2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-100541
    INH6
    		Inducer 99.53%
    INH6 is a potent Nek2/Hec1 inhibitor; inhibits the growth of HeLa cells with an IC50 of 2.4 μM.
    INH6
  • HY-121204
    Iberverin
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Iberverin (-Methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane homolog. Iberverin has anticancer activity. Iberverin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Iberverin induces mitochondrial-related apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species.
    Iberverin
  • HY-P10769
    MOTS-c (mouse)
    		Inhibitor 99.23%
    MOTS-c (mouse) is a mitochondrial-derived polypeptide that can be used to regulates pancreatic cell function. MOTS-c (mouse) reduces insulin secretion and expression in INS-1E cells, and enhances glucagon secretion and expression in αTC-1 cells. MOTS-c (mouse) decreases the apoptosis in INS-1E and αTC-1. MOTS-c (mouse) counteracts diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance through AMPK activation.
    MOTS-c (mouse)
  • HY-12908
    Bcl-xL antagonist 2
    		Inducer 98.86%
    Bcl-xL antagonist 2 is a potent, selective, and orally active antagonist of BCL-XL with an IC50 and Ki of 0.091 μM and 65 nM, respectively. Bcl-xL antagonist 2 promotes the apoptosis of cancer cells. Bcl-xL antagonist 2 has the potential for the research of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL).
    Bcl-xL antagonist 2
  • HY-P10409
    SHLP2
    		99.18%
    SHLP2 (Small humanin-like peptide 2) is a small molecule peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, belonging to mitochondria derived peptide. SHLP2 has the activity of regulating apoptosis and inhibits cell death. SHLP2 can be used in the study of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction and anti-aging diseases.
    SHLP2
  • HY-N6046
    Kamebakaurin
    		Inducer 98.36%
    Kamebakaurin is an orally active diterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Isodon excia (Maxin.). Kamebakaurin can inhibit NF-κB activation by directly targeting the DNA-binding activity of p50. Kamebakaurin can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in tumor cells. Kamebakaurin has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.
    Kamebakaurin
  • HY-13757AS
    Tamoxifen-d5
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Tamoxifen-d5 is a deuterium labeled Tamoxifen. Tamoxifen (ICI 47699) is an orally active, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Tamoxifen is a potent Hsp90 activator and enhances the Hsp90 molecular chaperone ATPase activity.
    Tamoxifen-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-103258
    TC ASK 10
    		Inducer 99.84%
    TC ASK 10 (Compound 10) is a potent, selective and orally active apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 14 nM. The inhibitory activities of TC ASK 10 towards other representative panel of kinases are less than 50%, except for ASK2 (IC50 of 0.51 μM).
    TC ASK 10
  • HY-N7144A
    Citronellyl acetate
    		Activator ≥98.0%
    Citronellyl acetate is a monoterpene product of the secondary metabolism of plants, with antinociceptive activity. Citronellyl acetate exhibits pro-apoptotic activity in human hepatoma cells. Citronellyl acetate shows fungicidal, larvicidal, bactericidal and repelling/insecticidal effects.
    Citronellyl acetate
  • HY-146324
    PROTAC eEF2K degrader-1
    		Activator 98.64%
    PROTAC eEF2K degrader-1 (Compound 11l) is an eEF2K-Targeting PROTAC small molecule that induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. PROTAC eEF2K degrader-1 mediates eEF2K degradation.
    PROTAC eEF2K degrader-1
  • HY-P2213A
    GPLGIAGQ TFA
    		Inducer 98.40%
    GPLGIAGQ TFA, a MMP2-cleavable polypeptide, is used as a stimulus-sensitive linker in both liposomal and micellar nanocarriers for MMP2-triggered tumor targeting. GPLGIAGQ TFA can be used to synthesis unique MMP2-targeted photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
    GPLGIAGQ TFA
  • HY-121713
    Aniline mustard
    		Inducer 99.36%
    Aniline mustard (N, n-BIS (2-chloroethyl) aniline) is an anticancer agent.
    Aniline mustard
  • HY-P99286
    Drozitumab
    		Inducer 99.00%
    Drozitumab (PRO 95780) is a human agonistic monoclonal antibody which binds the death receptor DR5. Drozitumab has potent antitumor activity against rhabdomyosarcoma.
    Drozitumab
  • HY-161100
    BDM19
    		Inducer 99.38%
    BDM19 binds and activates cytosolic BAX dimers, and prompts cell apoptosis either alone or in combination with BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitor Navitoclax (HY-10087).
    BDM19
  • HY-138065
    Iodoacetyl-LC-biotin
    		Activator 99.15%
    Iodoacetyl-LC-biotin is a biotinylated electrophile probe that can be used to investigate the scope and characteristics of protein covalent binding to subcellular proteomes.
    Iodoacetyl-LC-biotin
  • HY-15814
    HG-7-85-01
    		Activator 99.94%
    HG-7-85-01 is a type II ATP competitive inhibitor of wild-type and gatekeeper mutations forms of Bcr-Abl, PDGFRα, Kit, and Src kinases. HG-7-85-01 inhibits T315I mutant Bcr-Abl kinase, KDR and RET with IC50s of 3 nM, 20 nM and 30 nM, and is only weak or no inhibition of other kinases (IC50>2 μM). HG-7-85-01 inhibits the cell proliferation, which is mediated by the induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of cell-cycle progression.
    HG-7-85-01
  • HY-N3387
    Licoricidin
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Licoricidin (LCD) is isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, possesses anti-cancer activities. Licoricidin (LCD) inhibit SW480 cells (IC50=7.2 μM) by inducing cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy, and is a potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal cancer. Licoricidin (LCD) inhibits Lung Metastasis by inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis as well as changes in the local microenvironment of tumor tissues the anticarcinogenic effect. Licoricidin enhanced gemcitabine-induced cytotoxicity in Osteosarcoma (OS) cells by inactivation of the Akt and NF-κB pathways in vitro and in vivo. Licoricidin blocks UVA-induced photoaging via ROS scavenging, limits the activity of MMP-1, it can be considered as an active ingredient in new topically applied anti-ageing formulations.
    Licoricidin
  • HY-110293
    CHMFL-FLT3-122
    		Inducer 98.47%
    CHMFL-FLT3-122 is a potent, selective and orally active FLT3 kinase with an IC50 of 40 nM. CHMFL-FLT3-122 shows selectivity for FLT3 over BTK (IC50 of 421 nM) and c-KIT (IC50 of 559 nM) kinases. CHMFL-FLT3-122 induces apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle into the G0/G1 phase.
    CHMFL-FLT3-122
  • HY-164233
    YX968
    		Inducer 98.06%
    YX968 is a potent and selective HDAC3/8 PROTAC dual degrader with DC50 values of 1.7 and 6.8 nM. YX968 exhibits antitumor activity by promoting apoptosis.(Pink: Target protein ligand (HY-168287); Black: linker (HY-W007700); Blue: E3 ligase ligand (HY-112078))
    YX968
  • HY-136658
    1-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl)urea
    		Inducer 98.02%
    STAT3-IN-7 is a Sorafenib analogue and potently inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3. STAT3-IN-7 induces cell apoptosis through SHP-1 dependent STAT3 inactivation. STAT3-IN-7 does not inhibit kinase activity and has anticancer effects.
    1-(4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl)urea
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity