2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-16560S
    Camptothecin-d5
    		Inducer 99.61%
    Camptothecin-d5 is the deuterium labeled Camptothecin. Camptothecin (CPT), a kind of alkaloid, is a DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) inhibitor with an IC50 of 679 nM. Camptothecin (CPT) exhibits powerful antineoplastic activity against colorectal, breast, lung and ovarian cancers, modulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity by changing microRNAs (miRNA) expression patterns in human cancer cells.
    Camptothecin-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-18085S1
    Quercetin-d3
    		Inducer
    Quercetin-d3 is the deuterium labeled Quercetin. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, is a stimulator of recombinant SIRT1 and also a PI3K inhibitor with IC50 of 2.4 μM, 3.0 μM and 5.4 μM for PI3K γ, PI3K δ and PI3K β, respectively.
    Quercetin-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-B0965AS
    Thioridazine-d3 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.19%
    Thioridazine-d3 (hydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Thioridazine. Thioridazine, an antagonist of the dopamine receptor D2 family proteins, exhibits potent anti-psychotic and anti-anxiety activities. Thioridazine is also a potent inhibitor of PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathways with anti-angiogenic effect. Thioridazine shows antiproliferative and apoptosis induction effects in various types of cancer cells, with specificity on targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs).
    Thioridazine-d<sub>3</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-90006S
    5-Fluorouracil-d
    		Inducer 99.42%
    5-Fluorouracil-d is the deuterium labeled 5-Fluorouracil. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an analogue of uracil and a potent antitumor agent. 5-Fluorouracil affects pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthetase thus depleting intracellular dTTP pools. 5-Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and can be used as a chemical sensitizer. 5-Fluorouracil also inhibits HIV.
    5-Fluorouracil-d
  • HY-B0863S2
    Glyphosate-d2-1
    		99.89%
    Glyphosate-d2-1 is the deuterium labeled Glyphosate. Glyphosate is an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine. Glyphosate targets and blocks a plant metabolic pathway not found in animals, the shikimate pathway, required for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants.
    Glyphosate-d<sub>2</sub>-1
  • HY-125542
    DCZ3301
    		Inducer 99.73%
    DCZ3301 is a potent aryl-guanidino inhibitor. DCZ3301 inhibits cell proliferation, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. DCZ3301 inhibits the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway by downregulating the protein expression of PI3K and phosphorylation of AKT. DCZ3301 can be used in research of cancer.
    DCZ3301
  • HY-161276
    BFC1108
    		Inducer 98.11%
    BFC1108 is a small molecule Bcl-2 functional converter. BFC1108 induces a conformational change in Bcl-2, resulting in the exposure of its BH3 domain both in vitro and in vivo. BFC1108 effectively induces apoptosis in Bcl-2 expressing cancers..
    BFC1108
  • HY-N6706
    Enniatin complex
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Enniatin complex is a mixture of cyclohexadepsipeptides isolated largely from Fusarium species of fungi, and has ionophoric, antibiotic, and in vitro hypolipidaemic properties. Enniatin complex inhibits enzymes like acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyl transferase and induces apoptosis in several cancer lines .
    Enniatin complex
  • HY-N4327
    Eurycomalactone
    		Inducer 98.99%
    Eurycomalactone is an active quassinoid could be isolated from Eurycoma longifolia Jack. Eurycomalactone is a potent NF-κB inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.5 μM. Eurycomalactone inhibits protein synthesis and depletes cyclin D1. Eurycomalactone enhances radiosensitivity through arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase and delayed DNA double-strand break repair. Eurycomalactone inhibits the activation of AKT/NF-κB signaling, induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity to Cisplatin (HY-17394).
    Eurycomalactone
  • HY-121199
    Germanicol
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Germanicol is a selective antineoplastic agent against human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and HT29 . Germanicol induces apoptosis via chromatin condensation and DNA damage.
    Germanicol
  • HY-113053
    Prostaglandin A1
    		Inhibitor 98%
    Prostaglandin A1 is a dehydration derivate of Prostaglandin E1. Prostaglandin A1 exhibits inhibitory activities against tumor growth, inflammation, virus replication, platelet aggregation and excitotoxin-induced neurons apoptosis.
    Prostaglandin A1
  • HY-157343A
    GD3 Ganglioside sodium
    		≥98.0%
    GD3 Ganglioside sodium is a prominent ganglioside of human melanoma. GD3 Ganglioside sodium is an inducer of mitochondrial permeability. GD3 ganglioside directly targets mitochondria in a bcl-2-controlled fashion. GD3 ganglioside is rapidly synthesized from accumulated ceramide after the clustering of death-inducing receptors and triggers apoptosis.
    GD3 Ganglioside sodium
  • HY-162796
    TS-2
    		98.27%
    TS-2 is a fluorescent ligand of c-Myc G4 with anticancer activity. TS-2 inhibits the growth of cancer cells and induces apoptosis of cancer cells by targeting the c-MYC oncogene promoter G4, causing transcriptional repression of the c-Myc oncogene.
    TS-2
  • HY-12305A
    (R)-Q-VD-OPh
    (R)-Q-VD-OPh ((R)-QVD-OPH) is the less active enantiomer of Q-VD-OPha. Q-VD-OPha is an irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor with potent antiapoptotic properties.
    (R)-Q-VD-OPh
  • HY-N2359
    Chelerythrine
    		Inducer
    Chelerythrine is a natural alkaloid, acts as a potent and selective Ca2+/phospholopid-dependent PKC antagonist, with an IC50 of 0.7 μM. Chelerythrine has antitumor, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity. Chelerythrine inhibits the BclXL-Bak BH3 peptide binding with IC50 of 1.5 μM and displaces Bax from BclXL. Chelerythrine triggers apoptosis and autophagy.
    Chelerythrine
  • HY-147973
    IZTZ-1
    		Inducer
    IZTZ-1, an imidazole-benzothiazole conjugate, is a c-MYC G4 ligand. IZTZ-1 is able to downregulate the c-MYC expression by stabilizing c-MYC G4. IZTZ-1 induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation in B16 cells. IZTZ-1 shows antitumor activity, and can be used for melanoma research.
    IZTZ-1
  • HY-103255
    CFM-4
    		Inducer 98.85%
    CFM-4 is a potent small molecular antagonist of CARP-1/APC-2 binding. CFM-4 prevents CARP-1 binding with APC-2, causes G2M cell cycle arrest, and induces apoptosis with an IC50 range of 10-15 μM. CFM-4 also suppresses growth of drug-resistant human breast cancer cells.
    CFM-4
  • HY-19934
    Pifusertib
    		Inducer
    Pifusertib (TAS-117) is a potent, selective, orally active allosteric Akt inhibitor (with IC50s of 4.8, 1.6, and 44 nM for Akt1, 2, and 3, respectively). Pifusertib triggers anti-myeloma activities and enhances fatal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by proteasome inhibition. Pifusertib induces apoptosis and autophagy.
    Pifusertib
  • HY-158061
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 20
    		Inducer 98.44%
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 20 (Compound 3e) is a potent topoisomerase II (Topoisomerase II) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.98 µM. Topoisomerase II inhibitor 20 induces apoptosis and has broad-spectrum anticancer activity.
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 20
  • HY-168608
    TRPM7-IN-1
    		Inducer
    TRPM7-IN-1 (compound SUD), a benzoylurea derivative, is an effective TRPM7 inhibitor. TRPM7-IN-1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, decreases the migration of MCF-7 and BGC-823 cells. TRPM7-IN-1 decreases vimentin expression and increases E-cadherin expression. TRPM7-IN-1 potentially reduces the TRPM7-like current and decreases TRPM7 expression through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. TRPM7-IN-1 is a potential agent to suppress the metastasis of breast and gastric cancer by inhibiting TRPM7 expression and function.
    TRPM7-IN-1
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity