2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W014666
    Xanthurenic acid
    		Inducer 99.45%
    Xanthurenic acid is a putative endogenous Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, on sensory transmission in the thalamus.
    Xanthurenic acid
  • HY-N0115
    Gastrodin
    		Inhibitor 99.94%
    Gastrodin, a main constituent of a Chinese herbal medicine Tianma, has been known to display anti-inflammatory effects. Gastrodin inhibits ethanol-induced hepatocellular apoptosis. Gastrodin inhibits H2O2-induced ferroptosis through its antioxidative effect. Gastrodin can be used for study of dizziness, epilepsy, stroke and dementia.
    Gastrodin
  • HY-101462
    RAD51 Inhibitor B02
    		Inducer 99.89%
    RAD51 Inhibitor B02 (B02) is an inhibitor of human RAD51 with an IC50 of 27.4 μM.
    RAD51 Inhibitor B02
  • HY-100354
    C16-Ceramide
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    C16-Ceramide is a natural small molecule activating p53 through the direct and selective binding.
    C16-Ceramide
  • HY-15433
    Quisinostat
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Quisinostat (JNJ-26481585) is a potent, second-generation and orally active pan-HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), with IC50 values ranging from 0.11 nM to 0.64 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4, HDAC10 and HDAC11. Quisinostat has a broad spectrum antitumoral activity. Quisinostat can induce autophagy in neuroblastoma cells.
    Quisinostat
  • HY-100675
    JTE-013
    		Inducer 99.92%
    JTE-013 is a potent and specific S1P2 (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate 2; EDG-5) antagonist. JTE-013 inhibits the specific binding of radiolabeled S1P to human and rat S1P2 with IC50s of 17 nM and 22 nM, respectively.
    JTE-013
  • HY-13296
    PYR-41
    		Inducer 98.0%
    PYR-41 is a selective and cell permeable inhibitor of ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 with an IC50 of < 10 μM, with little activity at E2 and E3.
    PYR-41
  • HY-10257
    BAY 11-7085
    		Inducer 99.99%
    BAY 11-7085 (BAY 11-7083) is an inhibitor of NF-κB activation and phosphorylation of IκBα; it stabilizes IκBα with an IC50 of 10 μM.
    BAY 11-7085
  • HY-B0809
    Theophylline
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) is a potent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activator. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) inhibits PDE3 activity to relax airway smooth muscle. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) has anti-inflammatory activity by increase IL-10 and inhibit NF-κB into the nucleus. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) induces apoptosis. Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) can be used for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) research.
    Theophylline
  • HY-139414
    Lysophosphatidylcholines
    		≥99.0%
    Lysophosphatidylcholines is an orally active lysolipid and a component of oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL). Lysophosphatidylcholines induces cell injury, the production of IL-1β and apoptosis. Lysophosphatidylcholines has a proactive effect on sepsis.
    Lysophosphatidylcholines
  • HY-N2329
    Piperlongumine
    		Inducer 99.86%
    Piperlongumine is a alkaloid, possesses ant-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antitumor, and antidiabetic activities. Piperlongumine induces ROS, and induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Piperlongumine shows anti-cardiac fibrosis activity, suppresses myofibroblast transformation via suppression of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Piperlongumin could be used in the study of migrasome.
    Piperlongumine
  • HY-B0199
    Mycophenolate Mofetil
    		Inducer 99.83%
    Mycophenolate mofetil (RS 61443) is the morpholinoethylester proagent of Mycophenolic acid. Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits de novo purine synthesis via the inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Mycophenolate mofetil shows selective lymphocyte antiproliferative effects involve both T and B cells, preventing antibody formation.
    Mycophenolate Mofetil
  • HY-B0486
    Lonidamine
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Lonidamine (AF-1890) is a hexokinase and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor (Ki: 2.5 μM). Lonidamine also inhibits aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Lonidamine can be used in the research of mitochondrial metabolism and inflammation, such as pulmonary fibrosis.
    Lonidamine
  • HY-15858
    AP-III-a4
    		Inducer 99.87%
    AP-III-a4 (ENOblock) is a nonsubstrate analogue enolase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.576 uM. AP-III-a4 can be used for the research of cancer and diabetic.
    AP-III-a4
  • HY-112163
    Zotatifin
    		Inducer 99.69%
    Zotatifin (eFT226) is a potent, selective, and well-tolerated eIF4A inhibitor. Zotatifin promotes eIF4A binding to specific mRNA sequences with recognition motifs in the 5’-UTRs (IC50=2 nM) and interferes with the assembly of the eIF4F initiation complex. Zotatifin shows robust antiviral effects, it effectively reduces viral infectivity by inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 NP protein biogenesis (IC90=37 nM). Zotatifin induces cell apoptosis.
    Zotatifin
  • HY-N0678
    Icaritin
    		Inducer 99.06%
    Icaritin (Anhydroicaritin) is a prenylflavonoid derivative from Epimedium brevicornuMaxim. and potently inhibits proliferation of K562 cells (IC50 of 8 µM) and primary CML cells (IC50 of 13.4 µM for CML-CP and 18 µM for CML-BC). Icaritin can regulate MAPK/ERK/JNK and JAK2/STAT3 /AKT signalings, also enhances osteogenesis[3.
    Icaritin
  • HY-19609
    Calicheamicin
    		Inducer 98.28%
    Calicheamicin, an antitumor antibiotic, is a cytotoxic agent that causes double-strand DNA breaks. Calicheamicin is a DNA synthesis inhibitor. Calicheamicin is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Calicheamicin
  • HY-14541
    Olanzapine
    		Inducer 99.96%
    Olanzapine (LY170053) is a selective, orally active monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity binding to serotonin H1, 5HT2A/2C, 5HT3, 5HT6 (Ki=7, 4, 11, 57, and 5 nM, respectively), dopamine D1-4 (Ki=11 to 31 nM), muscarinic M1-5 (Ki=1.9-25 nM), and adrenergic α1 receptor (Ki=19 nM). Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic.
    Olanzapine
  • HY-153811
    IAG933
    		Activator 99.81%
    IAG933 (YAP-TEAD-IN-3) is an orally available YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitor that has anti-tumor effects and promotes apoptosis. IAG933 YAP-TEAD-IN-3 inhibits Avi-human TEAD4217-434, with an IC50 value of 9 nM.
    IAG933
  • HY-P1902
    Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12)
    		Inducer 99.56%
    Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) is a membrane active peptide that specifically targets negatively charged phospholipid membranes (such as phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol) and can be isolated from the venom of the Taiwan cobra. Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) is a snake venom cardiotoxin that binds to cell membranes and embeds into lipid bilayers through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic attraction, thereby destroying the stability of membrane structure. Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12) can induce membrane lipid disorder and cell lysis, exhibiting hemolysis and cytotoxicity.
    Cardiotoxin Analog (CTX) IV (6-12)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity