2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W013507
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate
    		Inducer 99.28%
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate is the racemate of Methyl jasmonate (HY-135663). Methyl jasmonate is a phytohormone that regulates the defense response of plants under biotic and biotic stress through jasmonate signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate can promote the mitochondrial ROS production, but also scavenges free radicals and reduces the oxidative stress. Methyl jasmonate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and sedative activities.
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate
  • HY-B0218R
    Orlistat (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Orlistat (Standard) is the analytical standard of Orlistat. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Orlistat (Tetrahydrolipstatin) is a well-known irreversible inhibitor of pancreatic and gastric lipases. Orlistat is also an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN), is used orally for long-term research of obesity. Anti-atherosclerotic effect.
    Orlistat (Standard)
  • HY-N6258
    Kahweol
    		Inducer 99.0%
    Kahweol is one of the consituents of the coffee from Coffea Arabica with anti-inflammatory anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancerous activities. Kahweol inhibits adipogenesis and increase glucose uptake by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Kahweol induces apoptosis.
    Kahweol
  • HY-N6002
    3'-Hydroxypterostilbene
    		Inducer 99.89%
    3'-Hydroxypterostilbene is a Pterostilbene (HY-N0828) analogue. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene inhibits the growth of COLO 205, HCT-116 and HT-29 cells with IC50s of 9.0, 40.2 and 70.9 μM, respectively. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene significantly down-regulates PI3K/Akt and MAPKs signaling pathways and effectively inhibits the growth of human colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. 3'-Hydroxypterostilbene can be used for the research of cancer.
    3'-Hydroxypterostilbene
  • HY-N7694
    Isotoosendanin
    		Inducer 99.51%
    Isotoosendanin is an orally active TGFβR1 inhibitor and abrogating its kinase activity (IC50 = 6732 nM). Isotoosendanin inhibits the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway by directly targeting SHP-2, enhancing its stability, and reducing its ubiquitination. Isotoosendanin inhibits TGF-β-induced reduces the migration, invasion, and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Isotoosendanin exhibits anti-tumor efficacy in TNBC xenograft models and A549 xenograft tumors. Isotoosendanin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects in acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and λ-carrageenan-induced hind paw edema tests. Isotoosendanin can be used for the study of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), TNBC and inflammation.
    Isotoosendanin
  • HY-12333
    Denfivontinib
    		Inducer 98.0%
    Denfivontinib (G-749) is a potent, oral active and ATP competitive FLT3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.4 nM and 0.6 nM for FLT3 wild type and FLT3-D835Y, respectively. Denfivontinib can be used for the research of agent resistance for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
    Denfivontinib
  • HY-N0617
    Sanggenon C
    		Inducer 98.46%
    Sanggenon C, a flavonoid, exerts protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via suppression of the calcineurin/NFAT2 pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits mitochondrial fission to induce apoptosis by blocking the ERK signaling pathway. Sanggenon C inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells, and TNF-α-stimulated cell adhesion and VCAM-1 expression, by suppressing NF-κB activity. Sanggenon C possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
    Sanggenon C
  • HY-N2334S
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid-d4
    		Inducer 99.90%
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Glycochenodeoxycholic acid. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) is a bile acid formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (Chenodeoxycholylglycine) induces hepatocyte apoptosis.
    Glycochenodeoxycholic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-10261B
    (E/Z)-Afatinib
    		Inducer 99.98%
    (E/Z)-Afatinib ((E/Z)-BIBW 2992) is the mixture of (E)-Afatinib and (Z)-Afatinib. Afatinib (HY-10261) is an irreversible inhibitor of EGFR, by irreversibly binding to their ATP binding site to block activation of EGFR, HER2, HER4, and EGFRvIII. Afatinib used in co-administration with Temozolomide (HY-17364), potently targeting to EGFRvIII-cMet signaling in glioblastoma cells.
    (E/Z)-Afatinib
  • HY-131592
    Tricetin
    		Activator 99.19%
    Tricetin is a potent competitive inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 Protein Protein Interaction (PPI). Tricetin protects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease model by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway.
    Tricetin
  • HY-N6884
    Bixin
    		Inducer 99.53%
    Bixin is an orally active carotenoid found in the seeds of Bixa orellana. Bixin induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Bixin possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. Bixin treatment ameliorated cardiac dysfunction through inhibiting fibrosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
    Bixin
  • HY-136341
    7,8-Dihydroneopterin
    		Inducer 99.79%
    7,8-Dihydroneopterin, an inflammation marker, induces cellular apoptosis in astrocytes and neurons via enhancement of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. 7,8-Dihydroneopterin can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases.
    7,8-Dihydroneopterin
  • HY-N5112B
    β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin
    		Inducer 99.30%
    β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Isoarnebin I) is a naphthoquinone derivative that can be isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin promotes angiogenesis by inducing eNOS, VEGF and HIF-1α expression through the PI3K-dependent pathway. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibits Notch-1 activation. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibtis tumor cell proliferation, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibits tumor growth.
    β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin
  • HY-W009749C
    L-Cystathionine dihydrochloride
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    L-Cystathionine (dihydrochloride) is a nonprotein thioether and is a key amino acid associated with the metabolic state of sulfur-containing amino acids. L-Cystathionine (dihydrochloride) protects against Homocysteine-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). L-Cystathionine (dihydrochloride) plays an important role in cardiovascular protection.
    L-Cystathionine dihydrochloride
  • HY-102078
    ZINC69391
    		Activator 99.76%
    ZINC69391, a specific Rac1 inhibitor, interferes with Rac1-GEF interaction by masking Trp56 residue on Rac1 surface. ZINC69391 interferes with the interaction of Rac1 with Dock180 and reduces Rac1-GTP levels. ZINC69391 induces apoptosis, and shows antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects.
    ZINC69391
  • HY-N0534
    Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside
    		Inhibitor 99.36%
    Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside is an orally active flavonoid glycoside. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside inhibits Apoptosis, increases the phosphorylation levels of PI3K/Akt, inhibits caspase-3, SOD activity, and promotes cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12) secretion. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside strongly inhibits DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 17.5 μM. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside enhances immune function and improves the absorption of active compounds. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside has antioxidant activity. Vitexin-2"-O-rhamnoside is used in the study of cardiovascular disease and immune-related diseases.
    Vitexin-2
  • HY-124081
    N-Oleoyl-L-serine
    		Activator 99.76%
    N-Oleoyl-L-Serine is an endogenous amide of long-chain fatty acids with ethanolamine (N-acyl amides). N-Oleoyl-L-Serine is a lipid regulator of bone remodeling and stimulates osteoclast apoptosis. N-Oleoyl-L-Serine can be used for antiosteoporotic drug discovery development.
    N-Oleoyl-L-serine
  • HY-100395
    F16
    		Inducer 99.94%
    F16 is a potent growth inhibitor of the neu-overexpressing cells and also selectively inhibits proliferation of mammary epithelial as well as a variety of mouse mammary tumor and human breast cancer cell lines.
    F16
  • HY-N2541
    Gymnemic acid I
    		Inhibitor 98.84%
    Gymnemic acid I is a bioactive triterpene saponin found in Gymnema sylvestre. Gymnemic acid I is an antisweetness inhibitor via human sweet receptor type 1 receptor 2 (T1R2) and T1R3. Gymnemic acid I is a ribosomal protein biosynthesis inhibitor. Gymnemic acid I has antidiabetic effects. Gymnema acid I induces autophagy-protected MIN-6 cells from apoptosis under high glucose stress by inhibiting the phosphorylation activity of mTOR.
    Gymnemic acid I
  • HY-N2232
    N-​Feruloyloctopamine
    		Inducer 99.91%
    N-Feruloyloctopamine (N-trans-Feruloyloctopamine) is an antioxidant component that can be isolated from garlic skin. N-Feruloyloctopamine can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and induce apoptosis. N-Feruloyloctopamine has antitumor activity and can be used in the research of tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma.
    N-​Feruloyloctopamine
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity