2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-173008
    YTHDF2-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.42%
    YTHDF2-IN-1 (Compound CK-75) is the inhibitor for YT521-B homology domain family 2 YTHDF2 (Kd=26.2 μM), that blocks the interaction between YTHDF2 and m6A RNA. YTHDF2-IN-1 inhibits the colony formation of JAR cells, exhibits antiproliferative activity in a variety of cancer cells (IC50 in micromolar levels), arrests the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, induces apoptosis in K562.
    YTHDF2-IN-1
  • HY-106506
    Desciclovir
    		Control 99.94%
    Desciclovir is a potent and orally active proagent of the antiherpetic agent Acyclovir (ACV). Desciclovir is converted to acyclovir in vivo by xanthine oxidase.
    Desciclovir
  • HY-B0166S6
    L-Ascorbic acid-d2
    		99.90%
    L-Ascorbic acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled L-Ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid (L-Ascorbate), an electron donor, is an endogenous antioxidant agent. L-Ascorbic acid inhibits selectively Cav3.2 channels with an IC50 of 6.5 μM. L-Ascorbic acid is also a colla
    L-Ascorbic acid-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-P99662
    Indusatumab vedotin
    		Inducer
    Indusatumab vedotin (MLN-0264; AKT-264) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) consisting of the human anti-guanylate cyclase C (GCC) antibody linked to a microtubule-disruptor Monomethyl auristatin (HY-15162). Indusatumab vedotin has anti-proliferative effects on pancreas cancer cell lines. Indusatumab vedotin arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces apoptosis.
    Indusatumab vedotin
  • HY-101170
    BU224 hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    BU224 hydrochloride is a selective and high affinity imidazoline I2 receptor ligand, with a Ki of 2.1 nM. BU224 hydrochloride is sometimes used as an I2 receptor antagonist. BU224 hydrochloride exerts neuroprotective effects, with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. BU224 hydrochloride improves memory in 5XFAD mice, enlarging dendritic spines and reducing Aβ-induced changes in NMDARs. BU224 hydrochloride can be used for Alzheimer's disease research.
    BU224 hydrochloride
  • HY-N4302
    Monensin
    		Inducer
    Monensin (Monensin A), an orally active antibiotic, is an ionophore that mediates Na+/H+ exchange. Monensin is a potent Wnt signaling inhibitor. Monensin causes a marked enlargement of the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and regulates exosome secretion. Monensin can be used for bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections research, and shows anticancer effects.
    Monensin
  • HY-155840
    KH16
    		Inducer 98.62%
    KH16 is a potent and low nanomolar HDAC inhibitor. KH16 is against class I HDACs HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, with IC50 values ranging from 6 to 34 nM. KH16 induces cell apoptosis and is against tumor cells with various gene expression patterns.
    KH16
  • HY-P2136F
    Biotin-COG1410 TFA
    		Inhibitor 99.25%
    Biotin-COG1410 TFA is a biotin labled COG1410 (HY-P2136). COG1410 is an apolipoprotein E-derived peptide and an apoptosis inhibitor. COG1410 exerts neuroprotective and antiinflammatory effects in a murine model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). COG1410 can be used for the research of neurological disease.
    Biotin-COG1410 TFA
  • HY-N0368R
    Linalool (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Linalool (Standard) is the analytical standard of Linalool. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Linalool is natural monoterpene in essential olis of coriander, acts as a competitive antagonist of Nmethyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, with anti-tumor, anti-cardiotoxicity activity.Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome.
    Linalool (Standard)
  • HY-N0168AS1
    (Rac)-Hesperetin-13C,d3
    		Inducer 99.3%
    (Rac)-Hesperetin-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled (Rac)-Hesperetin. (Rac)-Hesperetin is the racemate of Hesperetin. Hesperetin is a natural flavanone, and acts as a potent and broad-spectrum inhibitor against human UGT activity. Hesperetin induces apoptosis via p38 MAPK activation.
    (Rac)-Hesperetin-<sup>13</sup>C,d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N11439
    Albanol B
    		Inducer 99.79%
    Albanol B is an arylbenzofuran derivative which can be isolated from mulberries. Albanol B exhibits anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-bacterial and antioxidant activities. Albanol B inhibits cancer cells proliferation, down-regulates CDK1 expression. Albanol B also induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M and apoptosis. And Albanol B induces mitochondrial ROS production and increases the phosphorylation levels of AKT and ERK1/2.
    Albanol B
  • HY-129746
    Arylquin 1
    		Inducer 99.20%
    Arylquin 1, a prostate-apoptosis-response-4 (Par-4) secretagogue, targets vimentin to induce Par-4 secretion. Arylquin 1 induces non-apoptotic cell death in cancer cells through the induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP).
    Arylquin 1
  • HY-118480
    4-MMPB
    		Inducer 98.54%
    4-MMPB is a selective inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase, with an IC50 of 18 μM. 4-MMPB has IC50s of 19.5 μM and 19.1 μM for soybean 15-lipoxygenase (SLO) and human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1), respectively. 4-MMPB has potential for the research of prostate cancer.
    4-MMPB
  • HY-Y0284
    Diethyl phthalate
    		99.87%
    Diethyl phthalate is an endocrine disruptor that has the activity of affecting the apoptosis system of PC12 cells. Diethyl phthalate is widely used in a variety of plastics and personal care products. Diethyl phthalate has shown the potential to induce male reproductive toxicity unrelated to androgens in animal experiments.
    Diethyl phthalate
  • HY-147914
    NSD2-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.72%
    NSD2-IN-1 (compound 38) is a potent and high selective NSD2-PWWP1 (nuclear receptor-binding SET domain 2-PWWP1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.11 μM. NSD2-IN-1 can bind to NSD2-PWWP1 and then affect the expression of genes regulated by NSD2. NSD2-IN-1 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
    NSD2-IN-1
  • HY-124735
    RH01687
    		Inhibitor 99.85%
    RH01687 is a compound that can protect pancreatic β cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death. RH01687 has the potential for the research of diabetes.
    RH01687
  • HY-N3085
    Phellamurin
    		Inducer
    Phellamurin is a plant flavonone glycoside from the leaves of Phellodendron amurense and inhibits intestinal P-glycoprotein. Phellamurin also inhibits egg laying by Papilio protenor. Phellamurin induces cells apoptosis and has anti-tumor activity.
    Phellamurin
  • HY-B0318S
    Metronidazole-13C2,15N2
    		Inducer 99.30%
    Metronidazole-13C2,15N2 is the 13C-labeled and 15N-labeled Metronidazole. Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic medication used particularly for anaerobic bacteria and protozoa.
    Metronidazole-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-14608S4
    L-Glutamic acid-13C5,15N,d5
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    L-Glutamic acid-13C5,15N,d5 is the deuterium, 13C-, and 15-labeled L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory transmitter and an agonist at all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.
    L-Glutamic acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub>,<sup>15</sup>N,d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-149636
    Multi-target kinase inhibitor 2
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Multi-target kinase inhibitor 2 is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, and exhibits activity against EGFR, Her2, VEGFR2, and CDK2 enzymes, with IC50 values of 79 nM, 40 nM,136 nM, and 204 nM, respectively. Multi-target kinase inhibitor 2 shows cytotoxic effects were observed against HepG2, HeLa , MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, with IC50 of 41, 57, 51 and 59 μM. Multi-target kinase inhibitor 2 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
    Multi-target kinase inhibitor 2
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity