2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-152236
    PRMT6-IN-3
    		Inducer 99.66%
    PRMT6-IN-3 (compound 25) is a selective PRMT6 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 192 nM. PRMT6-IN-3 can induce apoptosis in cancer cells and has anticancer activity.
    PRMT6-IN-3
  • HY-32345
    Elocalcitol
    		Inducer 99.2%
    Elocalcitol (BXL-628), a vitamin D analogue, is a selective, orally active vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonist. Elocalcitol shows anti-inflammatory activity. Elocalcitol inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells.
    Elocalcitol
  • HY-N8517
    Malabaricone B
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Malabaricone B, a naturally occurring plant phenolic, is an orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor with an IC50 of 63.7 µM. Malabaricone B has anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-oxidation and antidiabetic activities.
    Malabaricone B
  • HY-NP131
    Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen (10.4kDa)
    		Inducer
    Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen 10.4kDa is a novel biomaterial that have anticancer effects. Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen 10.4kDa activates discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), and thus inhibits autophagy, proliferation, and migration of cancer cells, and induces apoptosis.
    Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen (10.4kDa)
  • HY-N2005
    Cycleanine
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Cycleanine is a potent vascular selective Calcium antagonist. Cycleanine has analgesic, muscle relaxant and anti-inflammatory activities. Cycleanine has potential for anti-ovarian cancer acting through the apoptosis pathway.
    Cycleanine
  • HY-160843
    NCAO
    		Inducer 98.07%
    N-ω-chloroacetyl-L-ornithine (NCAO) is a potent reversible competitive ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor that exerts cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on tumor cell lines with EC50 values ranging from 1 to 50.6 µM. NCAO induces tumor cell Apoptosis and inhibits tumor cell migration in vitro. NCAO also exhibits a potent antitumor activity against both solid and ascitic tumors in a mouse model using the myeloma (Ag8) cell line. NCAO is promising for research of antitumor agents.
    NCAO
  • HY-N7654
    (-)-Epipodophyllotoxin
    		Inducer 99.95%
    (-)-Epipodophyllotoxin (2) is an antiproliferative agent against cancer cells isolated from American mayapple Podophyllum peltatum, with GI50s of 0.36 and 0.24 μM in HeLa cells and MCF-7 cells, respectively. (-)-Epipodophyllotoxin can inhibit mitotic spindle assembly in vitro.
    (-)-Epipodophyllotoxin
  • HY-32735S
    Triptolide-d3
    		Inducer
    Triptolide-d3 is the deuterium labeled Triptolide. Triptolide is a diterpenoid triepoxide extracted from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii with immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antitumour effects. Triptolide is a NF-κB activation inhibitor.
    Triptolide-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-16322A
    Minodronic acid hydrate
    		Inducer 99.67%
    Minodronic acid (YM-529) hydrate is a third-generation bisphosphonate that directly and indirectly prevents proliferation, induces apoptosis, and inhibits metastasis of various types of cancer cells. Minodronic acid (YM-529) is an antagonist of purinergic P2X2/3 receptors involved in pain.
    Minodronic acid hydrate
  • HY-10218S
    Everolimus-d4
    		Inducer 98.74%
    Everolimus-d4 is the deuterium labeled Everolimus. Everolimus (RAD001) is a Rapamycin derivative and a potent, selective and orally active mTOR1 inhibitor. Everolimus binds to FKBP-12 to generate an immunosuppressive complex. Everolimus inhibits tumor cells proliferation and induces cell apoptosis and autophagy. Everolimus has potent immunosuppressive and anticancer activities.
    Everolimus-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-N4164
    Schinifoline
    		Inducer 99.85%
    Schinifoline, a 4-quinolinone derivative isolated from Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb, improves radiosensitizing effect, and effects cell cycle and apoptotic-inducing effects in cancer .
    Schinifoline
  • HY-147291
    VPC-70063
    		Inducer 99.92%
    VPC-70063 is a potent Myc-Max inhibitor with an IC50 value of 8.9 μM for Myc-Max transcriptional activity inhibition. VPC-70063 reduces UBE2C promotor activity and AR-V7 levels, and induces PARP cleavage. VPC-70063 induces apoptosis and blocks Myc-Max interactions with DNA. VPC-70063 can be used for researching anticancer.
    VPC-70063
  • HY-147027
    PARP-1-IN-2
    		Inducer 99.48%
    PARP-1-IN-2 (compound 11g) is a potent and BBB-penetrated PARP1 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 149 nM. PARP1-IN-2 shows significantly potent anti-proliferative activity against Human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549. PARP1-IN-2 can induce A549 cells apoptosis.
    PARP-1-IN-2
  • HY-P1860A
    TNF-α (31-45), human TFA
    		Inducer
    TNF-α (31-45), human TFA is a potent NF-kB pathway activator. TNF-αis a proinflammatory cytokine that induces necrosis or apoptosis. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis.
    TNF-α (31-45), human TFA
  • HY-W017443S1
    L-Asparagine-amide-15N monohydrate
    		99.80%
    L-Asparagine-amide-15N monohydrate is the 15N-labeled L-Asparagine monohydrate (HY-W017443). L-Asparagine monohydrate is an essential amino acid for leukemic cells and a substrate for L-Asparaginase. L-Asparaginase is a potent anti-leukemic enzyme that promotes asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) depletion and inhibits protein biosynthesis in lymphoblasts. Removal of L-asparagine from plasma by L-Asparaginase results in inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and subsequent apoptosis. L-Asparaginase has cell-killing ability in vitro and in vivo, and selectively inhibits the growth of cancer cells with low asparagine synthetase (AASNS) expression. L-Asparagine monohydrate can be used as a biomarker and sensor for the study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    L-Asparagine-amide-<sup>15</sup>N monohydrate
  • HY-111954
    (+)-Erinacin A
    		99.97%
    (+)-Erinacin A (Erinacine A) is a cyanoditerpenoid isolated from Hericium erinaceus with anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. (+)-Erinacin A can induce cancer cell death by activating extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. (+)-Erinacin A can also inhibit the expression of NO synthase (iNOS) and the production of nitrotyrosine to exert inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, thereby reducing ischemic brain damage.
    (+)-Erinacin A
  • HY-116894
    Rotundifuran
    		Activator 98.35%
    Rotundifuran, a labdane type diterpene, is isolated from Vitex rotundifolia. Rotundifuran can inhibit the cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis in human myeloid leukaemia cells.
    Rotundifuran
  • HY-NP019
    Agkistrodon halys batroxobin
    		Inhibitor
    Agkistrodon halys batroxobin is a thrombin-like serine protease. Agkistrodon halys batroxobin reduces the expression of Sirt1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in brain tissue. Agkistrodon halys batroxobin reduces cleaved caspase-3 expression and inhibits neuronal apoptosis in rat.
    Agkistrodon halys batroxobin
  • HY-N3968
    Goniothalamin
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Goniothalamin (GTN) is styryllactone with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive properties. Goniothalamin induces cytotoxicity, DNA damage and apoptosis of a variety of cancer cell lines.
    Goniothalamin
  • HY-135396
    (1S,2S)-Bortezomib
    		Inducer
    (1S,2S)-Bortezomib is an enantiomer of Bortezomib. Bortezomib is a cell-permeable, reversible, and selective proteasome inhibitor, and potently inhibits 20S proteasome (Ki of 0.6 nM) by targeting a threonine residue. Bortezomib disrupts the cell cycle, induces apoptosis, and inhibits NF-κB. Bortezomib is an anti-cancer agent and the first therapeutic proteasome inhibitor to be used in humans.
    (1S,2S)-Bortezomib
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity