2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-18707
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12
    		Inducer 99.57%
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 is an irreversible inhibitor of K-Ras(G12C). K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 can alter the nucleotide-binding preference of K-Ras and block its interaction with effector proteins. K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 can reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines with G12C mutations. K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 has anti-tumor activity.
    K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12
  • HY-103019B
    (-)-Enitociclib
    		Inducer 99.85%
    (-)-Enitociclib ((R)-Enitociclib) is an enantiomer of Enitociclib (HY-103019E) with an optical rotation of (-). Enitociclib is a selective CDK9 inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. Enitociclib inhibits CDK9 activity and reduces the phosphorylation of Ser2 in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase Pol II, thereby downregulating the transcription of key oncogenes such as MYC and MCL1. Enitociclib has anti-proliferative activity targeting MYC+ lymphoma and multiple myeloma (MM) cells, and has synergistic effects with Bortezomib (HY-10227) and Lenalidomide (HY-A0003), and can be used in the research of hematological malignancies.
    (-)-Enitociclib
  • HY-143230
    Custirsen
    		98.71%
    Custirsen is a highly specific antisense oligonucleotide that inhibits the production of clusterin , an antiapoptotic protein that is upregulated in response to chemotherapy and that confers treatment resistance.
    Custirsen
  • HY-20180
    Pictilisib dimethanesulfonate
    		Inducer 99.72%
    Pictilisib dimethanesulfonate (GDC-0941 dimethanesulfonate) is a potent inhibitor of PI3Kα/δ with IC50 of 3 nM, with modest selectivity against p110β (11-fold) and p110γ (25-fold).
    Pictilisib dimethanesulfonate
  • HY-109146
    Imifoplatin
    		Activator
    Imifoplatin (PT-112) is a platinum-based active molecule and a member of the phosphaplatins family. Imifoplatin can induce Apoptosis and exhibits antitumor activity.
    Imifoplatin
  • HY-125593
    Dasminapant
    		Inducer 99.36%
    Dasminapant (APG-1387), a bivalent SMAC mimetic and an IAP antagonist, blocks the activity of IAPs family proteins (XIAP, cIAP-1, cIAP-2, and ML-IAP). Dasminapant induces degradation of cIAP-1 and XIAP proteins, as well as caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, which leads to apoptosis. Dasminapant can be used for the research of hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
    Dasminapant
  • HY-10202
    Tandutinib
    		Inducer 99.48%
    Tandutinib (MLN518) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the FLT3 with an IC50 of 0.22 μM, and also inhibits c-Kit and PDGFR with IC50s of 0.17 μM and 0.20 μM, respectively. Tandutinib can be used for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Tandutinib has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
    Tandutinib
  • HY-145785A
    ADH-6 TFA
    		Inducer 99.91%
    ADH-6 TFA is a tripyridylamide compound. ADH-6 abrogates self-assembly of the aggregation-nucleating subdomain of mutant p53 DBD. ADH-6 TFA targets and dissociates mutant p53 aggregates in human cancer cells, which restores p53's transcriptional activity, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. ADH-6 TFA has the potential for the research of cancer diseases.
    ADH-6 TFA
  • HY-108638
    NSC 146109 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.60%
    NSC 146109 hydrochloride is a small-molecule p53 activator that target MDMX and can be used for breast cancer research. NSC 146109 hydrochloride is a pseudourea derivative, promotes breast cancer cells to undergo apoptosis through activating p53 and inducing expression of proapoptotic genes.
    NSC 146109 hydrochloride
  • HY-17598
    Rafoxanide
    		Inducer 98.60%
    Rafoxanide is a poent, orally active halogenated salicylaniline agent with antiparasitic activity. Rafoxanide interferes with energy metabolism in trematodes by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Rafoxanide is also found to be a potent inhibitor of the BRAF V600E mutant protein, which is important in colorectal cancer. Rafoxanide can be used for the control of infestation with Hemonchus species or Fasciola species in sheep and cattle as well as Oestrus ovis in sheep. Rafoxanide can also be used for cancer research.
    Rafoxanide
  • HY-13334
    BGT226 maleate
    		Activator 99.92%
    BGT226 (NVP-BGT226 maleate) is a PI3K (with IC50s of 4 nM, 63 nM and 38 nM for PI3Kα, PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ) /mTOR dual inhibitor which displays potent growth-inhibitory activity against human head and neck cancer cells.
    BGT226 maleate
  • HY-124586
    Streptonigrin
    		Activator 99.20%
    Streptonigrin (Bruneomycin) is an orally active antibiotic and pan-PAD inhibitor, inhibiting PAD1, PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 with IC50 of 48.3 μM, 26.1 μM, 0.43 μM and 2.5 μM, respectively. Streptonigrin inhibits SENP1 (IC50 of 0.518 μM) and reduces HIF1α. Streptonigrin increases p53 and Apoptosis. Streptonigrin shows antiviral activity against Rauscher murine leukemia virus. Streptonigrin has immunosuppressive effects. Streptonigrin has antitumor activity against osteosarcoma.
    Streptonigrin
  • HY-10962
    Momelotinib sulfate
    		Inducer 98.06%
    Momelotinib sulfate (CYT387 sulfate salt) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2 with IC50 of 11 nM/18 nM, 10-fold selectivity versus JAK3 (IC50=155 nM).
    Momelotinib sulfate
  • HY-15485
    Zardaverine
    		Inducer 98.64%
    Zardaverine is an orally active and selective PDE3/4 inhibitor (IC50)=0.58 uM/0.17 uM) with potent bronchodilator activity. Zardaverine also selectively inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells and induces apoptosis and cycle arrest (G0/G1 phase). Zardaverine has good antitumor potential and is effective in both bronchial relaxation and reduction of inflammation in asthma.
    Zardaverine
  • HY-15573
    EI1
    		Inducer 99.78%
    EI1 (KB-145943) is a potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor with IC50 of 15 nM and 13 nM for EZH2 (WT) and EZH2 (Y641F), respectively.
    EI1
  • HY-108713
    Famitinib
    		Activator 98.43%
    Famitinib (SHR1020), an orally active multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, inhibits the activity of c-kit, VEGFR-2 and PDGFRβ with IC50 values of 2.3 nM, 4.7 nM and 6.6 nM, respectively. Famitinib exerts powerful antitumor activity in human gastric cancer cells and xenografts. Famitinib triggers apoptosis.
    Famitinib
  • HY-15880
    CCT007093
    		Inducer 98.34%
    CCT007093 is an effective protein phosphatase 1D (PPM1D Wip1) inhibitor. Wip1 inhibition can activate the mTORC1 pathway and enhance hepatocyte proliferation after hepatectomy.
    CCT007093
  • HY-137977
    DMU-212
    		Inducer 99.74%
    DMU-212 is a methylated derivative of Resveratrol (HY-16561), with antimitotic, anti-proliferative, antioxidant and apoptosis promoting activities. DMU-212 induces mitotic arrest via induction of apoptosis and activation of ERK1/2 protein. DMU-212 has orally active.
    DMU-212
  • HY-15673
    KP372-1
    		Inducer 99.75%
    KP372-1 is an Akt inhibitor that inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis and anoikis. KP372-1 is also an NQO1 redox cycling agent that causes DNA damage (including DNA breakage) by generating ROS. KP372-1 can be used in cancer research (such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and pancreatic cancer).
    KP372-1
  • HY-N7071A
    Maduramicin ammonium
    		Inducer 99.89%
    Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) is isolated from the actinomycete Actinomadura rubra. Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) is an anticoccidial agent for the the treatment of Eimeria spp., E. adenoeides, E. gallopavonis, and E. dispersa infection. Maduramicin ammonium (Maduramycin ammonium) induces cell apoptosis in chicken myocardial cells via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
    Maduramicin ammonium
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity