2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Related Products

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N4247R
    Kuwanon G (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Kuwanon G (Standard) is the analytical standard of Kuwanon G (HY-N4247). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Kuwanon G is a flavonoid compound and an antagonist of the bombesin receptor. Kuwanon G has multiple activities such as bactericidal, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and neuroprotective effects. Kuwanon G exhibits strong antibacterial activity against oral pathogens, especially cariogenic bacteria and periodontal pathogens. Kuwanon G can induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. Kuwanon G can be used in the research of diseases such as gastric cancer and atherosclerosis.
    Kuwanon G (Standard)
  • HY-W747703
    Hippuric acid-13C6
    		Activator
    Hippuric acid-13C6 (Benzoylglycine-13C6) is 13C labeled Hippuric acid. Hippuric Acid is an orally active metabolite. Hippuric Acid can be produced by intestinal microorganisms from the metabolism of polyphenols, benzoic acid. Hippuric Acid decreases NRF2, MMP9 and leads to ROS accumulation. Hippuric Acid activates TGFβ/SMAD signaling. Hippuric Acid improves hyperuricemia and colitis. Hippuric Acid can also be used in cardiovascular disease research. .
    Hippuric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-109583S
    4-Oxofenretinide-d4
    4-Oxofenretinide-d4 (4-Oxo-4-HPR-d4) is deuterium labeled 4-Oxofenretinide. 4-Oxofenretinide (4-Oxo-4-HPR) is a metabolite of Fenretinide (HY-15373). 4-Oxofenretinide induces cell growth inhibition in ovarian, breast, and neuroblastoma tumor cell lines. 4-Oxofenretinide causes a marked accumulation of cells in G2-M. 4-Oxofenretinide induces cancer cell apoptosis through caspase-9.
    4-Oxofenretinide-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-W416228
    1-O-Caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose
    		Inhibitor
    1-O-Caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose, a phenylpropanoid compound derived from Illicium majus, exhibits significant antioxidant activity and can scavenge DPPH radicals in vitro, with an IC50 value of 37.7 μM.
    1-O-Caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranose
  • HY-B0774R
    Seratrodast (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Seratrodast (Standard) is the analytical standard of Seratrodast. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Seratrodast (AA 2414), an orally active antiasthmatic agent, is a thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) antagonist and ferroptosis inhibitor. Seratrodast reduces lipid ROS production, modulates the systemic xc-/GSH/GPX4 axis, and inhibits JNK phosphorylation and p53 expression. Seratrodast exhibits anti-asthmatic and anti-epileptic activity.
    Seratrodast (Standard)
  • HY-B2046R
    Simazine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Simazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Simazine (HY-B2046). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Simazine is a triazine herbicide. Simazine is widely used in agriculture, potted plant and tree production. In addition, Simazine can induce the apoptosis of immune cells in the spleen of mice and inhibit the proliferation of B cells and T cells in mice.
    Simazine (Standard)
  • HY-168960
    ROS inducer 8
    		Inducer
    ROS inducer 8 (Compound 11g) is the inhibitor for glutathione (GSH), that induces the ROS accumulation in Enterococcus faecalis, thereby exhibiting antibacterial activity. ROS inducer 8 disrupts the biofilm, inhibits S. aureus and E. faecalis with MIC of 8 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, exhibits post-antibiotic effect. ROS inducer 8 exhibits low hemolytic toxicity to sheep erythrocytes (HC50 > 1280 μg/mL).
    ROS inducer 8
  • HY-133966
    6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane
    		Activator
    6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane (5α-Cholestane-3β,6α-diol) is an oxysterol that promotes the production of superoxide anions in SK-N-BE cells at concentrations of 50 μM and 100 μM.
    6α-Hydroxy-5α-cholestane
  • HY-124068
    LQB-118
    		Inducer
    LQB-118 is an orally active compound derived from sandalwood. LQB-118 can inhibit the migration of glioblastoma cells and induce cell death. LQB-118 can suppress the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells by regulating the AKT/GSK3β pathway and the expression of the MMP-9/reck genes. LQB-118 can also inhibit yeast polysaccharide-induced inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, LQB-118 selectively induces ROS-triggered and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in Leishmania amazonensis. LQB-118 can be used in studies related to inflammation, infections, and cancer diseases.
    LQB-118
  • HY-N7063S
    Nerol-d2
    		Activator
    Nerol-d2 is deuterated labeled Octanal (HY-N8015). Octanal is an aromatic aldehyde, with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Octanal shows cytotoxicity against Hela cells.
    Nerol-d<sub>2</sub>
  • HY-119695AR
    Simvastatin acid (ammonium) (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid (ammonium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Simvastatin acid (ammonium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Simvastatin acid (Tenivastatin) ammonium is a potent HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin acid ammonium reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin acid ammonium can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin acid (ammonium) (Standard)
  • HY-121174
    Alaternin
    		Inhibitor
    Alaternin (Catharticin) is an anthraquinone compound with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Alaternin has an inhibitory activity against hydroxyl radicals generated in a cell-free chemical system (FeSO4/H2O2) with an IC50 value of 3.05 μM. Alaternin exhibits hepatoprotective activity against Tacrine (HY-111338)-induced toxicity in human hepatic HepG2 cells with an EC50 value of 4.02 μM.
    Alaternin
  • HY-N12545
    Magnoloside F
    		Inhibitor
    Magnoloside F is a natural compound that can be isolated from the Magnolia officinalis, and has antioxidant activity.
    Magnoloside F
  • HY-B0356S2
    Ciprofloxacin-d4
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin-d4 (Bay-09867-d4) is deuterium labeled Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-B1115S1
    Buspirone-d8 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer
    Buspirone-d8 dihydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Buspirone hydrochloride (HY-B1115). Buspirone hydrochloride is a 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Buspirone hydrochloride can be used for anxiety and depression research.
    Buspirone-d<sub>8</sub> dihydrochloride
  • HY-W587743
    N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride
    		Inhibitor
    N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) hydrochloride is an active metabolite of the neurohormone melatonin (HY-B0075). N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride (200 µM) effectively scavenges singlet oxygen (ROS).1 It also inhibits the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) induced by epinephrine and arachidonic acid in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and suppresses the increase in COX-2 levels induced by LPS (HY-D1056) in RAW 264.7 macrophages at a concentration of 500 µM. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP (HY-15608), N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) reduces the increase in lipid peroxidation in the cytosol and mitochondria of the substantia nigra and striatum. N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride can be used in research on metabolic and neurological diseases
    N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine hydrochloride
  • HY-B0356BR
    Ciprofloxacin (hydrochloride monohydrate) (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (hydrochloride monohydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin (hydrochloride monohydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) hydrochloride monohydrate is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity.
    Ciprofloxacin (hydrochloride monohydrate) (Standard)
  • HY-126905
    ZMC3
    		Inducer
    ZMC3 (NSC328784) is a zinc chelator. ZMC3 shows Zinc metallochaperone properties. ZMC3 shows enhanced sensitivity in p53-R175H mutant cells. ZMC3 increases the cell ROS level.
    ZMC3
  • HY-B0553R
    Methazolamide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Methazolamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Methazolamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methazolamide (L584601) is a BBB-penetrable and orally active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, with a Ki of 14 nM for human carbonic anhydrase II. Methazolamide can reduce intraocular pressure and has a neuroprotective effect, being able to inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Methazolamide can be used in the research of ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma and cerebrovascular diseases such as subarachnoid hemorrhage.
    Methazolamide (Standard)
  • HY-B1315R
    Carbaryl (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Carbaryl (Standard) is the analytical standard of Carbaryl (HY-B1315). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Carbaryl is the inhibitor for acetylcholinesterase that inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine and causes neurotoxicity. Carbaryl can be used as an insecticide.
    Carbaryl (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity