2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-B0739R
    Citicoline (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Citicoline (Cytidine diphosphate-choline) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citicoline. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citicoline is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine which is a component of cell membranes. Citicoline inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Citicoline can be used for neurological disease and hearing loss study.
    Citicoline (Standard)
  • HY-W144308R
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tetrachlorohydroquinone (HY-W144308). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) is a metabolite of Pentachlorophenol. Tetrachlorohydroquinone induces reactive oxidant stress (ROS), inhibits apoptosis and induces necrosis in primary mouse splenocytes. Tetrachlorohydroquinone increases DNA lesions and induces oxidative stress in rodents.
    Tetrachlorohydroquinone (Standard)
  • HY-157788
    ZX703
    		Inducer
    ZX703 (compound 5I) is a PROTAC that significantly degrades GPX4 in a dose- and time-dependent manner through the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways (DC50=0.315 µM). ZX703 induces ferroptosis by inducing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation in cells. ZX703 can be used for cancer research.
    ZX703
  • HY-175806
    CS47
    		Inducer
    CS47 is a reversible Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor. CS47 activates stress-responsive GSH and iron regulatory programs, depleting GSH and promoting HO-1 overexpression and intracellular iron overload by ROS accumulation, and finally inducing ferroptosis in KRAS-independent lung cancers. CS47 has an anticancer activity with low cytotoxicity toward normal lung fibroblasts.
    CS47
  • HY-N0733S1
    Glucosamine-2-13C hydrochloride
    Glucosamine-2-13C (hydrochloride) is the 13C labeled Glucosamine hydrochloride. Glucosamine hydrochloride (D-Glucosamine hydrochloride) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids, is used as
    Glucosamine-2-<sup>13</sup>C hydrochloride
  • HY-N15722
    9-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-3,4-dimethoxy-cinnamic acid
    		Inhibitor
    9-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-3,4-dimethoxy-cinnamic acid is an orally active phenylpropanoid glycoside found in Microlepia pilosissima, acting as an antioxidant. 9-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-3,4-dimethoxy-cinnamic acid shows a DPPH radical scavenging activity with an ED50 value of 38.1 μM. 9-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-3,4-dimethoxy-cinnamic acid is promising for research of oxidative stress-related diseases such as inflammation and liver injury.
    9-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-3,4-dimethoxy-cinnamic acid
  • HY-116429A
    7(S)-Maresin 1
    7(S)-Maresin 1 is an inactive 7(S) exomer of Maresin 1, containing a 7(R) hydroxyl group. It can be used as a negative control. Maresin 1 is a specific regulator of endogenous DHA production in the human body, which can stimulate the production and secretion of intracellular Ca2+.
    7(S)-Maresin 1
  • HY-B1777AR
    Spermine tetrahydrochloride (Standard)
    Spermine (tetrahydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Spermine (tetrahydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro. Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells.
    Spermine tetrahydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N0408R
    Picroside II (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Picroside II (Standard) is the analytical standard of Picroside II. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Picroside II, an iridoid compound extracted from Picrorhiza, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. picroside II alleviates the inflammatory response in sepsis and enhances immune function by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathways. Picroside II is an antioxidant, exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect through reducing ROS production and protects the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. Picroside II has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulatory, anti-virus and other pharmacological activities.
    Picroside II (Standard)
  • HY-175263
    Aminochalcone 4AAF
    		Inhibitor
    Aminochalcone 4AAF is a neuroprotective agent that exerts anxiolytic effects through GABAA and 5-HT receptors. Aminochalcone 4AAF has high selectivity for 5-HT3A and 5-HT2C receptors, and stimulates allosteric behavior toward the 5-HT2A receptor. Aminochalcone 4AAF shows hypoglycemic effects and reduces the level of ROS in the liver. Aminochalcone 4AAF delays the clonic stage of the epileptic seizures . Aminochalcone 4AAF can be used in the study of anxiety, hyperglycemia, and seizures.
    Aminochalcone 4AAF
  • HY-150791
    FLDP-5
    		Inducer
    FLDP-5 is a blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrant curcuminoid analogues. FLDP-5 can induce production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), DNA damage and cell cycle S phase arrest. FLDP-5 exhibits highly potent tumour-suppressive effects with anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activities on LN-18 cells.
    FLDP-5
  • HY-179018
    Topoisomerase II-IN-25
    Topoisomerase II-IN-25 (Compound 6a) is a selective inhibitor of topoisomerase II and has no inhibitory activity on topoisomerase I. Topoisomerase II-IN-25 exhibits significant anti-PC-3 cell activity. Topoisomerase II-IN-25 significantly increases intracellular ROS levels, inducing oxidative stress. Topoisomerase II-IN-25 causes depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes cell apoptosis. Topoisomerase II-IN-25 blocks PC-3 cells in the G2/M phase. Topoisomerase II-IN-25 can be used for the study of prostate cancer.
    Topoisomerase II-IN-25
  • HY-N6929R
    Angelic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Angelic acid (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Angelic acid (HY-N6929). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Angelic acid is a ferroptosis inducer, targeting NRF2 degradation. Angelic acid binds to NRF2 protein and promotes NRF2 degradation via ubiquitination-proteasome pathway, relieves the inhibitory effect of NRF2 on oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Then, Angelic acid induces ferroptosis in tumor cells. Angelic acid can enhance the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulate ferroptosis-related markers CHAC1 and PTGS2, and synergize with ferroptosis inducers to enhance anti-tumor effects. Angelic acid also has the activity of scavenging UVA-induced ROS in vitro, inhibiting skin fibroblast senescence and extracellular matrix degradation. Angelic Acid helps wound healing with sedative activity.
    Angelic acid (Standard)
  • HY-134900R
    Allyl methyl trisulfide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Allyl methyl trisulfide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Allyl methyl trisulfide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Allyl methyl trisulfide is a volatile organic compound and a component of garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oil, which has antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activities[1].
    Allyl methyl trisulfide (Standard)
  • HY-155662
    ROS inducer 3
    		Inducer
    ROS inducer 3 (Compound I6) is a ROS inducer. ROS inducer 3 has excellent in vitro bioactivity with an EC50 of 2.86 μg/mL. ROS inducer 3 has significant protective activity for preventing Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. ROS inducer 2, as a bactericidal agent, can be used for the research of intractable plant bacterial diseases.
    ROS inducer 3
  • HY-N4093R
    Astringin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Astringin (trans-Astringin) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Astringin (HY-N4093). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Astringin (trans-Astringin) is an orally active natural flavonoid compound. Astringin can inhibit the production of oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, etc. Astringin has multiple activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Astringin is also an inhibitor of ferroptosis. Astringin can be used in the research of diseases such as acute lung injury.
    Astringin (Standard)
  • HY-N10379
    19-epi-Scholaricine
    		Inhibitor
    19-epi-Scholaricine is an orally active indole alkaloid that downregulates the expression of collagen fibrosis and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities.
    19-epi-Scholaricine
  • HY-W001083S1
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d5
    		Inhibitor
    2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl-2,4,6-d3)acetic-2,2-d2 acid is the deuterium labeled 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HY-W001083). 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid is an orally active flavonoid metabolite produced by intestinal flora, with blood pressure-lowering activity. 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid can also inhibit ferroptosis by upregulating the expression of GPX4, thereby improving spermatogenic dysfunction in aged mice. In addition, abnormal levels of 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid are closely related to certain diseases, such as autism spectrum disorders.
    3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-W754114
    Nalmefene Sulfate-d3
    Nalmefene Sulfate-d3 is the deuterium labeled Nalmefene (HY-107744). Nalmefene is a BBB-penetrable opioid receptor modulator. Nalmefene is an antagonist of MOR and DOR, and a partial agonist of KOR. Nalmefene has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Nalmefene can be used in the research of reducing alcohol-dependent disorders.
    Nalmefene Sulfate-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-175567
    Apoptosis inducer 41
    		Agonist
    Apoptosis inducer 41 is an apoptosis inducer that induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Apoptosis inducer 41 exhibits remarkable inhibitory effects against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 6.2 μM). Apoptosis inducer 41 significantly arrests MCF-7 cells in the G2/M phase, increases ROS accumulation, induces mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. Apoptosis inducer 41 can used for the study of breast cancer.
    Apoptosis inducer 41
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity