2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-141600
    Aprutumab ixadotin
    		Inducer 98.99%
    Aprutumab ixadotin (BAY 1187982) is the first antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to target FGFR2 and the first to use Auristatin-based payload. Aprutumab ixadotin contains a fully human anti-FGFR2 monoclonal antibody (Aprutumab) (HY-P99007) conjugated by lysine side chains to a non-cleavable linker and via this an innovative Auristatin W derivative. Aprutumab ixadotin can be used for the study of advanced solid tumors, such as FGFR2-positive gastric cancer and triple-negative breast cancer.
    Aprutumab ixadotin
  • HY-13624
    Epirubicin
    		Inducer 98.45%
    Epirubicin (4'-Epidoxorubicin), a semisynthetic L-arabino derivative of doxorubicin, has an antineoplastic agent by inhibiting Topoisomerase. Epirubicin inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. Epirubicin is a Forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) inhibitor and inhibits regulatory T cell activity.
    Epirubicin
  • HY-107438A
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C4-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.11%
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C4-NH2 hydrochloride, a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker, can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C4-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-126249
    AAPK-25
    		Activator 98.31%
    AAPK-25 is a potent and selective Aurora/PLK dual inhibitor with anti-tumor activity, which can cause mitotic delay and arrest cells in a prometaphase, reflecting by the biomarker histone H3Ser10 phosphorylation and followed by a surge in apoptosis. AAPK-25 targets Aurora-A, -B, and -C with Kd values ranging from 23-289 nM, as well as PLK-1, -2, and -3 with Kd values ranging from 55-456 nM.
    AAPK-25
  • HY-117433S
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4
    		Inducer
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d4 is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide is the active metabolite form of the proagent Cyclophosphamide. 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide crosslinks DNA and induces T cell apoptosis independent of death receptor activation, but activates mitochondrial death pathways through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 4-Hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide has the potential for lymphomas and autoimmune disorders.
    4-Hydroperoxy Cyclophosphamide-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-107440A
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.29%
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 3-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG3-C2-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-P3560
    Edratide
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Edratide (TV 4710) is a synthetic peptide of 19 amino acid based on the complementarity-determining region 1 (CDR1) of a human anti-DNA antibody that expresses a major idiotype denoted 16/6 Id. Edratide reduces the rates of apoptosis (Apoptosis) and down-regulates of caspase-8 and caspase-3, up-regulates Bcl-xL. Edratide has the potential for the research of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
    Edratide
  • HY-123979A
    ζ-Stat trisodium
    		Inducer
    ζ-Stat trisodium (NSC37044 trisodium) is a specific and atypical PKC-ζ inhibitor, with an IC50 of 5 μM. ζ-Stat trisodium can reduce melanoma cell lines proliferation and induce apoptosis, and has antitumor activity in vitro.
    ζ-Stat trisodium
  • HY-169903
    SMIP34
    		Inducer
    SMIP34 is a PELP1 inhibitor. SMIP34 binds to PELP1 with a Kd of 37.4 μM. SMIP34 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression. SMIP34 can be used for breast cancer research, and is active against wild-type (WT), mutant (MT) ER+ and therapy-resistant (TR)-ER+ breast cancer.
    SMIP34
  • HY-138777
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG2-COOH
    		Inducer 98.73%
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG2-COOH is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology. Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG2-COOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Thalidomide-Propargyne-PEG2-COOH
  • HY-P99707
    Lilotomab
    		Inducer 98.99%
    Lilotomab (HH1) is a murine anti-CD37 monoclonal antibody. Lilotomab reduces clonogenic survival. Lilotomab shows anti-tumor activity.
    Lilotomab
  • HY-136522
    S2116
    		Activator 98.15%
    S2116, a N-alkylated tranylcypromine (TCP) derivative, is a potent lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor. S2116 increases H3K9 methylation and reciprocal H3K27 deacetylation at super-enhancer regions. S2116 induces apoptosis in TCP-resistant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells by repressing transcription of the NOTCH3 and TAL1 genes. S2116 significantly retardes the growth of T-ALL cells in xenotransplanted mice.
    S2116
  • HY-N0401
    Ligustilide
    		Inducer 99.17%
    Ligustilide is is a bioactive phthalide derivative isolated from Angelica sinensis and Chuanxiong. Ligustilide exhibits neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilator effects.
    Ligustilide
  • HY-110231
    Simvastatin-d6
    		Inducer 99.6%
    Simvastatin-d6 (MK 733-d6) is the deuterium labeled Simvastatin. Simvastatin (MK 733) is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 0.2 nM.
    Simvastatin-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B0199S
    Mycophenolate Mofetil-d4
    		Inducer 99.47%
    Mycophenolate Mofetil-d4 is the deuterium labeled Mycophenolate Mofetil. Mycophenolate mofetil (RS 61443) is the morpholinoethylester proagent of Mycophenolic acid. Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits de novo purine synthesis via the inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Mycophenolate mofetil shows selective lymphocyte antiproliferative effects involve both T and B cells, preventing antibody formation.
    Mycophenolate Mofetil-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-W584518
    Thalidomide-5-O-CH2-COOH
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-5-O-CH2-COOH is an E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate consisting of Thalidomide (HY-14658) and NH-PEG3-NH-Boc. Thalidomide-5-O-CH2-COOH acts as a ligand for Cereblon to recruit CRBN protein. Thalidomide-5-O-CH2-COOH is a key intermediate in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules designed based on CRBN.
    Thalidomide-5-O-CH2-COOH
  • HY-N2492
    (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate
    		Inducer 99.87%
    (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate (Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate), found in several plants, such as Allium cepa or Morinda citrifolia L. leaves. (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate cooperates with Carnosic Acid in inducing apoptosis and killing acute myeloid leukemia cells, but not normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
    (E)-Methyl 4-coumarate
  • HY-121955
    FW1256
    		Activator
    FW1256 is a phenyl analogue and a slow-releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor. FW1256 inhibits NF-κB activity and induces cell apoptosis. FW1256 exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects and has the potential for cancer and cardiovascular disease treatment.
    FW1256
  • HY-113053
    Prostaglandin A1
    		Inhibitor 98%
    Prostaglandin A1 is a dehydration derivate of Prostaglandin E1. Prostaglandin A1 exhibits inhibitory activities against tumor growth, inflammation, virus replication, platelet aggregation and excitotoxin-induced neurons apoptosis.
    Prostaglandin A1
  • HY-106263B
    Tyroserleutide hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.98%
    Tyroserleutide hydrochloride is a tripeptide isolated from the degradation products of porcine spleen with antitumor activity. Tyroserleutide hydrochloride can upregulate the expression of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN and inhibit the activity of AKT and PDK1. Tyroserleutide hydrochloride inhibits tumor cell proliferation and MDM2 phosphorylation by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, and also upregulates P21, P27, P53, and induces mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis.
    Tyroserleutide hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity