2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-168097
    Ferroptosis inducer-6
    		Inducer
    Ferroptosis inducer 6 (6d) is a ferroptosis inducer with high potency for type I/-II photodynamic therapy by inducing ROS generation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Ferroptosis inducer 6 has anti-tumor activity.
    Ferroptosis inducer-6
  • HY-130237R
    Cinnamtannin B-1 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Cinnamtannin B-1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cinnamtannin B-1. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cinnamtannin B-1 is a anthocyanidin. Cinnamtannin B-1 inhibits the osteoclast formation by inhibiting NF-kB signaling pathway and ROS generation. Cinnamtannin B-1 exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Cinnamtannin B-1 is orally active.
    Cinnamtannin B-1 (Standard)
  • HY-155568
    Anti-inflammatory agent 47
    Flo8 is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound. Flo8 inhibits the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) and suppresses neuronal apoptotic by inhibiting inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. Flo8 can be used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) research.
    Anti-inflammatory agent 47
  • HY-B1125R
    Glucosamine (Standard)
    Isomogroside V (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isomogroside V. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isomogroside V is a sweetener, which extracted from Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle).
    Glucosamine (Standard)
  • HY-B0223S4
    Albendazole-d3-1
    Albendazole-d3-1 (SKF-62979-d3-1) is the deuterium labeled Albendazole (HY-B0223). Albendazole (SKF-62979) is an orally active and broad-spectrum parasiticide with high effectiveness and low host toxicity, is used for the research of gastrointestinal parasites in humans and animals. Albendazole induces apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Albendazole also inhibits tubulin polymerization and HIF-1α, VEGF expression, has antioxidant activity, and inhibits the glycolytic process in cancer cells.
    Albendazole-d<sub>3</sub>-1
  • HY-175214
    Antitumor photosensitizer-9
    		Agonist
    Antitumor photosensitizer-9 is a near-infrared Photosensitizer (PS) with a high singlet oxygen production rate (relative rate = 1.79). Antitumor photosensitizer-9 exhibits strong phototoxicity against various cancer cells and induces ROS generation under light irradiation. Antitumor photosensitizer-9 inhibits tumor growth in vivo and exhibits excellent anticancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy at low drug and light doses. Antitumor photosensitizer-9 can be used in photodynamic therapy research.
    Antitumor photosensitizer-9
  • HY-126849
    3-Morpholinosydnonimine
    		Inducer
    3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) is a spontaneous ROS/RNS generator and peroxynitrite donor. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine is a vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine induces oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and necrosis. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine inhibits the migration, proliferation and neointima formation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the expression of annexin A2. In addition, low doses of 3-Morpholinosydnonimine shows protective effects on Zn2+ treated nerve cells.
    3-Morpholinosydnonimine
  • HY-128741R
    D-Allose (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    D-Allose (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-Allose (HY-128741). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-Allose exhibits antitumor activity against various cancer cells. D-Allose scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduces oxidative stress damage. D-Allose exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective through inhibition of TLR4/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. D-Allose exhibits antihypertensive, cryoprotective, and anti-osteoporotic activities.
    D-Allose (Standard)
  • HY-170774
    Hypoxia inducer-1
    		Inhibitor
    Hypoxia inducer-1 (Compound N6) is an orally active hypoxia activated nitric oxide (NO) donor compound. Hypoxia inducer-1 exhibits highly selective NO release under hypoxic conditions and inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis, necrosis, and the increase in ROS levels. Hypoxia inducer-1 regulates vascular dilation and has a protective effect in a mouse model of myocardial hypoxia injury. Hypoxia inducer-1 can be used in the research of coronary heart disease.
    Hypoxia inducer-1
  • HY-176557
    NCI677397
    		Agonist
    NCI677397 is a USP24 inhibitor. NCI677397 increases lipid ROS, activates cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, degrades ABC transporters, GPX4 and DHFR through the autophagy pathway, decreases the level of P-gp and ultimately leads to ferroptosis in drug-resistant cancer cells. NCI677397 can be used for the study of lung caner and brain cancer.
    NCI677397
  • HY-N8054
    1-Hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-D-glucoside
    		Inhibitor
    1-Hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-D-glucoside (Compound 4) is an antioxidative compound.
    1-Hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-D-glucoside
  • HY-B1777S
    Spermine-15N2
    Spermine-15N2 (NSC 268508-15N2) is the 15N-labeled Spermine (HY-B1777). Spermine is a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Spermine is known to inhibit some bacterial cultures, especially strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Spermine induces neurotoxicity in the striarum dose-dependently. Spermine can reversibly inhibits DNA synthetic response, mixed lymphocyte response and the induction of cytolytic lymphocyte response in primary cultures of murine spleen cells. Spermine tetrahydrochloride is a polyamine nitric oxide donor that can provide nitric oxide to platelets and inhibit platelet activation to a certain extent concentration-dependently. Spermine tetrahydrochloride occurs in mammalian tissues, plants, bacteria, ribosomes and bacteriophage. Spermine tetrahydrochloride inhibits primary human embryo lung fibroblasts in vitro.
    Spermine-<sup>15</sup>N<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-175275
    10-Butyl Ether Minocycline
    		Inhibitor
    10-Butyl Ether Minocycline (BEM), a Minocycline (HY-17412A) derivative, is an MMP-8 and MMP-9 inhibitor with IC50s of 69.4 µM and 47.0 µM, respectively. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline suppresses LPS (HY-D1056)-induced microglial activation. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and L-Glutamine (HY-N0390)-induced ROS levels. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline significantly reduces alcohol consumption in the Chronic Intermittent Ethanol (CIE) mouse model of alcohol dependence. 10-Butyl Ether Minocycline can be used for the study of neuroimmune-inflammatory diseases and Alcohol use disorder (AUD).
    10-Butyl Ether Minocycline
  • HY-178342
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-18
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 is a potent orally activeXanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.263 μM). Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 exerts inhibition by directly and stably binding to the xanthine oxidase Mo-co active site. Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 exhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity. Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 shows anti-hyperuricemia effects in a Potassium oxonate (HY-17511)-induced hyperuricemic rat model. Xanthine oxidase-IN-18 can be used for hyperuricemia, breast and lung cancer research.
    Xanthine oxidase-IN-18
  • HY-113328R
    Aminoadipic acid (Standard)
    		Activator
    Aminoadipic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aminoadipic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aminoadipic acid is an orally active lysine oxide derivative. Aminoadipic acid induces ROS generation, increases free Ca2+, decreases SOD, and activates TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway. Aminoadipic acid has pro-inflammatory effects. Aminoadipic acid can be used in atherosclerosis research[1][2][3][4].
    Aminoadipic acid (Standard)
  • HY-175521
    HIF-1α-IN-8
    		Inhibitor
    HIF-1α-IN-8 is an orally active HIF-1α inhibitor, with an IC50 of 2.02 μM. HIF-1α-IN-8 significantly suppresses the expression of inflammation factors of IL-6 and NO, reduces hypoxia-induced ROS production and apoptosis in C8-D1A cells. HIF-1α-IN-8 inhibits HIF-1α/IKKα/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduces the expression of blood-brain barrier permeability-related proteins. HIF-1α-IN-8 reduces brain water content and oxidative stress level in mice with high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) model. HIF-1α-IN-8 can be used for the study of high altitude cerebral edema (HACE).
    HIF-1α-IN-8
  • HY-17007S
    Saquinavir-d9
    		Inhibitor
    Saquinavir-d9 (Ro 31-8959-d9) is the deuterium labeled Saquinavir (HY-17007). Saquinavir (Ro 31-8959) is an orally active HIV protease inhibitor that can be used in the research of AIDS. Saquinavir also has anti-inflammatory activity and can induce apoptosis of human red blood cells.
    Saquinavir-d<sub>9</sub>
  • HY-12590
    Glutathione oxidized disodium
    Glutathione oxidized disodium is produced by the oxidation of glutathione which is a major intracellular antioxidant and detoxifying agent.
    Glutathione oxidized disodium
  • HY-N10593
    Ladanetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    		Inhibitor
    Ladanetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is an active flavonoid. Ladanetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has antioxidative effect. Ladanetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside can be used for the research of cardioprotective effects.
    Ladanetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
  • HY-161850
    ULK1-IN-3
    		Agonist
    ULK1-IN-3 (Compound 8) is a novel chromone-based as a potential inhibitor of ULK1. ULK1-IN-3 inhibits cell cycle, autophagy and induces apoptosis, oxidative stress in colon cancer cell lines.
    ULK1-IN-3
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity