2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-16168A
    Degarelix
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Degarelix acetate (FE 200486) is a decapeptide that shows high affinity/selectivity to human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor (IC50 = 3 nM). Degarelix acetate Degarelix acetate (FE 200486) is used for the research of prostate cancer.
    Degarelix
  • HY-15858
    AP-III-a4
    		Inducer 99.87%
    AP-III-a4 (ENOblock) is a nonsubstrate analogue enolase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.576 uM. AP-III-a4 can be used for the research of cancer and diabetic.
    AP-III-a4
  • HY-12866
    Larotrectinib
    		Inducer 99.95%
    Larotrectinib (LOXO-101) is an ATP-competitive oral, selective inhibitor of the tropomyosin-related kinase (TRK) family receptors, with low nanomolar 50% inhibitory concentrations against all three isoforms (TRKA, B, and C).
    Larotrectinib
  • HY-15871
    GGTI298 Trifluoroacetate
    		Inducer 99.87%
    GGTI298 Trifluoroacetate is a CAAZ peptidomimetic geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I) inhibitor, which can inhibit Rap1A with IC50 of 3 μM; little effect on Ha-Ras with IC50 of >20 μM.
    GGTI298 Trifluoroacetate
  • HY-13962
    SGI-1027
    		Inducer 99.77%
    SGI-1027 is a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, with IC50s of 7.5 μM, 8 μM, and 12.5 μM for DNMT3B, DNMT3A, and DNMT1 with poly(dI-dC) as substrate.
    SGI-1027
  • HY-B0809
    Theophylline
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.
    Theophylline
  • HY-W014666
    Xanthurenic acid
    		Inducer 99.45%
    Xanthurenic acid is a putative endogenous Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, on sensory transmission in the thalamus.
    Xanthurenic acid
  • HY-10201A
    Sorafenib tosylate
    		Inducer 99.75%
    Sorafenib tosylate (Bay 43-9006 tosylate) is a potent and orally active Raf inhibitor with IC50s of 6 nM and 20 nM for Raf-1 and B-Raf, respectively. Sorafenib tosylate is a multikinase inhibitor with IC50s of 90 nM, 15 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM and 58 nM for VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, FLT3 and c-Kit, respectively. Sorafenib tosylate induces autophagy and apoptosis. Sorafenib tosylate has anti-tumor activity. Sorafenib tosylate is a ferroptosis activator.
    Sorafenib tosylate
  • HY-18731
    1400W Dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    1400W dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride form of 1400W (HY-18730). 1400W is a slow, tight binding, and highly selective inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, with a Kd value ≤ 7 nM. 1400W inhibits iNOS induction in microglial cells, and reduces generation of NO, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and neuronal cell apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex, and improving the spatial memory dysfunction caused by acute hypobaric hypoxia-reoxygenation.
    1400W Dihydrochloride
  • HY-119706
    Barbadin
    		Inducer 98.93%
    Barbadin is a novel and selective β-arrestin/β2-adaptin interaction inhibitor, has IC50 values of 19.1 μM for β-arrestin1 and 15.6 μM for β-arrestin2. Barbadin blocks agonist-promoted endocytosis of the prototypical β2-adrenergic, V2-vasopressin and angiotensin-II type-1 receptors. Barbadin can induce apoptosis.
    Barbadin
  • HY-N2329
    Piperlongumine
    		Inducer 99.87%
    Piperlongumine is a alkaloid, possesses ant-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antitumor, and antidiabetic activities. Piperlongumine induces ROS, and induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Piperlongumine shows anti-cardiac fibrosis activity, suppresses myofibroblast transformation via suppression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Piperlongumin could be used in the study of migrasome.
    Piperlongumine
  • HY-15433
    Quisinostat
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Quisinostat (JNJ-26481585) is a potent, second-generation and orally active pan-HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), with IC50 values ranging from 0.11 nM to 0.64 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4, HDAC10 and HDAC11. Quisinostat has a broad spectrum antitumoral activity. Quisinostat can induce autophagy in neuroblastoma cells.
    Quisinostat
  • HY-N0678
    Icaritin
    		Inducer 99.27%
    Icaritin (Anhydroicaritin) is a prenylflavonoid derivative from Epimedium brevicornuMaxim. and potently inhibits proliferation of K562 cells (IC50 of 8 µM) and primary CML cells (IC50 of 13.4 µM for CML-CP and 18 µM for CML-BC). Icaritin can regulate MAPK/ERK/JNK and JAK2/STAT3 /AKT signalings, also enhances osteogenesis[3.
    Icaritin
  • HY-128359
    ACBI1
    		Inducer 99.92%
    ACBI1 is a potent and cooperative SMARCA2, SMARCA4 and PBRM1 degrader with DC50s of 6, 11 and 32 nM, respectively. ACBI1 is a PROTAC degrader. ACBI1 shows anti-proliferative activity. ACBI1 induces apoptosis.
    ACBI1
  • HY-P1902
    Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12)
    		Inducer 99.56%
    Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) is a membrane active peptide that specifically targets negatively charged phospholipid membranes (such as phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol) and can be isolated from the venom of the Taiwan cobra. Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) is a snake venom cardiotoxin that binds to cell membranes and embeds into lipid bilayers through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic attraction, thereby destroying the stability of membrane structure. Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) can induce membrane lipid disorder and cell lysis, exhibiting hemolysis and cytotoxicity.
    Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12)
  • HY-130250
    SR-4835
    		Inducer 99.73%
    SR-4835 is a potent, highly selective and ATP competitive dual inhibitor of CDK12/CDK13 (CDK12: IC50=99 nM, Kd=98 nM; CDK13: Kd=4.9 nM). SR-4835 acts in synergy with DNA-damaging chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors and provokes triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell death.
    SR-4835
  • HY-10521
    Darapladib
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Darapladib (SB-480848) is an orally active, selective and reversible Lp-PLA2 inhibitor (IC50=0.25 nM). Darapladib can trigger irreversible actions on glioma cell apoptosis and induce cycle arrest. Darapladib can be used in the study of atherosclerosis and cancer.
    Darapladib
  • HY-103248
    Toyocamycin
    		Inducer 99.78%
    Toyocamycin (Vengicide) is an adenosine analog produced by Streptomyces diastatochromogenes, acts as an XBP1 inhibitor. Toyocamycin blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and induces apoptosis. Toyocamycin affects IRE1α-XBP1 pathway, and inhibits XBP1 mRNA cleavage with an IC50 value of 80 nM with affecting IRE1α auto-phosphorylation. Toyocamycin specifically inhibits CDK9 with an IC50 value of 79 nM.
    Toyocamycin
  • HY-101462
    RAD51 Inhibitor B02
    		Inducer 99.89%
    RAD51 Inhibitor B02 (B02) is an inhibitor of human RAD51 with an IC50 of 27.4 μM.
    RAD51 Inhibitor B02
  • HY-10115
    PI-103
    		Inducer 99.82%
    PI-103 is a potent PI3K and mTOR inhibitor with IC50s of 8 nM, 88 nM, 48 nM, 150 nM, 20 nM, and 83 nM for p110α, p110β, p110δ, p110γ, mTORC1, and mTORC2. PI-103 also inhibits DNA-PK with an IC50 of 2 nM. PI-103 induces autophagy.
    PI-103
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity