2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-123450
    S116836
    		Inducer 99.60%
    S116836, a potent, orally active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocks both wild-type as well as T315I Bcr-Abl. S116836 arrests the cells in the G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, induces apoptosis, increases ROS production, and decreases GSH production in BaF3/WT and BaF3/T315I cells. S116836 also inhibits SRC, LYN, HCK, LCK and BLK, and receptor tyrosine kinases such as FLT3, TIE2, KIT, PDGFR-β. Antitumor activies. S116836 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    S116836
  • HY-169266
    BRD-K56819078
    		Inhibitor 99.58%
    BRD-K56819078 is a Bcl-2 inhibitor that significantly reduces senescent cell load and senescence-related genes in the kidney mRNA expression. BRD-K56819078 exerts anti-aging effects by inhibiting apoptosis.
    BRD-K56819078
  • HY-N3149A
    2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde
    		Inducer 99.86%
    2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde is a phenylpropanoid that can be isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia. 2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibits Wnt/β-catenin, STAT3 signaling. 2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde induces cell apoptosis 2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde has antitumor and anti-inflammation activities.
    2-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde
  • HY-162774A
    GRP75-IN-1 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.75%
    GRP75-IN-1 hydrochloride (compound 33) is an anti-endometrial cancer (EC) agent that induces apoptosis. GRP75-IN-1 hydrochloride reduces Ca2+ levels in mitochondria by targeting GRP75 and disrupting its interaction with IP3R.
    GRP75-IN-1 dihydrochloride
  • HY-120793
    CMC2.24
    		Activator
    CMC2.24 (TRB-N0224), an orally active tricarbonylmethane agent, is effective against pancreatic tumor in mice by inhibiting Ras activation and its downstream effector ERK1/2 pathway. CMC2.24 is also a potent inhibitor of zinc-dependent MMPs with IC50s ranging from 2.0-69 μM. CMC2.24 alleviates osteoarthritis progression by restoring cartilage homeostasis and inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis via the NF-κB/HIF-2α axis.
    CMC2.24
  • HY-N7766
    Rubropunctatin
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Rubropunctatin, an orange azaphilone pigment, is isolated from the extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice). Rubropunctatin has anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antioxidative effects, and also exhibits anti-tumor activity.
    Rubropunctatin
  • HY-P10387A
    RSM3 TFA
    		Inducer 98.83%
    RSM3 TFA, a stapled peptide, is a METTL3-METTL14 inhibitor with an Kd of 3.10 μM. RSM3 TFA inhibits tumor growth while induces cell apoptosis. RSM3 TFA can be used for study of cancer.
    RSM3 TFA
  • HY-13741
    RH1
    		Inducer
    RH1 (NSC 697726) is a potent bioreductive agent with profound anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo.
    RH1
  • HY-161050
    YSR734
    		Inducer 98.20%
    YSR734 (Compound 21) is a covalent HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 110 nM, 154 nM, and 143 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3, respectively. YSR734 can induce apoptosis in leukemia cells. YSR734 can induce myoblast differentiation and is used in the study of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
    YSR734
  • HY-15733
    Lucidin
    		Inducer 98.03%
    Lucidin (NSC 30546) is a natural component of madder and can induce mutations in bacterial and mammalian cells.
    Lucidin
  • HY-N0403
    2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside
    		Inhibitor 99.78%
    2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is an active product that can be extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. TSG has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-apoptotic, and free radical scavenging activities, TSG is also indicated to facilitate long-term potentiation and learning and memory in both normal and pathological conditions.
    2,3,4',5-Tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucoside
  • HY-113455
    9S-HODE
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    9S-HODE (Alpha-dimorphecolic acid) is an octadecadienoic acid and the main active derivative of linoleic acid, which can reduce the viability of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis. 9S-HODE is rich in lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and is almost an ideal marker for LPO.
    9S-HODE
  • HY-151799
    P62-RNF168 agonist-1
    		Activator 98.62%
    P62-RNF168 agonist-1 (compound 5a) is a low cytotoxicity P62-RNF168 agonist that enhances the interaction between P62 and RNF168. P62-RNF168 agonist-1 induces a reduction in H2A ubiquitination mediated by RNF168 and impairs homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. P62-RNF168 agonist-1 also inhibits the growth of xenograft tumors in mice in a dose-dependent manner.
    P62-RNF168 agonist-1
  • HY-125703
    Ferutinin
    		Inducer 99.23%
    Ferutinin, a natural terpenoid compound, is an estrogen receptor ERα agonist and estrogen ERβ-receptor agonist/antagonist with IC50s of 33.1 nM and 180.5 nM, respectively. Ferutinin acts as an electrogenic Ca2+-ionophore that increases calcium permeability of lipid bilayer membranes, mitochondria. Ferutinin possesses estrogenic, antitumor, antibacterial and antiinflammatory activities.
    Ferutinin
  • HY-15037R
    Diclofenac Sodium (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Diclofenac (Sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Diclofenac (Sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Diclofenac Sodium (GP 45840) is a potent and nonselective anti-inflammatory agent, acts as a COX inhibitor, with IC50s of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells, and 5.1 and 0.84 μM for ovine COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Diclofenac Sodium induces apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) via the activation of the caspase cascade.
    Diclofenac Sodium (Standard)
  • HY-149530
    EGFR-IN-86
    		Inducer 99.92%
    EGFR-IN-86 (compound 4i) is an EGFR inhibitor (IC50: 1.5 nM) with high activity against glioblastoma. EGFR-IN-86 induces apoptosis and arrests the U87 cell cycle in the G2/M phase.
    EGFR-IN-86
  • HY-119198
    NSC745885
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    NSC745885 an effective anti-tumor agent, shows selective toxicity against multiple cancer cell lines but not normal cells. NSC745885 is an effective down-regulator of EZH2 via proteasome-mediated degradation. NSC745885 provides possibilities for the study of advanced bladder and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cancers.
    NSC745885
  • HY-N6745
    Citreoviridin
    		Inducer 99.65%
    Citreoviridin, a toxin from Penicillium citreoviride NRRL 2579, inhibits brain synaptosomal Na+/K+-ATPase whereas in microsomes, both Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities are significantly stimulated in a dose-dependent manner. Citreoviridin inhibits cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
    Citreoviridin
  • HY-19827
    Aeroplysinin 1
    		Inducer
    Aeroplysinin 1 ((+)-Aeroplysinin-1), a secondary metabolite isolated from marine sponges, shows potent antibiotic effects on Gram-positive bacteria and exerts antiviral activity against HIV-1 (IC50=14.6 μM). Aeroplysinin 1 has anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities. Aeroplysinin 1 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells.
    Aeroplysinin 1
  • HY-N0176R
    Dihydroartemisinin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Dihydroartemisinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dihydroartemisinin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dihydroartemisinin is a potent anti-malaria agent.
    Dihydroartemisinin (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity