2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-P9948
    Alemtuzumab
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Alemtuzumab (Campath-IH) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52. Alemtuzumab does not cross-react with murine CD52. Alemtuzumab selectively targets the CD52 antigen to induce profound lymphocyte depletion, followed by recovery of T and B cells with regulatory phenotypes. Alemtuzumab is capable of complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), as well as induction of apoptosis. Alemtuzumab has the potential for B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia research.
    Alemtuzumab
  • HY-N0035
    Arctigenin
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Arctigenin ((-)-Arctigenin), a biologically active lignan, can be used as an antitumor agent. Arctigenin exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral (influenza A virus) activities. Arctigenin can be used for the research of metabolic disorders, and central nervous system dysfunctions.
    Arctigenin
  • HY-W451275
    HG106
    		Activator 99.95%
    HG106 is an effective SLC7A11 inhibitor. HG106 mediates apoptosis by increasing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and it has antitumor activity.
    HG106
  • HY-13946
    BML-277
    		Inducer 99.74%
    BML-277 is a selective checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 15 nM.
    BML-277
  • HY-P0093
    Sincalide
    		Inducer 99.51%
    Sincalide (Cholecystokinin octapeptide, CCK-8) is a rapid-acting amino acid polypeptide hormone analogue of cholecystokinin (CCK) for intravenous use in postevacuation cholecystography. Sincalide is a major bioactive segment of CCK that retains most of the biological activities of CCK. Sincalide can promote gallbladder contraction by injection and helps diagnose gallbladder and pancreas disorders. Sincalide can increase bile secretion, cause the gallbladder to contract and relax the sphincter of Oddi, resulting in bile drainage into the duodenum. Sincalide is a major bioactive segment of CCK that retains most of the biological activities of CCK.
    Sincalide
  • HY-P1740
    RGD peptide (GRGDNP)
    		Inducer 99.79%
    RGD peptide (GRGDNP) is an inhibitor of integrin-ligand interactions. RGD peptide (GRGDNP) competitively inhibits α5β1 binding with extracellular matrice (ECM). RGD peptide (GRGDNP) promotes apoptosis through activation of conformation changes that enhance pro-caspase-3 activation and autoprocessing. RGD peptide (GRGDNP) plays an important role in cell adhesion, migration, growth, and differentiation.
    RGD peptide (GRGDNP)
  • HY-110188
    BiP inducer X
    		Inhibitor 99.88%
    BiP inducer X, a selective inducer of immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP)/GRP78, is an effective ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress inhibitor. BiP inducer X preferentially induces BiP with slight inductions of GRP94, calreticulin, and C/EBP homologous protein. BiP inducer X protects neurons from ER stress.
    BiP inducer X
  • HY-13216
    Pyroxamide
    		Inducer 99.54%
    Pyroxamide is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) with an ID50 of 100 nM. Pyroxamide can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in leukemia.
    Pyroxamide
  • HY-N0414
    Trigonelline
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Trigonelline is an alkaloid with potential antidiabetic activity that can be isolated from Trigonella foenum-graecum L or Leonurus artemisia. Trigonelline is a potent Nrf2 inhibitor that blocks Nrf2-dependent proteasome activity, thereby enhancing apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Trigonelline also has anti-HSV-1, antibacterial, and antifungal activity and induces ferroptosis.
    Trigonelline
  • HY-114544A
    N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
    		Inducer 99.88%
    N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) is a bacterial quorum-sensing signaling molecule produced by P. aeruginosa and strains of the B. cepacia complex.Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria for controlling gene expression in response to increasing cell density.N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone induces the production of IL-8 in 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells.
    N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
  • HY-B0144A
    Pitavastatin
    		Inducer 98.87%
    Pitavastatin (NK-104) is a potent hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. Pitavastatin inhibits cholesterol synthesis from acetic acid with an IC50 of 5.8 nM in HepG2 cells. Pitavastatin is an efficient hepatocyte low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) receptor inducer. Pitavastatin also possesses anti-atherosclerotic, anti-asthmatic, anti-osteoarthritis, antineoplastic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and reno-protective effects.
    Pitavastatin
  • HY-112037A
    IACS-010759 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.58%
    IACS-010759 hydrochlorideis an orally active, potent mitochondrial complex I of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor. IACS-010759 hydrochlorideinhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in models of brain cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reliant on OXPHOS. IACS-010759 hydrochloride has the potential for relapsed/refractory AML and solid tumors research.
    IACS-010759 hydrochloride
  • HY-13523
    PAC-1
    		Inducer 99.93%
    PAC-1 is a procaspase-3 activator that induces apoptosis in cancer cells with an EC50 of 2.08 μM.
    PAC-1
  • HY-90009A
    Tadalafil
    		Inducer 99.93%
    Tadalafil (IC-351) is a PDE5 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.8 nM.
    Tadalafil
  • HY-77591
    Cysteamine hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.30%
    Cysteamine hydrochloride (2-Aminoethanethiol hydrochloride) is an orally active agent for the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and an antioxidant.
    Cysteamine hydrochloride
  • HY-135317
    Emavusertib
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Emavusertib is an orally active inhibitor for IRAK4 (IC50=57 nM) and FLT3. Emavusertib inhibits NF-κB and MyD88 signaling pathways, reduces the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IL-10, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities against cancer cells, leading to cell apoptosis. Emavusertib exhibits antitumor activity in mouse model
    Emavusertib
  • HY-10209
    Masitinib
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Masitinib (AB1010) is a potent, orally bioavailable, and selective inhibitor of c-Kit (IC50=200 nM for human recombinant c-Kit). It also inhibits PDGFRα/β (IC50s=540/800 nM), Lyn (IC50= 510 nM for LynB), Lck, and, to a lesser extent, FGFR3 and FAK. Masitinib (AB1010) has anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic activity and low toxicity.
    Masitinib
  • HY-13522
    Fimepinostat
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Fimepinostat (CUDC-907) potently inhibits class I PI3Ks as well as classes I and II HDAC enzymes with an IC50 of 19/54/39 nM and 1.7/5.0/1.8/2.8 nM for PI3Kα/PI3Kβ/PI3Kδ and HDAC1/HDAC2/HDAC3/HDAC10 , respectively.
    Fimepinostat
  • HY-14166
    MK-886
    		Inducer 99.87%
    MK-886 (L 663536) is a potent, cell-permeable and orally active FLAP (IC50 of 30 nM) and leukotriene biosynthesis (IC50s of 3 nM and 1.1 μM in intact leukocytes and human whole blood, respectively) inhibitor. MK-886 is also a non-competitive PPARα antagonist and can induce apoptosis.
    MK-886
  • HY-50934
    Tacedinaline
    		Inducer 99.32%
    Tacedinaline (N-acetyldinaline) is an inhibitor of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) with IC50s of 0.9, 0.9, 1.2 μM for recombinant HDAC 1, 2 and 3 respectively.
    Tacedinaline
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity