2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N2618
    3-​O-​Acetyloleanolic acid
    		Activator 99.84%
    3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid (3AOA), an oleanolic acid derivative isolated from the seeds of Vigna sinensis K., induces in cancer and also exhibits anti-angiogenesis activity.
    3-​O-​Acetyloleanolic acid
  • HY-147895
    PCAF-IN-2
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    PCAF-IN-2 (compound 17) is a potent PCAF inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5.31 µM. PCAF-IN-2 shows anti-tumour activity. CAF-IN-2 induces apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
    PCAF-IN-2
  • HY-115630
    cRIPGBM chloride
    		Inducer 99.82%
    cRIPGBM chloride, an orally active, proapoptotic derivative. cRIPGBM can be generated from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cancer stem cells (CSCs). cRIPGBM(chloride) targets to receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) to induce caspase 1-dependent apoptosis. cRIPGBM(chloride) suppresses the formation of RIPK2/TAK1 (prosurvival complex), and increases the formation of RIPK2/caspase 1 (proapoptotic complex). cRIPGBM(chloride) exerts potent anti-tumor activity in vivo in animal models.
    cRIPGBM chloride
  • HY-W014225
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
    		Inducer 99.81%
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is the metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid induces immunotoxicity and oxidative stress, and inhibits the phagocytic ability of macrophages.
    3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
  • HY-112338
    C188
    		Inducer 98.29%
    C188 (CPD188) is a STAT3 inhibitor with anticancer effects. C188 inhibits STAT3 SH2/pY-peptide binding (IC50 of 20 µM against pY-peptide binding) and IL-6-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation. C188 is selective for STAT3 over STAT1. C188 inhibits nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of Stat3. C188 shows highly active induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines with constitutive Stat3 activation (EC50s of 0.73 µM, 3.96 µM, and 7.01 µM in MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-435 cultures, respectively).
    C188
  • HY-113341S
    7ß-Hydroxycholesterol-d7
    		Inducer
    7ß-Hydroxycholesterol-d7 is the deuterium labeled 7α-Hydroxycholesterol. 7β-Hydroxycholesterol is an oxysterol that derived by the oxidation of cholesterol. 7β-hydroxycholesterol can induce cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necrosis, resulting in cytotoxicity. 7β-hydroxycholesterol has antitumor activity.
    7ß-Hydroxycholesterol-d<sub>7</sub>
  • HY-130495
    CDDO-TFEA
    		Inducer 99.59%
    CDDO-TFEA (RTA 404; TP-500) is a trifluoroacetamide derivative of CDDO with enhanced ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. CDDO is an Nrf2 activator that inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation and apoptosis in various cancer cells. CDDO-TFEA can enhance Nrf2 expression and signaling in various neurodegenerative disease models, including those mimicking multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. CDDO-TFEA induces apoptosis and blocks colony formation in Ewing's sarcoma and neuroblastoma cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 85-170 nM.
    CDDO-TFEA
  • HY-17026R
    Gemcitabine (Standard)
    		Inducer 99.99%
    Gemcitabine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Gemcitabine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Gemcitabine (LY 188011) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antimetabolite and an antineoplastic agent. Gemcitabine inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, resulting in autophagyand apoptosis.
    Gemcitabine (Standard)
  • HY-N0882
    Desacetylcinobufotalin
    		Activator 99.40%
    Desacetylcinobufotalin is a natural compound; apoptosis inducer and shows the marked inhibition effect to HepG2 cells and the IC50 value is 0.
    Desacetylcinobufotalin
  • HY-W010451
    1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene
    		Inducer 99.12%
    1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Hydroxyhydroquinone) is an ER stress inducer that targets proteins such as PKR-like ER kinase PERK to induce cytotoxicity. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene selectively activates eIF2α phosphorylation, activates the PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway and induces stress granule formation. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene subsequently exacerbates oxidative stress and causes DNA double-strand breaks, destroying organelles such as mitochondria and ER, and inducing cell death. 1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene also has the potential to exhibit anti-tumor effect, increase blood pressure, and relieve spasm.
    1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene
  • HY-N0905
    Ginsenoside Rh4
    		Inducer 99.28%
    Ginsenoside Rh4 is a rare saponin obtained from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Rh4 activates Bax, caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9. Ginsenoside Rh4 also induces autophagy.
    Ginsenoside Rh4
  • HY-23399
    Dibromoacetic acid
    		Activator 99.59%
    Dibromoacetic acid, a haloacetic acid found in drinking water as a disinfection by-product, can cause many adverse effects, including immunotoxicity and apoptosis.
    Dibromoacetic acid
  • HY-122623A
    DB818 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.43%
    DB818 dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt form of DB818 (HY-122623). DB818 dihydrochloride is an inhibitor for Homeobox A9 (HOXA9). DB818 dihydrochloride reduces the formation of HOXA9-DNA complexes, inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in AML cell lines OCI/AML3, MV4-11, and THP-1.
    DB818 dihydrochloride
  • HY-Z3832
    N-Methylparoxetine
    		Inducer 99.97%
    N-Methylparoxetine is a derivative of Paroxetine that induces Apoptosis NSCLC cells by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK). N-Methylparoxetine has antitumor activity.
    N-Methylparoxetine
  • HY-B0215A
    Acetylcysteine (extracted from plants)
    		100.45%
    Acetylcysteine (N-Acetylcysteine) extracted from plants is derived from plants and is an antioxidant and mucolytic agent that enhances the reserve of free radical scavengers in cells. It has been reported to prevent neuronal apoptosis while inducing apoptosis in smooth muscle cells. In addition, it inhibits HIV replication and serves as a substrate for microsomal glutathione transferase. This endogenous aminothiol is found in human plasma and urine and is commonly used as a mucolytic agent in clinical settings, usually administered by inhalation.
    Acetylcysteine (extracted from plants)
  • HY-153161
    CASP8-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.97%
    CASP8-IN-1 (Compound 63-R) is a selective inhibitor for caspase 8 (CASP8), with an IC50 of 0.7 μM. CASP8-IN-1 inhibits FasL-induced apoptosis in cell Jurkat.
    CASP8-IN-1
  • HY-111207
    CA224
    		Inducer 99.94%
    CA224 (Compound 1) is a selective and orally active Cdk4–cyclin D1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.2 µM. CA224 induces cell apoptosis and shows antitumor activity.
    CA224
  • HY-10619E
    Niraparib tosylate hydrate
    		Inducer 99.97%
    Niraparib (MK-4827) tosylate hydrate is a highly potent and orally bioavailable PARP1 and PARP2 inhibitor with IC50s of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively. Niraparib tosylate hydrate leads to inhibition of repair of DNA damage, activates apoptosis and shows anti-tumor activity.
    Niraparib tosylate hydrate
  • HY-15162G
    Monomethyl auristatin E (GMP)
    		Inducer
    Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) (GMP) is Monomethyl auristatin E (HY-15162) produced by using GMP guidelines. Monomethyl auristatin E is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor.
    Monomethyl auristatin E (GMP)
  • HY-112163A
    rel-Zotatifin
    		Activator
    rel-Zotatifin is the racemic isomer of Zotatifin, acts as an eIF4A inhibitor with activity less than Zotatifin. Zotatifin (eFT226) is a potent, selective, and well-tolerated eIF4A inhibitor. Zotatifin promotes eIF4A binding to specific mRNA sequences with recognition motifs in the 5’-UTRs (IC50=2 nM) and interferes with the assembly of the eIF4F initiation complex.
    rel-Zotatifin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity