2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-150636
    Autophagy-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.18%
    Autophagy-IN-1 is a potent autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor, acts by selectively increasing the autophagic flux while blocking the autophagosome-lysosome fusion in cancer cells. Autophagy-IN-1 can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Autophagy-IN-1 significantly inhibits tumor growth in an HCT116 xenograft mouse model and with low toxicity. Autophagy-IN-1 can be used for researching colorectal cancer.
    Autophagy-IN-1
  • HY-100155
    4-IBP
    		98.90%
    4-IBP is a selective σ₁ receptor agonist with high affinity for the σ₁ receptor (Ki =1.7 nM) and moderate affinity for the σ₂ receptor (Ki = 25.2 nM). 4-IBP can make cancer cells more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of pro-apoptotic and pro-autophagic compounds. 4-IBP significantly reduces the migration ability of a variety of cancer cells. 4-IBP is mainly used in glioblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer research.
    4-IBP
  • HY-138789
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-NH2
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-Piperazine-PEG1-NH2
  • HY-129704A
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 TFA
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 TFA is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-C6-NH2 TFA
  • HY-130853
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG2-C2-NH-Boc
    		Inducer 98.37%
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG2-C2-NH-Boc is a synthesized?E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate?that incorporates the?Thalidomide?based cereblon ligand and a PEG linker used for dBRD9 (compound 6) synthesis. dBRD9 is a selective BRD9 probe PROTAC degrader for the study of BAF complex biology.
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG2-C2-NH-Boc
  • HY-B0190
    Nafamostat
    Nafamostat, an anticoagulant, is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor. Nafamostat has anticancer and antivirus effect. Nafamostat induce apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1). Nafamostat can be used in the development of the pathological thickening of the arterial wall.
    Nafamostat
  • HY-17406S1
    Tolcapone-d4
    		Inducer 99.13%
    Tolcapone-d4 is the deuterium labeled Tolcapone. Tolcapone (Ro 40-7592) is a selective, orally active and powerful mixed (peripheral and central) COMT inhibitor with an IC50 of 773?nM in the liver. Tolcapone is also a potent inhibitor of α-syn and Aβ42 oligomerization and fibrillogenesis. Tolcapone induces oxidative stress leading to apoptosis and inhibition of tumor growth in neuroblastoma.
    Tolcapone-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-107093
    MBC-11
    		Inducer
    MBC-11 is a first-in-class conjugate of the bone-targeting bisphosphonate etidronate covalently linked to the antimetabolite cytarabine (araC). MBC-11 has the potential for tumor-induced bone disease (TIBD) research.
    MBC-11
  • HY-130964B
    Thalidomide-PEG4-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-PEG4-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-PEG4-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-129703A
    Thalidomide-PEG2-C2-NH2 TFA
    		Inducer 99.39%
    Thalidomide-PEG2-C2-NH2 TFA is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 2-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-PEG2-C2-NH2 TFA
  • HY-131646
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C3-PEG3-C1-NH2
    		Inducer 99.08%
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C3-PEG3-C1-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 3-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C3-PEG3-C1-NH2
  • HY-16569S1
    Colchicine-d3
    		Modulator 99.24%
    Colchicine-d3 is the deuterium labeled Colchicine. Colchicine is a tubulin inhibitor and a microtubule disrupting agent. Colchicine inhibits microtubule polymerization with an IC50 of 3 nM. Colchicine is also a competitive antagonist of the α3 glycine receptors (GlyRs).
    Colchicine-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-107440
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2 (Cereblon Ligand-Linker Conjugates 3) is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 3-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2
  • HY-13062A
    Daunorubicin
    		Inducer
    Daunorubicin (Daunomycin) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity. Daunorubicin inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Daunorubicin is a cytotoxin that inhibits cancer cell viability and induces apoptosis and necrosis. Daunorubicin is also an anthracycline antibiotic. Daunorubicin can be used in the research of infection and variety of cancers, including leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor.
    Daunorubicin
  • HY-107020
    BMS 310705
    		Inducer 99.10%
    BMS 310705 (21-Aminoepothilone B) is an analog of Epothilone B (HY-17029), targeting to malignancies such as ovarian, renal, bladder, and lung carcinoma. BMS 310705 induces significant apoptosis via mitochondrial-mediated pathway.
    BMS 310705
  • HY-18174B
    Prexasertib Mesylate Hydrate
    		Inducer
    Prexasertib Mesylate Hydrate (LY2606368 Mesylate Hydrate) is a selective, ATP-competitive second-generation checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor with a Ki of 0.9 nM and an IC50 of <1 nM. Prexasertib Mesylate Hydrate inhibits CHK2 (IC50=8 nM) and RSK1 (IC50=9 nM). Prexasertib Mesylate Hydrate causes double-stranded DNA breakage and replication catastrophe resulting in apoptosis. Prexasertib Mesylate Hydrate shows potent anti-tumor activity.
    Prexasertib Mesylate Hydrate
  • HY-P3211
    Nangibotide
    		Inhibitor 98.27%
    Nangibotide (LR12) is a synthetic peptide and TREM-1 receptor inhibitor. Nangibotide inhibits NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduces the release of pro-inflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-8). Nangibotide inhibits Apoptosis. Nangibotide reduces excessive inflammatory responses and protects tissues (liver, lung) from damage. Nangibotide can be used in the researches for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, septic shock, acute lung injury, osteoarthritis, and acute liver failure.
    Nangibotide
  • HY-141429
    AS-99 free base
    		Inducer
    AS-99 is a first-in-class, potent and selective ASH1L histone methyltransferase inhibitor (IC50= 0.79 µM, Kd= 0.89 µM) with anti-leukemic activity. AS-99 blocks cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and differentiation, downregulates MLL fusion target genes, and reduces the leukemia burden in vivo.
    AS-99 free base
  • HY-13067R
    Celastrol (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Celastrol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Celastrol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Celastrol (Tripterine;Tripterin) is a proteasome inhibitor which potently and preferentially inhibits the chymotrypsin-like activity of a purified 20S proteasome with IC50 of 2.5 μM.
    Celastrol (Standard)
  • HY-108692S
    Enterolactone-d6
    		Inducer
    Enterolactone-d6 is the deuterium labeled Enterolactone. Enterolactone is a bioactive phenolic metabolite known as a mammalian lignan derived from dietary lignans. Enterolactone has estrogenic properties and anti-breast cancer activity. Enterolactone is a radiosensitizer for human breast cancer cell lines through impaired DNA repair and increased apoptosis.
    Enterolactone-d<sub>6</sub>
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity