1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Apoptosis
  3. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-13599
    Cladribine
    Inducer 99.97%
    Cladribine (2-Chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine), a purine nucleoside analog, is an orally active adenosine deaminase inhibitor. Cladribine functions as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis to block the repair of the damaged DNA. Cladribine can inhibit DNA methylation. Cladribine has anti-lymphoma activity. Cladribine can be used for the research of several hematologic malignancies and multiple sclerosis.
    Cladribine
  • HY-N0115
    Gastrodin
    Inhibitor 99.94%
    Gastrodin, a main constituent of a Chinese herbal medicine Tianma, has been known to display anti-inflammatory effects. Gastrodin inhibits ethanol-induced hepatocellular apoptosis. Gastrodin inhibits H2O2-induced ferroptosis through its antioxidative effect. Gastrodin can be used for study of dizziness, epilepsy, stroke and dementia.
    Gastrodin
  • HY-10324
    D4476
    Inducer 99.94%
    D4476 is a potent, selective and cell-permeable inhibitor of casein kinase 1(CK1) with an IC50 value of 0.3 μM in vitro.
    D4476
  • HY-B0312
    Dipyridamole
    Inducer 99.00%
    Dipyridamole is an orally active phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Dipyridamole also is an antiplatelet agent used in secondary prophylaxis against stroke. Dipyridamole can induce cancer cell-specific apoptosis.
    Dipyridamole
  • HY-10580
    GSK 3 Inhibitor IX
    Inducer 99.73%
    GSK 3 Inhibitor IX (6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime; BIO) is a potent, selective, reversible and ATP-competitive inhibitor of GSK-3α and CDK1-cyclinB complex with IC50s of 5 nM/320 nM/80 nM for (GSK-3α/β)/CDK1/CDK5, respectively.
    GSK 3 Inhibitor IX
  • HY-139414
    Lysophosphatidylcholines
    ≥99.0%
    Lysophosphatidylcholines is an orally active lysolipid and a component of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL). Lysophosphatidylcholines induces cell injury, the production of IL-1β and apoptosis. Lysophosphatidylcholines has a proactive effect on sepsis.
    Lysophosphatidylcholines
  • HY-B0190A
    Nafamostat mesylate
    99.85%
    Nafamostat mesylate (FUT-175), an anticoagulant, is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor. Nafamostat mesylate has anticancer and antivirus effect. Nafamostat mesylate induce apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1). Nafamostat mesylate can be used in the development of the pathological thickening of the arterial wall.
    Nafamostat mesylate
  • HY-19831
    4EGI-1
    Inducer 98.32%
    4EGI-1 is an inhibitor of eIF4E/eIF4G interaction, with a Kd of 25 μM against eIF4E binding.
    4EGI-1
  • HY-W015828
    Ompenaclid
    Inducer 99.89%
    Ompenaclid (RGX-202) is an oral small-molecule SLC6A8 transporter inhibitor. Ompenaclid robustly inhibits creatine import in vitro and in vivo, reduces intracellular phosphocreatine and ATP levels, and induces tumor apoptosis. Ompenaclid can be used for the research of cancer and duchenne muscular dystrophy.
    Ompenaclid
  • HY-138293
    SY-5609
    Inducer 99.33%
    SY-5609 (CDK7-IN-3) is an orally active, highly selective, noncovalent CDK7 inhibitor with a KD of 0.065 nM. SY-5609 shows poor inhibition on CDK2 (Ki=2600 nM), CDK9 (Ki=960 nM), CDK12 (Ki=870 nM). SY-5609 induces apoptosis in tumor cells and has antitumor activity.
    SY-5609
  • HY-13953
    JIB-04
    Inducer 98.29%
    JIB-04 is a pan-selective Jumonji histone demethylase inihibitor with IC50s of 230, 340, 855, 445, 435, 1100, and 290 nM for JARID1A, JMJD2E, JMJD3, JMJD2A, JMJD2B, JMJD2C, and JMJD2D, respectively.
    JIB-04
  • HY-15425
    PF-543
    Inducer 99.85%
    PF-543 (Sphingosine Kinase 1 Inhibitor II) is a potent, selective, reversible and sphingosine-competitive SPHK1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 2 nM and a Ki of 3.6 nM. PF-543 is >100-fold selectivity for SPHK1 over SPHK2. PF-543 is an effective potent inhibitor of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) formation in whole blood with an IC50 of 26.7 nM. PF-543 induces apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy.
    PF-543
  • HY-N0273
    Brassinolide
    Inducer 98.98%
    Brassinolide is a predominant plant growth modulator that regulate plant cell elongation.
    Brassinolide
  • HY-100354
    C16-Ceramide
    Inducer ≥99.0%
    C16-Ceramide is a natural small molecule activating p53 through the direct and selective binding.
    C16-Ceramide
  • HY-124617A
    AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride
    Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride is an orally active polyamine transport inhibitor. AMXT1501 blocks tumor growth in immunocompetent mice but not in athymic nude mice lacking T cells. Combination of DFMO and AMXT-1501 induces caspase-3 mediated apoptosis in NB cell lines.
    AMXT-1501 tetrahydrochloride
  • HY-14541
    Olanzapine
    Inducer 99.96%
    Olanzapine (LY170053) is a selective, orally active monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity binding to serotonin H1, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT3, 5HT6 (Ki=7, 4, 11, 57, and 5 nM, respectively), dopamine D1-4 (Ki=11 to 31 nM), muscarinic M1-5 (Ki=1.9-25 nM), and adrenergic α1 receptor (Ki=19 nM). Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic.
    Olanzapine
  • HY-15454
    Xevinapant
    Inducer 99.91%
    Xevinapant (AT-406) is a potent and orally bioavailable Smac mimetic and an antagonist of IAPs, and it binds to XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 proteins with Ki of 66.4, 1.9, and 5.1 nM, respectively.
    Xevinapant
  • HY-A0005
    Clofarabine
    Inducer 99.88%
    Clofarabine, a nucleoside analogue for research of cancer, is a potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (IC50=65 nM) by binding to the allosteric site on the regulatory subunit.
    Clofarabine
  • HY-10820A
    Pemetrexed disodium
    Inducer 99.79%
    Pemetrexed disodium (LY231514 disodium) is an antifolate, the Kis of the pentaglutamate of Pemetrexed disodium are 1.3, 7.2, and 65 nM for inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), respectively.
    Pemetrexed disodium
  • HY-N0052A
    Sanguinarine chloride
    Inducer 98.93%
    Sanguinarine (Sanguinarin) chloride, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the root of Sanguinaria Canadensis, can stimulate apoptosis via activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of JNK and NF-κB.
    Sanguinarine chloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity