1. Signaling Pathways
  2. Apoptosis
  3. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-32735S
    Triptolide-d3
    Inducer
    Triptolide-d3 is the deuterium labeled Triptolide. Triptolide is a diterpenoid triepoxide extracted from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii with immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antitumour effects. Triptolide is a NF-κB activation inhibitor.
    Triptolide-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N7696
    Physalin F
    Inducer 98.45%
    Physalin F is a secosteroid with potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Physalin F induces apoptosis of PBMC, decreasing the spontaneous proliferation and cytokine production caused by Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection.
    Physalin F
  • HY-12170A
    Prinomastat hydrochloride
    Inducer 98.18%
    Prinomastat hydrochloride (AG3340 hydrochloride) is a broad spectrum, potent, orally active metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor with IC50s of 79, 6.3 and 5.0 nM for MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9, respectively. Prinomastat hydrochloride inhibits MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-13 and MMP-9 with Kis of 0.05 nM, 0.3 nM, 0.03 nM and 0.26 nM, respectively. Prinomastat hydrochloride can cross blood-brain barrier. Antitumor avtivity.
    Prinomastat hydrochloride
  • HY-N3181
    Nodosin
    Modulator 98.44%
    Nodosin is an orally active diterpenoid compound that can be isolated from Isodon serra. Nodosin can inhibit the proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells. Nodosin can also inhibit oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and ferroptosis. Nodosin has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities.
    Nodosin
  • HY-N8207
    Gypenoside LI
    Inducer 98.29%
    Gypenoside LI, a gypenoside monomer, possesses anti-tumor activity. Gypenoside LI induces cell apoptosis, cell cycle and migration.
    Gypenoside LI
  • HY-N3121
    Pachypodol
    Inhibitor 99.82%
    Pachypodol is an orally active methoxyflavonoid compound. Pachypodol activates the ERK-dependent Nrf2 pathway and inhibits Apoptosis. Pachypodol exhibits activities such as antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory effects. Pachypodol improves cognition. Pachypodol exerts protective effects against cardiac and liver damage. Pachypodol has anticancer activity against colon cancer.
    Pachypodol
  • HY-12538
    Graveoline
    Inducer 99.96%
    Graveoline (Rutamine) is an anti-cancer agent that can trigger apoptosis and autophagy in skin melanoma cells. Graveoline also exhibits antifungal activity.
    Graveoline
  • HY-W011522
    Taurolidine
    Inducer 98.19%
    Taurolidine is a potent antimicrobial and anticancer agent. Taurolidine inhibits cell proliferation. Taurolidine induces apoptosis and autophagy. Taurolidine rescues mice from sepsis-associated lethality.
    Taurolidine
  • HY-N6740
    Beta-Zearalanol
    Inducer 99.83%
    Beta-Zearalenol is an mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp, which causes apoptosis and oxidative stress in mammalian reproductive cells. Beta-Zearalenol is the derivative of zearalenone (ZEA) which can conjugate with glucuronic acid.
    Beta-Zearalanol
  • HY-136477
    Pentagamavunon-1
    Inducer 99.84%
    Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1), a Curcumin analog with oral activity, targets on several molecular mechanisms to induce apoptosis including inhibition of angiogenic factors cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PGV-1 inhibits NF-κB activation.
    Pentagamavunon-1
  • HY-N1446S3
    Oleic acid-d17
    Inducer ≥98.0%
    Oleic acid-d17 is the deuterium labeled Oleic acid (HY-N1446). Oleic acid (9-cis-Octadecenoic acid) is an abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Oleic acid is a Na+/K+ ATPase activator.
    Oleic acid-d<sub>17</sub>
  • HY-147768
    PI3K/AKT-IN-2
    Inducer 98.10%
    PI3K/AKT-IN-2 (Compound 12c) is a PI3K and AKT inhibitor. PI3K/AKT-IN-2 blocks the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induces apoptosis. PI3K/AKT-IN-2 inhibits the polymerization of tubulin.
    PI3K/AKT-IN-2
  • HY-119257
    ABT-100
    Inducer 98.18%
    ABT-100 is a potent, highly selective and orally active farnesyltransferase inhibitor. ABT-100 inhibits cell proliferation (IC50s of 2.2 nM, 3.8 nM, 5.9 nM, 6.9 nM, 9.2 nM, 70 nM and 818 nM for EJ-1, DLD-1, MDA-MB-231, HCT-116, MiaPaCa-2, PC-3, and DU-145 cells, respectively), increases apoptosis and decreases angiogenesis. ABT-100 possesses broad-spectrum antitumor activity.
    ABT-100
  • HY-130173
    Bafilomycin C1
    Inducer ≥99.0%
    Bafilomycin C1 is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces sp. Bafilomycin C1 is a potent, specific and reversible inhibitor of vacuolar-type H+-ATPases (V-ATPases). Bafilomycin C1 inhibits growth of gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Bafilomycin C1 induces cell apoptosis and can be used for the study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
    Bafilomycin C1
  • HY-N0305S1
    5-Aminolevulinic acid-d2 hydrochloride
    Inducer
    5-Aminolevulinic acid-d2 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled 5-Aminolevulinic acid (hydrochloride).
    5-Aminolevulinic acid-d<sub>2</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-114977
    Avenanthramide A
    Inducer 99.20%
    Avenanthramide A is a phytoalexin, which can be found in oats (Avena sativa L.). Avenanthramide A targets the RNA helicase DDX3, leads to mitochondrial swelling and increased ROS production, and induces apoptosis in CRC cells. Avenanthramide A exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse model. Avenanthramide A orally active.
    Avenanthramide A
  • HY-10987
    ENMD-2076 Tartrate
    Inducer 99.42%
    ENMD-2076 Tartrate is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor with IC50s of 1.86, 14, 58.2, 15.9, 92.7, 70.8, 56.4 nM for Aurora A, Flt3, KDR/VEGFR2, Flt4/VEGFR3, FGFR1, FGFR2, Src, PDGFRα, respectively.
    ENMD-2076 Tartrate
  • HY-N2503
    Ginsenoside F4
    Inducer 98.54%
    Ginsenoside F4 (GF4), ginseng saponinis, isolated from notoginseng or red ginseng. Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) has inhibitory effect on human lymphocytoma JK cell by inducing its apoptosis. Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP 13) expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes and blocks cartilage breakdown in rabbit cartilage tissue culture, shows therapeutic potential for preventing cartilage collagen matrix breakdown in diseased tissues.
    Ginsenoside F4
  • HY-114979
    Pyoluteorin
    Inducer 99.90%
    Pyoluteorin is an antibiotic that inhibits Oomycete fungi, including the plant pathogen Pythium ultimum, and suppresses plant diseases caused by this fungus. Pyoluteorin induces human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells apoptosis in vitro. Pyoluteorin can be used for the research of human triple-negative breast cancer.
    Pyoluteorin
  • HY-103691A
    ARN5187 trihydrochloride
    Inducer 99.54%
    ARN5187 trihydrochloride is a lysosomotropic REV-ERBβ ligand with a dual inhibitory activity toward REV-ERB-mediated transcriptional regulation and autophagy. ARN5187 trihydrochloride shows lysosomotropic potency and cytotoxicity. ARN5187 trihydrochloride induces apoptosis.
    ARN5187 trihydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity