2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-W018197R
    2-Phenylacetamide (Standard)
    		Inducer
    2-Phenylacetamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Phenylacetamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Phenylacetamide is a estrogen-like compound that can be isolated from Lepidium apetalum seeds. 2-Phenylacetamide inhibits p38 MAPK signaling pathway, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, and anti-fibrosis effects. 2-Phenylacetamide is orally active.
    2-Phenylacetamide (Standard)
  • HY-169957
    ROS-ERS inducer 2
    		Inducer
    ROS-ERS inducer 2 (Complex 3f) triggers intracellular ROS generation and affect the function of mitochondria. promote the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). ROS-ERS inducer 2 plays an important role in anti-liver cancer research.
    ROS-ERS inducer 2
  • HY-N10106
    Dihydromyristicin
    		Inhibitor
    Dihydromyristicin, a plant flavonoid, has potent anti-inflammatory properties. Dihydromyristicin reduces endotoxic inflammation via repressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways.
    Dihydromyristicin
  • HY-N8253R
    Spiraeoside (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Spiraeoside (Standard) is the analytical standard of Spiraeoside. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Spiraeoside, an orally active natural compound, exerts antioxidant activity, inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde production. Spiraeoside possesses antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
    Spiraeoside (Standard)
  • HY-151940
    Mal-Pc
    		Activator
    Mal-Pc is a versatile molecular photosensitizer designed based phthalocyanine and maleimides. Mal-Pc can react with GSH to deplete GSH and reduce aggregation, thereby improving ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species)-mediated effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer cells.
    Mal-Pc
  • HY-N15742
    Talaroconvolutin A
    		Agonist
    Talaroconvolutin A is a ferroptosis inducer. Talaroconvolutin A induces ferroptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels rather than the GPX4 pathway. Talaroconvolutin A downregulates the expression of the channel protein solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and upregulates arachidonic acid lipoxygenase 3 (ALOXE3). Talaroconvolutin A inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells HCT116 and bladder cancer cells SW480 with IC50 values of 1.22 μM and 1.4 μM, respectively. Talaroconvolutin A can be used in the study of colorectal cancer and bladder cancer[1][2][3].
    Talaroconvolutin A
  • HY-178352
    MAO-B-IN-49
    		Inducer
    MAO-B-IN-49 is a selective and reversible MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 of 1 nM for human MAO-B). MAO-B-IN-49 shows much higher selectivity for MAO-B than for MAO-A (IC50 = 633.9). MAO-B-IN-49 can reduce ROS production induced by Lipopolysaccharides (HY-D1056) (LPS) in HT22 cells. MAO-B-IN-49 demonstrates substantial neuroprotective properties and significantly improves motor dysfunction in MPTP (HY-W114750)-induced mouse models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). MAO-B-IN-49 can be used for the study of PD.
    MAO-B-IN-49
  • HY-146058
    NF-κB/PON1-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    NF-κB/PON1-IN-1 (Compound 16) is a NF-κB/PON1 pathway inhibitor. NF-κB/PON1-IN-1 has antioxidant (IC50 = 45.76 µM) and hepatoprotective activities.
    NF-κB/PON1-IN-1
  • HY-175834
    DNA/TOP2A-IN-1
    		Activator
    DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 is an inhibitor of DNA and TOP2A. DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 selectively binds to TOP2A, not TOP2B, and interacts with DNA and TOP2A to form a stable DM1-TOP2A-DNA ternary complex. DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 induces DNA damage, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggers apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 disrupts microtubule distribution and induces cell cycle arrest. DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 shows strong antiproliferative activity and inhibits cell migration. DNA/TOP2A-IN-1 inhibits tumor growth and can be used for TNBC research.
    DNA/TOP2A-IN-1
  • HY-114716
    Jacareubin
    		Inhibitor
    Jacareubin is a xanthone compound that can be isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense. Jacareubin has antibacterial, antioxidant, gastroprotective properties, and also has certain cancer cell toxicity, which can be used in cancer research.
    Jacareubin
  • HY-125807
    IS20
    		Inhibitor
    IS20 is a Prokineticin receptor 1 (PKR1) agonist. IS20 diminishes Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) mediated apoptosis and ROS production by activating Akt or MAPK pathways. IS20 protects the heart against Doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular toxicity and improves the survival rate and cardiac function in mouse models. IS20 does not alter the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of acute DOX treatment in breast cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse models. IS20 can be used for cancers research.
    IS20
  • HY-136778
    INH2BP
    		Inhibitor
    INH2BP is a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. INH2BP reduces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulates the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 and enhances cell survival through the activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. INH2BP is promising for research of cardiovascular diseases.
    INH2BP
  • HY-N7781R
    (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    (-)-(E) -guggulsterone (Standard) is the analytical standard for (-)-(E) -guggulsterone ((E)-Guggulsterone) (HY-N7781). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an orally active natural stereoisomer of Guggulsterone (HY-107738). (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone is an antagonist for the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) with an IC50 of 24.06 μM and possesses potent hypolipidemic properties. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone suppresses dengue virus (DENV) replication by upregulating antiviral interferon responses by inducing HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone exhibits antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone has cardiac protective and antioxidant activities in rats.
    (-)-(E)-Guggulsterone (Standard)
  • HY-159898
    AChE/BChE-IN-23
    		Inhibitor
    AChE/BChE-IN-23 (Compound 6e) is an AChE/BChE inhibitor (IC50: 0.91 μM, 1.19 μM and 1.01 μM for hAChE, eq BChE and hBChE, respectively). AChE/BChE-IN-23 has antioxidant activity and inhibits Aβ1-42 and Tau protein aggregation. AChE/BChE-IN-23 also inhibits microglial activation by reducing ROS release and mitochondrial injury. AChE/BChE-IN-23 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human microglial cells. AChE/BChE-IN-23 also reverses the Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced memory impairment in mice model.
    AChE/BChE-IN-23
  • HY-178909
    Y502-2304
    		Activator
    Y502-2304 is a c-Myc G-quadruplex stabilizer. Y502-2304 exhibits potent antiproliferative activity in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Y502–2304 downregulates c-Myc mRNA and protein expression. Y502-2304 induces apoptosis in MM cells, characterizes by elevated γH2AX levels, increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Y502-2304 significantly inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft MM model. Y502-2304 can be used for the study of multiple myeloma.
    Y502-2304
  • HY-N12669
    Curcumin monoglucoside
    		Inhibitor
    Curcumin monoglucoside is a flavonoid derivative possessing antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, neuroprotective effects, and antibacterial activity. Curcumin monoglucoside can be used in research on Parkinson's disease.
    Curcumin monoglucoside
  • HY-B0356AR
    Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Ciprofloxacin (monohydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciprofloxacin (monohydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867) monohydrochloride is a potent, orally active topoisomerase IV inhibitor. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride induces mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA damage and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS production. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride has anti-proliferative activity and induces apoptosis. Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, exhibiting potent antibacterial activity[4].
    Ciprofloxacin monohydrochloride (Standard)
  • HY-N7719R
    Oosporein (Standard)
    		MDM2 Inhibitor
    Oosporein (Standard) is the analytical standard of Oosporein (HY-N7719). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Oosporein is a microbial metabolite and a red crystalline toxin produced by various fungi. Oosporein can promote the reproduction of fungi in host bodies by inhibiting insect immunity, and possesses multiple activities such as antibacterial, antiviral (HSV), and insecticidal effects. Oosporein can inhibit plant growth. In addition, Oosporein can also induce apoptosis, cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial damage. Oosporein has certain antitumor activity.
    Oosporein (Standard)
  • HY-N0052C
    Sanguinarine (gluconate)
    		Agonist
    Sanguinarine (Sanguinarin) gluconate, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, can stimulate apoptosis via activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of JNK and NF-κB.
    Sanguinarine (gluconate)
  • HY-173473
    Anticancer agent 272
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 272 (Compound 2) is an anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 272 has significant anti-bladder cancer cell (T-24) activity (IC50: 2.81 μM). Anticancer agent 272 consumes glutathione (GSH) through Fenton-like reaction, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and induces apoptosis and ferroptosis. Anticancer agent 272 can enhance chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and promote tumor cell death through mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy. Anticancer agent 272 has potential in the study of bladder cancer.
    Anticancer agent 272
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity