2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Related Products

PDF 16.38 MB

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W127530
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium
    		Inhibitor 98.01%
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium is an antioxidant that protects against long-wave UVA1 induced cell death and scavenge UVA1 induced ROS in a skin cell model. α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium exhibits angiogenesis-promoting activity.
    α-Tocopherol phosphate disodium
  • HY-111237
    Butyrolactone I
    		Inhibitor 99.80%
    Butyrolactone I is an orally active and ATP-competitive inhibitor of CDK1. Butyrolactone I inhibits NF-κB, cdc2 kinase, Bax, ROS production, modulates the PERK/CHOP. Butyrolactone I mitigates heat-stress-induced Apoptosis. Butyrolactone I shows anti-inflammatory and intestinal protective activity. Butyrolactone I has antitumor effects against non-small cell lung, small cell lung, prostate cancer and leukemia. Butyrolactone I can be used in NASH research.
    Butyrolactone I
  • HY-N2112
    Glaucocalyxin A
    		Inducer 99.39%
    Glaucocalyxin A, an ent-kauranoid diterpene from Rabdosia japonica var., induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma by inhibiting nuclear translocation of Five-zinc finger Glis 1 (GLI1) via regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Glaucocalyxin A has antitumor effect.
    Glaucocalyxin A
  • HY-N7072
    Grape seed extract
    		Activator
    Grape seed extract is a natural product, with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Grape seed extract shows inhibitory activity on the fat-metabolizing enzymes pancreatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase. Grape seed extract induces apoptotic in human colorectal cancer cells.
    Grape seed extract
  • HY-14266
    Dapivirine
    		Inducer 99.80%
    Dapivirine (TMC120), the prototype of diarylpyrimidines (DAPY), is an orally active and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Dapivirine (TMC120) binds directly to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Dapivirine (TMC120) regulates autophagy and induced Akt, Bad and SAPK/JNK activations.
    Dapivirine
  • HY-N1416
    Pogostone
    		Inducer 99.81%
    Pogostone is isolated from patchouli oil with anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities. Pogostone inhibits both gram negative and gram positive bacteria, also show inhibitory effect on corynebacterium xerosis with a MIC value of 0.098 µg/ml . Pogostone induces cell apoptosis and autophagy.
    Pogostone
  • HY-P2048
    MOTS-c (human)
    		Inhibitor 99.90%
    MOTS-c (human) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating, mitochondrial-derived peptide that modulates the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity. MOTS-c (human) inhibits the folate cycle and de novo purine synthesis, increases AICAR levels to activate AMPK, and then regulates the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway and inhibits the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. MOTS-c (human) has the effects of improving glucose and lipid metabolism, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, inflammatory diseases and aging-related metabolic disorders.
    MOTS-c (human)
  • HY-110031
    BAI1 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.82%
    BAI1 hydrochloride is a selective apoptosis factor BAX allosteric inhibitors. BAI1 hydrochloride binds BAX and allosterically inhibits its activation. BAI1 hydrochloride has the potential to be used in the study of BAX dependent cell death-mediated diseases.
    BAI1 hydrochloride
  • HY-164515
    ONC213
    		99.89%
    ONC213 is an αKGDH inhibitor that suppresses mitochondrial respiration and elevates α-ketoglutarate levels by inhibiting αKGDH activity, leading to apoptosis (Apoptosis) in AML cells. ONC213 can be used in acute myeloid leukemia research.
    ONC213
  • HY-12743
    K-7174
    		Inducer 98.02%
    K-7174 is an orally active proteasome and GATA inhibitor. K-7174 is a cell adhesion inhibitor. K-7174 induces cell apoptosis. K-7174 shows antitumor activities, it can be used for the research of cancer.
    K-7174
  • HY-P1633
    Protegrin-1
    		Inhibitor 99.55%
    Protegrin-1 is an orally active antibacterial peptide. Protegrin-1 activates ERK, COX2, NFκB, inhibits Apoptosis, and NO production. Protegrin-1 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. faecium, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumoniae, with MBC values between 10 and 20 µM. Protegrin-1 has antiviral activity against dengue NS2B-NS3. Protegrin-1 has anti-inflammatory activity. Protegrin-1 is used in the study of inflammatory diseases and infections.
    Protegrin-1
  • HY-10201R
    Sorafenib (Standard)
    		Inducer 99.71%
    Sorafenib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sorafenib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a potent and orally active Raf inhibitor with IC50s of 6 nM and 20 nM for Raf-1 and B-Raf, respectively. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor with IC50s of 90 nM, 15 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM and 58 nM for VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, FLT3 and c-Kit, respectively. Sorafenib induces autophagy and apoptosis. Sorafenib has anti-tumor activity. Sorafenib is a ferroptosis activator.
    Sorafenib (Standard)
  • HY-15843
    MIR96-IN-1
    		Inducer 99.57%
    MIR96-IN-1 targets the Drosha site in the miR-96 (miRNA-96, microRNA-96) hairpin precursor, inhibiting its biogenesis, derepressing downstream targets, and triggering apoptosis in breast cancer cells. MIR96-IN-1 binds to RNAs with Kds of 1.3, 9.4, 3.4, 1.3 and 7.4 μM for RNA1, RNA2, RNA3, RNA4 and RNA5, respectively. MIR96-IN-1 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
    MIR96-IN-1
  • HY-145102
    NCT-58
    		Inhibitor 99.63%
    NCT-58 is a potent inhibitor of C-terminal HSP90. NCT-58 does not induce the heat shock response (HSR) due to its targeting of the C-terminal region and elicits anti-tumor activity via the simultaneous downregulation of HER family members as well as inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. NCT-58 kills Trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer stem-like cells. NCT-58 induces apoptosis in HER2-positive breast cancer cells.
    NCT-58
  • HY-19319
    MI-136
    		Inducer 99.04%
    MI-136 is an inhibitor of the menin-MLL protein-protein interaction (PPI), with an IC50 of 31 nM and a Kd of 23.6 nM. MI-136 shows to block AR signaling and has the potential for the study in castration-resistant tumors.
    MI-136
  • HY-136563
    RA375
    		Inducer 99.31%
    RA375 is a RPN13 (26S proteasome regulatory subunit) inhibitor. RA375 activates UPR signaling, ROS production and apoptosis. RA375 exhibits ten-fold greater activity against cancer lines than RA190, reflecting its nitro ring substituents and the addition of a chloroacetamide warhead.
    RA375
  • HY-15868
    HS-173
    		Inducer 99.04%
    HS-173 is a novel PI3K inhibitor, that is used for cancer treatment.
    HS-173
  • HY-126458
    Thalidomide-O-PEG2-propargyl
    		Inducer 98.26%
    Thalidomide-O-PEG2-propargyl (E3 ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates 32) is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 2-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology. Thalidomide-O-PEG2-propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    Thalidomide-O-PEG2-propargyl
  • HY-12352A
    HJC0416 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.68%
    HJC0416 hydrochloride is a potent and orally active STAT3 inhibitor with an enhanced anticancer profile than Stattic (HY-13818). HJC0416 hydrochloride is a promising anti-cancer agent for breast cancer study.
    HJC0416 hydrochloride
  • HY-157133
    TAS0612
    		Inducer 98.83%
    TAS0612 is the orally active inhibitor of RSK、AKT and S6K. TAS0612 has antitumor activity.
    TAS0612
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity