2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-124081
    N-Oleoyl-L-serine
    		Activator ≥99.0%
    N-Oleoyl-L-Serine is an endogenous amide of long-chain fatty acids with ethanolamine (N-acyl amides). N-Oleoyl-L-Serine is a lipid regulator of bone remodeling and stimulates osteoclast apoptosis. N-Oleoyl-L-Serine can be used for antiosteoporotic drug discovery development.
    N-Oleoyl-L-serine
  • HY-160099
    20-5,14-HEDE
    		Inhibitor 98.34%
    20-5,14-HEDE (WIT003) is an analog of 20-HETE. 20-5,14-HEDE activates PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby exhibiting anti-apoptotic and cell survival promoting effects. 20-5,14-HEDE is the agonist for 20-HETE that increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, thereby enhancing vasoconstriction.
    20-5,14-HEDE
  • HY-129624A
    Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate
    		Activator 99.68%
    Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate (Ro 31-7549 acetate) is a potent and selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor with an IC50 of 158 nM for rat brain PKC. Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate has IC50s of 53, 195, 163, 213, and 175 nM for PKC-α, PKC-βI, PKC-βII, PKC-γ, PKC-ε, respectively. Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate facilitates Fas-mediated apoptosis and inhibits T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
    Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate
  • HY-N8146
    Bruceantinol
    		98.89%
    Bruceantinol is a quassinoid that can be isolated from Brucea javanica, inhibits pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) in pepper. Bruceantinol is a STAT3 inhibitor demonstrating potent antitumor activity in in vitro and in vivo human colorectal cancer (CRC) models. Bruceantinol has potent anti-leukemic activity. Bruceantinol strongly inhibits STAT3 DNA-binding ability (IC50 = 2.4 pM), blocks the constitutive and IL-6-induced STAT3 activation, and suppresses transcription of MCL-1, PTTG1, survivin and c-Myc. Bruceantinol binds with CDK2/4/6 to facilitate protein degradation through proteasome pathway. Bruceantinol can dose- and time-dependently reduces the cell growth, impede cell proliferation, disrupts the cell cycle, and induces necrosis in MCF-7 cells and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.
    Bruceantinol
  • HY-155163
    APG-2449
    		98.93%
    APG-2449 is an orally active inhibitor for BCL-2 and multikinase (ALK/FAK/ROS1) with potent antitumor activities. APG-2449 reduces cell viability and enhances apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. APG-2449 decreases activation of FAK and its downstream effectors. APG-2449 can be studied in research for mesothelioma tumor, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, hematologic and solid malignancies.
    APG-2449
  • HY-W009776
    Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid
    		Inducer ≥98.0%
    Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (Suberohydroxamic acid; SBHA) is a competitive and cell-permeable HDAC1 and HDAC3 inhibitor with ID50 values of 0.25 μM and 0.30 μM, respectively.Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid renders MM cells susceptible to apoptosis and facilitates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid can be used for the study of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).
    Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid
  • HY-N6694
    4-Bromo A23187
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    4-Bromo A23187 is a halogenated analog of the highly selective calcium ionophore A-23187. 4-Bromo A23187, a calcium modulator, induces apoptosis in different cells, including HL-60 cells.
    4-Bromo A23187
  • HY-108277
    Ginsenoside F5
    		Inducer 99.76%
    Ginsenoside F5, from crude extracts of flower buds of Panax ginseng, remarkably inhibits the growth of HL-60 cells by the apoptosis pathway.
    Ginsenoside F5
  • HY-17587
    4-Methylbenzylidene camphor
    		Inducer 99.87%
    4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) is an endocrine disrupter that produces estrogen-like effects. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor decreases the proliferation of human trophoblast cells and induces apoptosis. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor activates PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and elevates intracellular ROS production. 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor is a ultraviolet (UV) filter and may hamper normal placental formation during early pregnancy.
    4-Methylbenzylidene camphor
  • HY-128972
    Purpurin 18
    		Activator
    Purpurin 18, a derivative of chlorophyll and a type of dihydroporphyrin, is used to produce photosensitizers. Purpurin 18 photodynamic therapy can induce cell apoptosis and has anti-tumor activity.
    Purpurin 18
  • HY-N6866
    Gomisin N
    		Inducer 99.94%
    Gomisin N is an orally active lignan compound. Gomisin N can be isolated from Schisandra chinensis. Gomisin N induces Apoptosis in a variety of cells. Gomisin N activates AMPK, Akt, MAPK/ERK, Nrf2, caspase-3 and PARP-1. Gomisin N inhibits GSK3β, nitric oxide (NO), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). Gomisin N has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-melanogenesis activities. Gomisin N has anti-tumor activity against cervical cancer and liver cancer. Gomisin N improves Alzheimer's disease.
    Gomisin N
  • HY-N3415
    Kumatakenin
    		Activator 99.20%
    Kumatakenin, a flavonoid that is isolated from cloves shows the effect of inducing apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells.
    Kumatakenin
  • HY-100025A
    HLCL-61 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.87%
    HLCL-61 hydrochloride is a first-in-class inhibitor of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5).
    HLCL-61 hydrochloride
  • HY-16999
    RO8994
    		Inducer 99.62%
    RO8994 (Compound 4) is an orally active, highly potent and selective spiroindolinone p53-MDM2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 5 nM (HTRF binding assays) and 20 nM (MTT proliferation assays). RO8994 induces up-regulation of p53 expression and Apoptosis in wild-type p53 cancer cells. RO8994 also inhibits tumor growth in the tumor xenograft model.
    RO8994
  • HY-13064A
    Cobimetinib hemifumarate
    		Inducer 99.73%
    Cobimetinib hemifumarate is a novel selective MEK1 inhibitor, and the IC50 value against MEK1 is 4.2 nM.
    Cobimetinib hemifumarate
  • HY-133557
    XZ739
    		Inducer 99.06%
    XZ739, a Cereblon-dependent PROTAC BCL-XL (Bcl-2 family member) degrader with a DC50 value of 2.5 nM in MOLT-4 cells after 16 h treatment. XZ739 also induces cell death through caspase-mediated apoptosis.
    XZ739
  • HY-114414
    HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1
    		Inducer 99.01%
    HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1 is a dual HDAC.html" class="link-product" target="_blank">HDACs and mTOR.html" class="link-product" target="_blank">mTOR inhibitor, with IC50s of 0.19 nM, 1.8 nM, 1.2 nM for HDAC1, HDAC6, mTOR, respectively. HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1 stimulates cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and induces tumor cell apoptosis with low toxicity in vivo. HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1 can be used in the research of hematologic malignancies.
    HDACs/mTOR Inhibitor 1
  • HY-19747
    HPOB
    		Inducer 99.80%
    HPOB is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of HDAC6 with an IC50 of 56 nM. HPOB displays >30 fold less potent against other HDACs. HPOB enhances the effectiveness of DNA-damaging anticancer agents in transformed cells but not normal cells. HPOB does not block the ubiquitin-binding activity of HDAC6.
    HPOB
  • HY-150505
    DC-U4106
    		Inducer 99.03%
    DC-U4106 is a USP8 targeting inhibitor with the Kdvalue of 4.7 μM and the IC50 value of 1.2 μM. DC-U4106 can target the ubiquitin pathway and facilitate the degradation of Erα. DC-U4106 inhibits tumor growth with minimal toxicity and has the potential for the research of breast cancer.
    DC-U4106
  • HY-13627
    Estramustine phosphate sodium
    		Inducer 99.42%
    Estramustine phosphate sodium, an estradiol analog, is an orally active antimicrotubule chemotherapy agent. Estramustine phosphate sodium depolymerises microtubules by binding to microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and/or to tubulin. Estramustine phosphate sodium can interfere mitosis, trigger cell death and induce apoptosis, which can be used for the research of cancer like prostate cancer.
    Estramustine phosphate sodium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity