2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-13518
    Piceatannol
    		Inducer 98.97%
    Piceatannol is a well-known Syk inhibitor and reduces the expression of iNOS induced by TNF. Piceatannol is an effective agent for research of acute lung injury (ALI). Piceatannol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene found in various fruits and vegetables and exhibits anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Piceatannol induces apoptosis in DLBCL cell lines. Piceatannol induces autophagy and apoptosis in MOLT-4 human leukemia cells.
    Piceatannol
  • HY-B0581
    Dexrazoxane
    		Inducer 99.88%
    Dexrazoxane, as an intracellular iron chelating agent, reduces the formation of superoxide radicals and has cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor and neuroprotective activities. Dexrazoxane inhibits ferroptosis of H9c2 cells by inhibiting HMGB1. Dexrazoxane induces DNA damage and apoptosis in human fibrosarcoma cells .
    Dexrazoxane
  • HY-13502A
    Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.98%
    Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride is a potent topoisomerase II inhibitor. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride also inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) activity with an IC50 of 8.5 μM. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride induces apoptosis of B-CLL (B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) cells. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride shows antitumor activity. Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride also has anti-orthopoxvirus activity with EC50s of 0.25 μM and and 0.8 μM for cowpox and monkeypox, respectively.
    Mitoxantrone dihydrochloride
  • HY-12306A
    8-Bromo-cAMP
    		Inducer 99.48%
    8-Bromo-cAMP (8-Br-Camp), a cyclic AMP analog, is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). 8-Bromo-cAMP has anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects against cancer cells.
    8-Bromo-cAMP
  • HY-107738
    Guggulsterone
    		Inducer 99.83%
    Guggulsterone is a plant sterol derived from the gum resin of the tree Commiphora wightii. Guggulsterone inhibits the growth of a wide variety of tumor cells and induces apoptosis through down regulation of antiapoptotic gene products (IAP1, xIAP, Bfl-1/A1, Bcl-2, cFLIP and survivin), modulation of cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), activation of caspases and JNK, inhibition of Akt. Guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist, decreases CDCA-induced FXR activation with IC50s of 17 and 15 μM for Z- and E-Guggulsterone, respectively.
    Guggulsterone
  • HY-B1751
    Quinidine (15% dihydroquinidine)
    		Inducer 99.19%
    Quinidine (15% dihydroquinidine) is an antiarrhythmic agent. Quinidine is a potent, orally active, selective cytochrome P450db inhibitor. Quinidine is also a K+ channel blocker with an IC50 of 19.9 μM, and can induce apoptosis. Quinidine can be used for malaria research.
    Quinidine (15% dihydroquinidine)
  • HY-B0185
    Lidocaine
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Lidocaine (Lignocaine) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence. Lidocaine decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine is an amide derivative and has potential for the research of ventricular arrhythmia.
    Lidocaine
  • HY-100912
    W-7 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.96%
    W-7 hydrochloride is a selective calmodulin antagonist. W-7 hydrochloride inhibits the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase and myosin light chain kinase with IC50 values of 28 μM and 51 μM, respectively. W-7 hydrochloride induces apoptosis and has antitumor and vascular relaxing activity. W-7 hydrochloride is a blocker of Kv4.3 and can be used for research of arrhythmias.
    W-7 hydrochloride
  • HY-15597
    Salinomycin
    		Inducer 99.74%
    Salinomycin (Procoxacin), a polyether potassium ionophore antibiotic, selectively inhibits the growth of gram-positive bacteria. Salinomycin is a potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, blocks Wnt-induced LRP6 phosphorylation. Salinomycin shows selective activity against human cancer stem cells.
    Salinomycin
  • HY-B0356A
    Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) monohydrochloride is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride
  • HY-13765
    6-Thioguanine
    		Inducer 99.90%
    6-Thioguanine (Thioguanine; 2-Amino-6-purinethiol) is an anti-leukemia and immunosuppressant agent, acts as an inhibitor of SARS and MERS coronavirus papain-like proteases (PLpros) and also potently inhibits USP2 activity, with IC50s of 25 μM and 40 μM for Plpros and recombinant human USP2, respectively.
    6-Thioguanine
  • HY-17007
    Saquinavir
    		Inducer 99.56%
    Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir
  • HY-129602
    SD-36
    		Inducer 99.73%
    SD-36 is a potent and efficacious STAT3 PROTAC degrader (Kd=~50 nM), and demonstrates high selectivity over other STAT members. SD-36 also effectively degrades mutated STAT3 proteins in cells and suppresses the transcriptional activity of STAT3 (IC50=10 nM). SD-36 exerts robust anti-tumor activity, and achieves complete and long-lasting tumor regression in mouse tumor models. SD-36 is composed of the STAT3 inhibitor SI-109, a linker, and an analog of Cereblon ligand Lenalidomide for E3 ubiquitin ligase. SD-36 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    SD-36
  • HY-N0452
    Hyperoside
    		Inducer 99.50%
    Hyperoside is a NF-κB inhibitor, found from Hypericum monogynum. Hyperoside shows anti-tumor, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-oxidative activities, and can induce apoptosis.
    Hyperoside
  • HY-N7140
    Gamma-Linolenic acid
    		99.80%
    Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-Linolenic acid) is an orally active unsaturated fatty acid. Gamma-linolenic acid exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK. At the same time, it exerts anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis (Apoptosis) in cancer cells. Additionally, Gamma-linolenic acid also has antioxidant and memory-improving effects. It holds promise for research in the fields of inflammation, neurology, and cancer diseases.
    Gamma-Linolenic acid
  • HY-14615
    [6]-Gingerol
    		Inducer 99.68%
    [6]-Gingerol is an active compound isolated from Ginger (Zingiber officinale), exhibits a variety of biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation.
    [6]-Gingerol
  • HY-12467
    OTS964 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.74%
    OTS964 hydrochloride is an orally active, high affinity and selective TOPK (T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase) inhibitor with an IC50 of 28 nM. OTS964 hydrochloride is also a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK11, which binds to CDK11B with a Kd of 40 nM.
    OTS964 hydrochloride
  • HY-15227
    EPZ004777
    		Inducer 99.00%
    EPZ004777 is a potent, selective DOT1L inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.4 nM.
    EPZ004777
  • HY-10999A
    Trametinib (DMSO solvate)
    		Inducer 99.56%
    Trametinib (DMSO solvate) (GSK-1120212 (DMSO solvate);JTP-74057 (DMSO solvate)) is an orally active MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 with IC50s of about 2 nM. Trametinib (DMSO solvate) activates autophagy and induces apoptosis.
    Trametinib (DMSO solvate)
  • HY-P1061A
    Colivelin TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.52%
    Colivelin TFA is a brain penetrant neuroprotective peptide and a potent activator of STAT3, suppresses neuronal death by activating STAT3 in vitro. Colivelin TFA exhibits long-term beneficial effects against neurotoxicity, Aβ deposition, neuronal apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity deficits in neurodegenerative disease. Colivelin TFA has the potential for the treatment of alzheimer's disease and ischemic brain injury.
    Colivelin TFA
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity