tafasitamab
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Tafasitamab (XmAb5574) is an Fc-modified, humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the human B-cell surface antigenCD19.
    Tafasitamab
  • HY-B1218
    Sulfaphenazole
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    Sulfaphenazole is a selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 enzyme. Sulfaphenazole is a cytoprotective agent against light-induced death of photoreceptors. Sulfaphenazole inhibits light-induced necrosis and mitochondrial stress-initiated apoptosis. Sulfaphenazole is an off patent sulfonamide antibiotic and demonstrates bactericidal activity through enhanced M1 macrophage activity. Sulfaphenazole can significantly reduce infarct size and restore post-ischemic coronary flow following ischemia and reperfusion.
    Sulfaphenazole
  • HY-N1447
    Ganoderic acid A
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Ganoderic acid A can inhibit of the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway, also inhibit proliferation, viability, ROS.
    Ganoderic acid A
  • HY-W015061
    Phenylacetylglycine
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    Phenylacetylglycine is a gut microbial metabolite that can activate β2AR. Phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion.
    Phenylacetylglycine
  • HY-13811
    NSC697923
    		Inducer 99.93%
    NSC697923 is a potent UBE2N (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N, Ubc13) inhibitor. NSC697923 induces neuroblastoma (NB) cell death via promoting nuclear importation of p53 in p53 wild-type NB cells. NSC697923 also induces cell death in p53 mutant NB cells by activation of JNK-mediated apoptotic pathway. NSC697923 inhibits DNA damage and NF-κB signaling. Antitumor activity.
    NSC697923
  • HY-133129
    MS1943
    		Inducer 98.92%
    MS1943 is an orally active, PROTAC-based, selective degrader of EZH2 that effectively reduces EZH2 levels in cells. MS1943 has anticancer activity and exhibits cytotoxic effects in a variety of TNBC cells while sparing normal cells. In addition, MS1943 maintains high potency (IC50=120 nM) in inhibiting EZH2 methyltransferase activity and is highly selective for EZH2. (Structure Note: RED, EZH2 ligand (HY-148458); Blue, Hyt (HY-W001578)).
    MS1943
  • HY-12203
    PFK-158
    		Inducer 98.88%
    PFK-158 is a potent and selective PFKFB3 inhibitor with an IC50 value 137 nM. PFK-158 reduces glucose uptake, ATP production, lactate release, and induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. PFK-158 has broad anti-tumor activity. PFK-158 can also enhance Colistin's resistance to bacteria.
    PFK-158
  • HY-15187
    Filanesib
    		Inducer 99.59%
    Filanesib (ARRY-520) is a selective and noncompetitive kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 6 nM for human KSP. Filanesib induces cell death by apoptosis in vitro. Filanesib has potent anti-proliferative activity.
    Filanesib
  • HY-15945
    DBeQ
    		Inducer 99.02%
    DBeQ is a selective, potent, reversible, and ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 1.5 μM and 1.6 μM for p97(wt) and p97(C522A), respectively; DBeQ also inhibits Vps4 with an IC50 of 11.5 μM.
    DBeQ
  • HY-W011303
    Phytosphingosine
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Phytosphingosine is a phospholipid with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities, which can induce apoptosis. Phytosphingosine is an immune regulator and can be used in the study of inflammatory skin diseases. Phytosphingosine is also an activator of GPR120 with an IC50 value of 33.4 μM and can be used in the study of type II diabetes.
    Phytosphingosine
  • HY-N0117
    Indirubin
    		Inducer 98.74%
    Indirubin (Couroupitine B) is a bis-indole alkaloid and has emarkable anticancer activity against chronic myelocytic leukemia.
    Indirubin
  • HY-110066
    (Z)-Guggulsterone
    		Inducer 99.30%
    (Z)-Guggulsterone, a constituent of Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plant Commiphora mukul, inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells by causing apoptosis. (Z)-Guggulsterone inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing the VEGF–VEGF-R2–Akt signaling axis. (Z)-Guggulsterone is also a potent FXR antagonist. (Z)-Guggulsterone reduces ACE2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    (Z)-Guggulsterone
  • HY-128853
    Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt
    		Activator 99.80%
    Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is a bile salt-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
    Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt
  • HY-B1000A
    L-SelenoMethionine
    		Inducer 99.82%
    L-SelenoMethionine, an L-isomer of Selenomethionine, is a major natural food-form of selenium. L-SelenoMethionin is a cancer chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer incidence by dietary supplementation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. L-SelenoMethionine also can increase expression of glutathione peroxidase.
    L-SelenoMethionine
  • HY-103019
    (+)-Enitociclib
    		Inducer 99.89%
    (+)-Enitociclib ((+)-BAY-1251152) is the enantiomer of Enitociclib (HY-103019E) with (+) optical rotation. Enitociclib is a selective CDK9 inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. Enitociclib inhibits CDK9 activity and reduces the phosphorylation of Ser2 in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase Pol II, thereby downregulating the transcription of key oncogenes such as MYC and MCL1. Enitociclib has anti-proliferative activity targeting MYC+ lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and has synergistic effects with Bortezomib (HY-10227) and Lenalidomide (HY-A0003), and can be used in the research of hematological malignancies.
    (+)-Enitociclib
  • HY-W012875
    3-Nitropropanoic acid
    		Inducer 99.73%
    3-Nitropropanoic acid (β-Nitropropionic acid) is an irreversible and orally active inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. 3-Nitropropanoic acid exhibits potent antimycobacterial activity with a MIC value of 3.3 μM. 3-Nitropropanoic acid can induce cell apoptosis.
    3-Nitropropanoic acid
  • HY-N0615
    Notoginsenoside R1
    		Inhibitor 99.93%
    Notoginsenoside R1 (Sanchinoside R1), a saponin, is isolated from P. notoginseng. Notoginsenoside R1 exhibits anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-apoptosis activities. Notoginsenoside R1 provides cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Notoginsenoside R1 also provides neuroprotection in H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells.
    Notoginsenoside R1
  • HY-118266
    BTdCPU
    		Inducer 99.15%
    BTdCPU is a potent heme regulated inhibitor kinase (HRI) activator that promotes eIF2α phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in Dexamethasone (HY-14648) (Dex)-resistant cancer cells. BTdCPU can be used in the study of cancers such as multiple myeloma and Dex-resistant multiple myeloma.
    BTdCPU
  • HY-12486
    FL118
    		Inducer 99.40%
    FL118 (10,11-(Methylenedioxy)-20(S)-camptothecin), a Camptothecin (HY-16560) analogue, is a potent and orally active survivin inhibitor. FL118 binds to oncoprotein DDX5 (p68) to dephosphorylates and degrades DDX5. FL118 can be used for the research of cancer.
    FL118
  • HY-113056A
    N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride
    		≥99.0%
    N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride is an acetyl derivative of polyamines and a substrate for polyamine oxidase (PAO). N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride can promote Apoptosis in combination with Procyanidins. N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride has a certain cleavage efficiency at apurinic sites of DNA. N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride can be used in colorectal cancer research.
    N1-Acetylspermidine hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity