2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0232R
    Psoralidin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Psoralidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Psoralidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Psoralidin is a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, regulates ionizing radiation (IR)-induced pulmonary inflammation.Anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Psoralidin significantly downregulates NOTCH1 signaling. Psoralidin also greatly induces ROS generation.
    Psoralidin (Standard)
  • HY-N7059R
    Lactobionic acid (Standard)
    Lactobionic acid (Standard) is an analytical standard for lactobionic acid. This product is intended for use in research and analytical applications. Lactobionic acid is a bionic acid that can be naturally found in the Caspian Sea yogurt and chemically constituted of a gluconic acid bonded to a galactose. Lactobionic acid has antioxidant, antimicrobial, chelating, stabilizer, acidulant, and moisturizing properties. Lactobionic acid can be obtained by electrolytic methods, microbial fermentation or biocatalytic approaches. Lactobionic acid can be used in foodstuffs, to produce new functional products and against food-borne pathogens. Lactobionic acid inhibits DNA repair and protein synthesis, induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of metabolic pathways against MRSA.
    Lactobionic acid (Standard)
  • HY-175542
    KB-15
    		Inducer
    KB-15 is a STAT3 inhibitor. KB-15 exhibits potent anti-proliferative activity against AGS gastric cancer cells (IC50 = 0.29 μM) and BGC-823 gastric cancer cells (IC50 = 0.65 μM). KB-15 exerts anti-tumor effects by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, downregulating HO-1 expression, and promoting intracellular ROS accumulation. KB-15 induces G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as suppresses colony formation and migration of gastric cancer cells. KB-15 demonstrates excellent anti-tumor efficacy in BGC-823 subcutaneous xenograft model. KB-15 can be used for the study of gastric cancer.
    KB-15
  • HY-157292
    2E-3-F16
    2E-3-F16 is a anticancer agent. 2E-3-F16 exhibits tumor cell selectivity between NCI-H446 cancer cells and HBE cells. 2E-3-F16 enhances the sensitivity of A549 cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394).
    2E-3-F16
  • HY-151431
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2
    		Inhibitor
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2 (compound 13m), difluoro-substituted derivative, is a potent Nrf2/HO-1 activator. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2 has neuroprotective and antioxidant effects through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway mediated by phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, or Akt in PC12 cells. Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2 can be used in the research of Parkinson's disease (PD).
    Nrf2/HO-1 activator 2
  • HY-170313
    GLUT-1-IN-4
    		Inducer
    GLUT-1-IN-4 (Compound 13) is the p53 protein-dependent inhibitor for GLUT-1 glucose transporter. GLUT-1-IN-4 inhibits the proliferation of multiple cancer cells with IC50 in submicromolar levels. GLUT-1-IN-4 arrests the cell cycle, stimulates oxidative stress, and induces apoptosis.
    GLUT-1-IN-4
  • HY-P5318
    MDYYFEER
    		Inhibitor
    MDYYFEER is an antioxidant active peptide that can be isolated from pancreatin hydrolysate of C-phycocyanin. MDYYFEER has high DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability. MDYYFEER protects zebrafish larvae from H2O2-induced oxidative damage.
    MDYYFEER
  • HY-113298R
    Citraconic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Citraconic acid (Methylmaleic acid) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citraconic acid (HY-113298). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citraconic acid is an orally active inhibitor targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Citraconic acid reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity. Citraconic acid also modifies the conformation of Keap1 protein, relieves its inhibition of Nrf2, promotes antioxidant gene expression, and inhibits NLRP3 activation and the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. Citraconic acid has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, can reduce oxidative stress and cell pyroptosis, improve tissue damage, and can be used for the research of inflammation-related diseases such as acute renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Citraconic acid is an isomer of Itaconic acid (HY-Y052).
    Citraconic acid (Standard)
  • HY-W013507R
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methyl jasmonate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (rac)-Methyl jasmonate is the racemate of Methyl jasmonate (HY-135663). Methyl jasmonate is a phytohormone that regulates the defense response of plants under biotic and biotic stress through jasmonate signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate inhibits the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Methyl jasmonate can promote the mitochondrial ROS production, but also scavenges free radicals and reduces the oxidative stress. Methyl jasmonate exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and sedative activities.
    (rac)-Methyl jasmonate (Standard)
  • HY-N0809R
    Sesamolin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Sesamolin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sesamolin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sesamolin, isolated from Sesamum indicum, has antioxidative activity, Sesaminol inhibits lipid peroxidation and shows neuroprotection effect. Sesamolin potently inhibits MAPK cascades by preventing phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPKs, and caspase-3 but not ERK-MAPK expression.
    Sesamolin (Standard)
  • HY-N0295R
    Protocatechualdehyde (Standard)
    Protocatechualdehyde (Standard) is the analytical standard of Protocatechualdehyde. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Protocatechualdehyde (Catechaldehyde), a natural polyphenol compound isolated from the roots of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, is associated with a wide variety of biological activities and has been widely used in medicine as an antioxidant, anti-aging, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.
    Protocatechualdehyde (Standard)
  • HY-144697
    p38 MAPK-IN-3
    		Inducer
    p38 MAPK-IN-3 (Compound 2c) is a p38α MAPK inhibitor. p38 MAPK-IN-3 has antitumor activities and induces apoptosis and ROS.
    p38 MAPK-IN-3
  • HY-158368
    PRDX1-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    PRDX1-IN-2 (compound 15) is a selective inhibitor of the antioxidant enzyme Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) (IC50=0.35 μM). PRDX1-IN-2 decreases the mitochondria membrane potential of SW620 cells, probably due to ROS induced by PRDX1 inhibition, leading to cell apoptosis. PRDX1-IN-2 can be used for colorectal cancer research.
    PRDX1-IN-2
  • HY-N15536
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    		Inhibitor
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a phenolic amide glycoside compound found in Suaeda japonica. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside exhibits antioxidant activity, capable of effectively scavenging DPPH free radicals and reducing the production of ROS induced by H2O2 in cells, thus protecting cells from oxidative stress damage. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is promising for research of cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.
    N-trans-Feruloyltyramine 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
  • HY-N2267
    (+)-Schisandrin B
    		99.48%
    (+)-Schisandrin B is an enantiomer of Schisandrin B. Schisandrin B is an active dibenzocyclooctadiene derivative isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis, has antioxidant effect on rodent liver and heart.
    (+)-Schisandrin B
  • HY-128525R
    Enterobactin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Enterobactin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Enterobactin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Enterobactin is a siderophore produced by Gram-negative bacteria and has an extremely high affinity for iron. During the process of Salmonella typhimurium infecting macrophages, Enterobactin can not only help bacteria uptake iron but also reduce the antibacterial activity of macrophages. In addition, Enterobactin is also involved in the oxidative stress response of Escherichia coli. Enterobactin can be hydrolyzed by Fes in the cell and exert antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals.
    Enterobactin (Standard)
  • HY-N8193
    Brassicin
    		Inhibitor 99.98%
    Brassicin, a natural Flavonoid, possesses radical scavenging activity.
    Brassicin
  • HY-13571B
    Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate
    		Inhibitor
    Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate, the proagent of Beclometasone, is an orally active and potent glucocorticoid recepter agonist. Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate acts via a glucocorticoid receptor and suppresses inflammation and hyperproliferation. Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate can be used for asthma .
    Beclometasone dipropionate monohydrate
  • HY-N0716BR
    Berberine sulfate (Standard)
    		Activator
    Berberine (sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Berberine (sulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Berberine sulfate is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, as an antibiotic. Berberine sulfate induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibits DNA topoisomerase. Berberine sulfate has antineoplastic properties. The sulfate form improves bioavailability[1][2].
    Berberine sulfate (Standard)
  • HY-W354617
    Roxadimate
    		Inhibitor
    Roxadimate (Ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA) can be used as a sunscreen agent by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. Roxadimate can protect cells from damage caused by radiation or neurotoxic insults. Roxadimate can be studied in research for cancer and neurodegenerative conditions.
    Roxadimate
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity