2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-114250
    Cantrixil
    		Inducer 99.84%
    Cantrixil (TRX-E-002-1), an active enantiomer of TRX-E-002, is a second-generation super-benzopyran (SBP) compound. Cantrixil increases phosphorylated c-Jun levels resulting in caspase-mediated apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Cantrixil has potent pan anti-cancer activity against a broad range of cancer phenotypes.
    Cantrixil
  • HY-100586
    Ibuprofen L-lysine
    		Inducer 99.91%
    Ibuprofen ((±)-Ibuprofen) L-lysine is a potent orally active, selective COX-1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 13 μM. Ibuprofen L-lysine inhibits cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and induces cell apoptosis. Ibuprofen L-lysine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Ibuprofen L-lysine can be used in the research of pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, immunology, cancers.
    Ibuprofen L-lysine
  • HY-B0879
    Suramin
    		Inducer
    Suramin is a reversible and competitive protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) inhibitor. Suramin is a potent inhibitor of sirtuins: SirT1 (IC50=297 nM), SirT2 (IC50=1.15 μM), and SirT5 (IC50=22 μM). Suramin is a competitive inhibitor of reverse transcriptase (DNA topoisomerase II: IC50=5 μM). Suramin is a potent SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor.Suramin efficiently inhibits IP5K and is an antiparasitic, anti-neoplastic and anti-angiogenic agent.
    Suramin
  • HY-112618A
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C6-NH2 TFA
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C6-NH2 TFA (Cereblon Ligand-Linker Conjugates 11 TFA), a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and a linker, can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-O-amido-C6-NH2 TFA
  • HY-12956S
    Dinoprost-d4
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Dinoprost-d4 is the deuterium labeled Dinoprost. Dinoprost (Prostaglandin F2α) is an orally active, potent prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP receptor) agonist. Dinoprost is a luteolytic hormone produced locally in the endometrial luminal epithelium and corpus luteum (CL). Dinoprost plays a key role in the onset and progression of labour.
    Dinoprost-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-17580S
    Fidaxomicin-d7
    		Inducer
    Fidaxomicin-d7 (OPT-80-D7) is the deuterium labeled Fidaxomicin. Fidaxomicin (OPT-80), a macrocyclic RNA polymerase inhibitor, has a narrow spectrum of activity. Fidaxomicin selectively eradicates pathogenic Clostridium difficile with minimal disruption to the multiple species of bacteria that make up the normal, healthy intestinal flora.
    Fidaxomicin-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-11105
    Pilaralisib analogue
    		Inducer 99.74%
    Pilaralisib analogue (XL147 analogue) is a representative and selective PI3Kα inhibitor extracted from patent WO2012006552A1, Compound 147 in Table 1.
    Pilaralisib analogue
  • HY-138253R
    2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) is the main metabolite of Gemcitabine (HY-17026). 2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine causes a concentration- and schedule- dependent radiosensitising effect in vitro. 2’,2’-Difluorodeoxyuridine arrests cell cycle at the early S phase and induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
    2′,2′-Difluorodeoxyuridine (Standard)
  • HY-13636S
    Fulvestrant-d3
    		Inducer
    Fulvestrant-d3 is the deuterium labeled Fulvestrant. Fulvestrant (ICI 182780) is a pure antiestrogen and a potent estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with an IC50 of 9.4 nM. Fulvestrant is also a GPR30 agonist. Fulvestrant effectively inhibits the growth of ER-positive MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 0.29 nM. Fulvestrant also induces autophagy and has antitumor efficacy.
    Fulvestrant-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-130948B
    Thalidomide-4-O-C4-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.35%
    Thalidomide-4-O-C4-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide (HY-14658) based cereblon ligand and a linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-4-O-C4-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-119378
    AK 295
    		Inhibitor ≥99.0%
    AK 295 (CX 295) is a calpain inhibitor that inhibits apoptosis through a calpain-dependent pathway. AK 295 improves neurological function in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). AK 295 can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, such as bulbar amyotrophy, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis.
    AK 295
  • HY-13603
    Crolibulin
    		Inhibitor 98.96%
    Crolibulin (EPC2407) is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, with potent apoptosis induction and cell growth inhibition. Crolibulin has anti-tumor activity. Crolibulin also has cardiovascular toxicity and neurotoxicity.
    Crolibulin
  • HY-159147
    SIA​​IS039
    		Inducer
    SIAIS039 is an orally active c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1)-specific PROTAC with DC50s of 154.46 nM, 126.47 nM, 143.69 nM for HCC78 cells, Ba/F3 expressing the CD74-ROS1 fusion and Ba/F3 expressing the SDC4-ROS1 fusion, respectively. SIAIS039 suppresses cell proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibits clonogenicity against ROS1-positive cells. SIAIS039 demonstrates anti-tumour effects against ROS1-driven tumor growth vivo. SIAIS039 is composed of the ALK inhibitor Brigatinib (HY-12857), a linker EM-12 (HY-138793), and a VHL ligand E3 ubiquitin ligase 1-Butyne (Red: Brigatinib; Blue: VHL ligand; Black: linker).
    SIA​​IS039
  • HY-12033S2
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d5
    		Inducer 98.67%
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa.
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-143411
    GEM144
    		Inducer
    GEM144 is a potent and orally active DNA polymerase α (POLA1) and HDAC 11 dual inhibitor. GEM144 induces acetylation of p53, activation of p21, G1/S cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. GEM144 has significant antitumor activity in human orthotopic malignant pleural mesothelioma xenografts.
    GEM144
  • HY-B0185S1
    Lidocaine-d10
    		Inducer 99.58%
    Lidocaine-d10 is the deuterium labeled Lidocaine. Lidocaine (Lignocaine) inhibits sodium channels involving complex voltage and using dependence. Lidocaine decreases growth, migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells via up-regulating miR-145 expression and further inactivation of MEK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Lidocaine is an amide derivative and has potential for the research of ventricular arrhythmia.
    Lidocaine-d<sub>10</sub>
  • HY-107020
    BMS 310705
    		Inducer 99.10%
    BMS 310705 (21-Aminoepothilone B) is an analog of Epothilone B (HY-17029), targeting to malignancies such as ovarian, renal, bladder, and lung carcinoma. BMS 310705 induces significant apoptosis via mitochondrial-mediated pathway.
    BMS 310705
  • HY-131159
    Thalidomide-O-C8-Boc
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-O-C8-Boc is the Thalidomide-based Cereblon ligand used in the recruitment of CRBN protein. Thalidomide-O-C8-Boc can be connected to the ligand for protein by a linker to form PROTACs.
    Thalidomide-O-C8-Boc
  • HY-128360
    dMCL1-2
    dMCL1-2 is a potent and selective PROTAC of myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) (Bcl-2 family member) based on Cereblon, which binds to MCL1 with a KD of 30 nM. dMCL1-2 activats the cellular apoptosis machinery by degradation of MCL1.
    dMCL1-2
  • HY-113965
    CUR61414
    		Inducer 99.04%
    CUR61414 is a novel, potent and cell permeable Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor (IC50 =100-200 nM). CUR61414 is a small-molecule aminoproline class compound and selectively binds to smoothened (Smo) with a Ki value of 44 nM. CUR-61414 can induce apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting neighboring non-tumor cells.
    CUR61414
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity