2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0022R
    Isoacteoside (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Isoacteoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Isoacteoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Isoacteoside is a natural product that can significantly inhibit the formation of glycation end products. Isoacteoside Standard regulates the AKT/PI3K/m-TOR/NF-κB signaling pathway, induces apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cell. Isoacteoside Standard exhibits antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and neuroprotective activities.
    Isoacteoside (Standard)
  • HY-171031
    TFGF-18
    		Inhibitor
    TFGF-18 is a GSK-3β inhibitor (IC50: 0.59 μM). TFGF-18 inhibits LPS-induced microglia activation and proinflammatory mediators release via inhibiting GSK-3β and downstream p65/NF-κB signaling. TFGF-18 inhibits neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, inhibits expressions of Bax, caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3 and increases the expression of Bcl-2. TFGF-18 has neuroprotection effect, inhibit neuroinflammation and attenuates cognitive impairment.
    TFGF-18
  • HY-N13301
    Aloe vera
    		Inhibitor
    Aloe vera is an herbal plant known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, heart-protective, and wound-healing properties. Aloe vera can be used in research for tumors, diabetes, bone diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
    Aloe vera
  • HY-W014223R
    2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Ultraviolet absorber UV-0) occupies the hydrophobic pocket of MD2 and blocks the dimerization of TLR4. 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone inhibits the LPS induced mtROS production, and LPS induced inflammatory response by downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators and decreasing the expression of MyD88, p-IRAK4, and NF-κB. 2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone is also a UV absorber.
    2,4′-Dihydroxybenzophenone (Standard)
  • HY-W041080R
    3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (Standard)
    		Activator
    3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (HY-W041080). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol is an volatile organic compound with anti-biofilm and antifungal activities. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. albicans cells. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol also has antibacterial activities.
    3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (Standard)
  • HY-N15415
    Zaluzanin C
    		Inhibitor
    Zaluzanin C is a sesquiterpene lactone. Zaluzanin C has anti-inflammatory activity and can inhibit the production of mtROS, block the NF-κB signaling pathway, and reduce the production of TNF-α. In addition, Zaluzanin C can inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes.
    Zaluzanin C
  • HY-112053R
    DPPH (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    DPPH (Standard) is the analytical standard of DPPH. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a stable free radical that can be used to measure the radical scavenging activity of antioxidants. The odd electron of nitrogen atom in DPPH is reduced by receiving a hydrogen atom from antioxidants to the corresponding hydrazine. DPPH method may be utilized in aqueous and nonpolar organic solvents and can be used to examine both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants.
    DPPH (Standard)
  • HY-119695AS2
    Simvastatin acid-d3 ammonium
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid-d3 (Tenivastatin-d3) ammonium is deuterium-labeled Simvastatin acid (ammonium) (HY-119695A).
    Simvastatin acid-d<sub>3</sub> ammonium
  • HY-101193R
    Zinc Protoporphyrin (Standard)
    Zinc Protoporphyrin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Zinc Protoporphyrin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Zinc Protoporphyrin (Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX) is an orally active and competitive heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor and markedly attenuates the protective effects of Phloroglucinol (PG) against H2O2. Zinc Protoporphyrin is used as a screening marker of iron deficiency in individual pregnant women and children, but also to assess population iron status in combination with haemoglobin concentration. Zinc Protoporphyrin has anti-cancer activity.
    Zinc Protoporphyrin (Standard)
  • HY-123630R
    Allura Red AC (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Allura Red AC (Standard) is an analytical standard of Allura Red AC. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Allura Red AC is a food colorant, appearing as a deep red water-soluble powder or granules, used in various applications such as beverages, syrups, candies, and cereals. Allura Red AC can statically quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA. Additionally, Allura Red AC is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pathway-associated pro-inflammatory agent, capable of exacerbating experimental colitis. Allura Red AC holds potential for research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), intestinal barrier function, and food additive safety.
    Allura Red AC (Standard)
  • HY-W075770
    Nickel(II) oxide
    		Inducer ≥99.0%
    Nickel(II) oxide is a chemical compound which nanoparticle form (NiO NPs) exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, anti-diabetic and anticancer activities. NiO NPs can be activated by ultraviolet and visible light to generate reactive oxygen species, which may be the main cause for the antimicrobial potential.
    Nickel(II) oxide
  • HY-130668
    Cyanidin arabinoside
    Cyanidin arabinoside is an antioxidant agent, that exhibits a Trolox (HY-101445) equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 1.286.
    Cyanidin arabinoside
  • HY-100607AR
    Landiolol hydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Landiolol (ONO1101) hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Landiolol hydrochloride (HY-100607A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Landiolol (ONO1101) hydrochloride is a highly selective, ultra-short-acting competitive inhibitor of β1 adrenergic receptors. Landiolol hydrochloride specifically blocks cardiac β1 receptors, reducing heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption. Landiolol hydrochloride inhibits TNF-α-induced excessive mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species production in a sepsis model, alleviating renal injury. Landiolol hydrochloride has little effect on cardiac ion channels (such as L-type calcium current and inward rectifier potassium current) and has a weak negative inotropic effect. Landiolol hydrochloride can be used for perioperative tachycardia control and protection studies of sepsis-related acute kidney injury.
    Landiolol hydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-B0612AR
    Lercanidipine (hydrochloride) (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Lercanidipine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lercanidipine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lercanidipine is a third-generation, lipophilic, brain-penetrant, vascular-selective and orally active dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker with a pIC50 of 7.74 (converts from μM). Lercanidipine has long lasting antihypertensive action as well as reno- and neuro-protective effect. Lercanidipine also shows anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Lercanidipine can be used in cardiovascular and neurological research.
    Lercanidipine (hydrochloride) (Standard)
  • HY-18733S
    Lipoic acid-d4
    Lipoic acid-d4 ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid-d4) is deuterium labeled Lipoic acid. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.
    Lipoic acid-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-162818
    Antibacterial agent 237
    		Activator
    Antibacterial agent 237 (compound Ru-8) is a bacteriostatic agent for Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC of 0.78-1.56 μg/mL. Antibacterial agent 237 destroys bacterial cell membranes, changes their permeability, and induces bacteria to produce Reactive Oxygen Species, leading to bacterial death without causing drug resistance. Antibacterial agent 237 has low hemolytic toxicity to rabbit red blood cells and Raw 264.7 cells, and has significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus in mouse skin wound infection models and Bacillus major larvae infection models.
    Antibacterial agent 237
  • HY-N15382
    Prebetanin
    Prebetanin (Betanin 6'-O-sulphate) is a pigment with antioxidant activities. Prebetanin can be isolated from beetroot.
    Prebetanin
  • HY-13619S
    Efaproxiral-d6
    		Modulator
    Efaproxiral-d6 is the deuterium labeled Efaproxiral. Efaproxiral (RSR13) is a haemoglobin (Hb) synthetic allosteric modifier, decreases Hb-oxygen (O2) binding affinity and enhances oxygenation of hypoxic tumours during radiation therapy[1][2].
    Efaproxiral-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-B0831R
    Buprofezin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Buprofezin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Buprofezin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Buprofezin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and chitin synthesis inhibitor that targets developmental stage coleopteran pests.Buprofezin promotes the conversion of energy metabolism from the aerobic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis. Buprofezin also promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase.
    Buprofezin (Standard)
  • HY-B1978R
    Iprodione (Standard)
    		Activator
    Iprodione (Standard) is the analytical standard of Iprodione. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Iprodione is an orally active diformimide fungicide. Iprodione can specifically cause oxidative damage by producing free radicals (ROS). Iprodione is also an antiandrogen agent that delays adolescent development in rats and reduces sexual behavior and reproductive ability in rats.
    Iprodione (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity