2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-107837R
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (Standard)
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (trisodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (trisodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) is a long-acting vitamin C derivative that can stimulate collagen formation and expression[1]. L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) can be used as a culture medium supplement for the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium) increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runx2A in hASCs during the osteogenic differentiation[2][3].
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium (Standard)
  • HY-B0347R
    Lacidipine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Lacidipine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lacidipine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lacidipine is an orally active and highly selective L-type calcium channel blocker that acts on smooth muscle calcium channels, primarily dilates peripheral arteries, reduces peripheral resistance, and has long-lasting anti-hypertensive activity. Lacidipine protects HKCs from apoptosis induced by ATP depletion and recovery by modulating the caspase-3 pathway. Lacidipine can be used in studies of hypertension, atherosclerosis and acute kidney injury (AKI).
    Lacidipine (Standard)
  • HY-W040028R
    Cartap hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Cartap (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cartap (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cartap hydrochloride, an organonitrogen insecticide, can cause a marked irreversible Ca2+-dependent contracture in both isolated mouse and rabbit phrenic nerve-diaphragms. Cartap hydrochloride significantly increases the level of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C2C12 cells.
    Cartap hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-B1428R
    2-Ethoxybenzamide (Standard)
    		Inducer
    2-Ethoxybenzamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Ethoxybenzamide (HY-B1428). 2-Ethoxybenzamide (Ethenzamide) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that shows analgesic and antipyretic effects. 2-Ethoxybenzamide induces melanin synthesis via cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. 2-Ethoxybenzamide can be used in the research of hypopigmentation and inflammation-related diseases.
    2-Ethoxybenzamide (Standard)
  • HY-N8466
    (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside is an inhibitor of ROS. (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside reduces lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disorders in FFAs-exposed HepG2 cells. (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside inhibits high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species production.
    (-)-Lyoniresinol 9'-O-glucoside
  • HY-B2239R
    Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate (Standard)
    Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate is a lipophilic flavin derivative with antioxidative and lipid peroxide-removing activity.
    Riboflavin Tetrabutyrate (Standard)
  • HY-14781S3
    Levomefolic acid-d3
    Levomefolic acid-d3 (L-5-MTHF-d3) is deuterium labeled Levomefolic acid. Levomefolic acid (L-5-MTHF) is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements.
    Levomefolic acid-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-107368R
    Sulcotrione (Standard)
    Sulcotrione (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sulcotrione. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sulcotrione is a β-triketone herbicide which can inhibit hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD).
    Sulcotrione (Standard)
  • HY-W753779
    8-Hydroxygenistein
    		Inhibitor
    8-Hydroxygenistein (8-OHG) is an antioxidant that can effectively scavenge nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O₂⁻). 8-Hydroxygenistein belongs to ortho-dihydroxy isoflavones (ODI) and is abundantly present in dark soy sauce and light soy sauce. Its antioxidant activity is stronger than that of its parent compound genistein (HY-14596). The content of 8-Hydroxygenistein is positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity of soy sauce (r = 0.959), and it remains highly stable even after being heated in boiling water for 60 minutes. During the brewing and storage of soy sauce, 8-Hydroxygenistein effectively prevents oxidative damage, making it promising for use in food antioxidant research.
    8-Hydroxygenistein
  • HY-121423
    Dimethachlor
    		Inducer
    Dimethachlor, a synthetic herbicide, inhibits the undesirable growth of weeds via the suppression of very long-chain fatty acid synthesis. Dimethachlor disrupts normal developmental processes via the induction of apoptosis and ROS production.
    Dimethachlor
  • HY-17402S1
    Nisoldipine-d4
    Nisoldipine-d4 (BAY-k 5552-d4) is the deuterium labeled Nisoldipine. Nisoldipine(BAY-k 5552) is a calcium channel blocker belonging to the dihydropyridines class, specific for L-type Cav1.2 with IC50 of 10 nM[1][2].
    Nisoldipine-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-170937
    Urease-IN-20
    		Inhibitor
    Urease-IN-20 (compound XBP2) is an inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Urease-IN-20 inhibits H. pylori with an IC50 of 0.14 μM. Urease-IN-20 reduces cell Apoptosis and decreases ROS and γH2AX in GES-1 cells infected with H. pylori. Urease-IN-20 exhibits significant gastric mucosal protective effects. Urease-IN-20 shows the potential for H. pylori research.
    Urease-IN-20
  • HY-100542R
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Standard)
    		Activator
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (disodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (disodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Disodium (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) is the principal metabolite accumulating in neurometabolic disease D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium is a weak competitive antagonist of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and inhibits multiple α-KG-dependent dioxygenases with a Ki of 10.87 mM. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium binds and inhibits ATP synthase and inhibits mTOR signaling.
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium (Standard)
  • HY-127149
    Mofarotene
    		Inducer
    Mofarotene (Ro 40-8757), an arotinoid, is anticancer compound. Mofarotene induces apoptosis, associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, activation of caspase-3 and -9, and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Mofarotene inhibits hematopoiesis in vitro by inhibiting maturation from primitive progenitor cells.
    Mofarotene
  • HY-14781A
    Levomefolic acid magnesium
    Levomefolic acid magnesium is an orally active, brain-penetrant natural active form of folic acid and is one of the most widely used folic acid food supplements.
    Levomefolic acid magnesium
  • HY-W753479
    Cannflavin C
    		Inhibitor
    Cannflavin C (compound 5) can be isolated from Cannabis sativa. Cannflavin C has anti-oxidant activity.
    Cannflavin C
  • HY-116572
    TASIN-1 hydrochloride
    		Activator
    TASIN-1 hydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of truncated APCTR (adenomatous polyposis coli gene) that exerts cytotoxic effects by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis. TASIN-1 hydrochloride specifically targets colorectal cancer (CRC) cells carrying APC truncated mutations, while having no significant toxicity to wild-type APC cells. TASIN-1 hydrochloride exerts cytotoxic effects by targeting Emopamil binding protein (EBP) to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, triggering endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and JNK-mediated apoptosis, and inhibiting Akt survival signaling. TASIN-1 hydrochloride can be used to prevent and intervene in APC mutant colorectal cancer.
    TASIN-1 hydrochloride
  • HY-N15496
    Fusaproliferin
    		Inhibitor
    Fusaproliferin is a sesterterpene mycotoxin isolated from Fusarium solani. Fusaproliferin reverse Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) stimulation and the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways contribute to the anti-inflammatory process. Fusaproliferin exhibits affinity for the TLR4 protein with KD values of 28.6 μM. Fusaproliferin shows cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cell with rapid and sub-micromolar IC50.
    Fusaproliferin
  • HY-170991
    C12-rrw-NH2
    		Inducer
    C12-rrw-NH2 (Compound Lip7) is an antibacterial agent against gram-positive bacteria, especially against Methicillin (HY-121544)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). C12-rrw-NH2 induces bacterial death via depolarizing the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, disrupting the integrity of the bacterial membrane, leading to leakage of nucleic acid and protein and promoting the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. C12-rrw-NH2 is potential to be used for research of developing high-stability antimicrobial peptides.
    C12-rrw-NH2
  • HY-15930R
    TMB (Standard)
    TMB (Standard) is the analytical standard of TMB. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. TMB is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.
    TMB (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity