2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
    Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
    NF-κB
  4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N4095R
    Brevifolincarboxylic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Brevifolincarboxylic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Brevifolincarboxylic acid (HY-N4095). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Brevifolincarboxylic acid is a phenolic compound. Brevifolincarboxylic acid can be isolated from Duchesnea chrysantha. Brevifolincarboxylic acid inhibits α-glucosidase with an IC50 value of 323.46 μM. Brevifolincarboxylic acid has an inhibitory effect on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Brevifolincarbacid scavenges ROS. Brevifolincarbacid restores the glucose uptake activity of myotubes. Brevifolincarboxylic acid has antitumor activity against lung and gastric cancer. Brevifolincarbacid can be used in the study of diabetes and inflammatory diseases.
    Brevifolincarboxylic acid (Standard)
  • HY-10498R
    Lexibulin (Standard)
    		Activator
    Lexibulin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lexibulin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lexibulin (CYT-997) is a potent and orally active tubulin polymerisation inhibitor with IC50s of 10-100 nM in cancer cell lines; with potent cytotoxic and vascular disrupting activity in vitro and in vivo. Lexibulin induces cell apoptosis and induces mitochondrial ROS generation in GC cells.
    Lexibulin (Standard)
  • HY-N0154R
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (Standard) is the analytical standard of Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is a synthetic glycoside chalcone, is added to various foods and beverages as a low caloric artificial sweetener.
    Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (Standard)
  • HY-N13707
    3′-Hydroxytectorigenin-7-O-β-D-xylosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside
    		Inhibitor
    3′-Hydroxytectorigenin-7-O-β-D-xylosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside is an antioxidant that can be found in Pueraria montana var. lobata. It exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 42 μg/mL.
    3′-Hydroxytectorigenin-7-O-β-D-xylosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside
  • HY-W779800
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-13C5 disodium
    		Activator
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-13C5 disodium is the 13C-labeled D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (HY-113038). Radioactive isotopes labeled compounds can be used in metabolic analysis, allowing the movement of individual atoms to be precisely tracked and quantified.
    D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid-<sup>13</sup>C<sub>5</sub> disodium
  • HY-119687R
    Bifenazate (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Bifenazate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bifenazate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bifenazate is a carbazate acaricide that control 100% of mites at a concentration of 25 ppm. Bifenazate is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA receptor. Bifenazate is the inhibitor for the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III.
    Bifenazate (Standard)
  • HY-N0683S6
    α-Vitamin E-d11
    		Inhibitor
    α-Vitamin E-d11 ((+)-α-Tocopherol-d11) is the deuterium labeled α-Vitamin E (HY-N0683). α-Vitamin E ((+)-α-Tocopherol), a naturally occurring vitamin E form, is a potent antioxidant.
    α-Vitamin E-d<sub>11</sub>
  • HY-124410S
    Mitoquinol-d15
    		Inhibitor
    Mitoquinol-d15 is deuterium labeled Mitoquinol. Mitoquinol is a mitochondrial-targeted coenzyme Q analog. Mitoquinol is an antioxidant that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Mitoquinol can be used in vascular disease research.
    Mitoquinol-d<sub>15</sub>
  • HY-119666
    Rooperol
    		Activator
    Rooperol is a norlignan analog with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Rooperol induces apoptosis in CSCs through a mitochondrial-induced increase in ROS and a p53-dependent pathway, while also downregulating the expression of key stem cell regulatory factors, such as Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2, ultimately exerting its anticancer effects.
    Rooperol
  • HY-N13167
    3-Keto-tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acid
    		Inhibitor
    3-Keto-tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acid is a tetracyclic triterpene compound that can be isolated from frankincense. 3-Keto-tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acid has activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-ulcer, memory improvement, and antioxidant properties.
    3-Keto-tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acid
  • HY-B0914R
    10-Undecenoic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    10-Undecenoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 10-Undecenoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 10-Undecenoic acid (Undecylenic acid) is an antifungal agent. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits Aβ oligomerization, scavenges ROS and inhibits μ-calpain activity. 10-Undecenoic acid has neuroprotective effects. 10-Undecenoic acid has anticancer effects on a variety of tumors. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits C. albicans biofilm formation and MRSA infection. 10-Undecenoic acid inhibits quorum sensing signals of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    10-Undecenoic acid (Standard)
  • HY-136386R
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (Standard) is the analytical standard of N-Acetyl-D-cysteine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group, but cannot enter the glutathione metabolic pathway.
    N-Acetyl-D-cysteine (Standard)
  • HY-173356
    Antiparasitic agent-26
    Antiparasitic agent-26 (Compound 8) is an antiparasitic compound that potently inhibits the growth of Naegleria fowleri, with IC50 values of 22.87 μM (trophozoite stage) and 25.16 μM (cyst stage). Antiparasitic agent-26 exerts its antiparasitic activity by inducing programmed cell death, including cytoplasmic calcium accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, ATP synthesis inhibition, ROS accumulation, and chromatin condensation. Antiparasitic agent-26 can be used in the research of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
    Antiparasitic agent-26
  • HY-170688
    Antibacterial agent 119
    		Activator
    Antibacterial agent 119 (Compound 21 g) is an antibacterial candidate against Methicillin (HY-121544)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MICs less than 1 μg/mL against tested strains). Antibacterial agent 119 induces ROS production. Antibacterial agent 119 also acts on the bacterial cell membrane to cause membrane breakage. Antibacterial agent 119 exhibits potent antibacterial activity with low cytotoxicity, rapid bactericidal ability, and good in vivo antibacterial activity.
    Antibacterial agent 119
  • HY-119695S
    Simvastatin acid-d6
    		Inhibitor
    Simvastatin acid-d6 (Tenivastatin-d6) is deuterium labeled Simvastatin acid. Simvastatin acid (Tenivastatin), a hydrolysate of Simvastatin (HY-17502), is a HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor. Simvastatin acid reduces Indoxyl sulfate-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cardiomyocytes. Simvastatin acid can also modulates OATP3A1 expression in cardiomyocytes and HEK293 cells transfected with the OATP3A1 gene.
    Simvastatin acid-d<sub>6</sub>
  • HY-103701AR
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (Standard)
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (magnesium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (magnesium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid magnesium) is a?long-acting?vitamin?C?derivative?that can stimulate collagen formation and expression. L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid magnesium) can be used as a culture medium supplement for the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs). L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid magnesium) increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of runx2A in hASCs during the osteogenic differentiation.
    L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium (Standard)
  • HY-75342S
    Methyl vanillate-d3
    Methyl vanillate-d3 is deuterated labeled β-Phellandrene (HY-N8573). β-Phellandrene is obtained from Carum petroselinum. β-Phellandrene can be used to essential oil additives.
    Methyl vanillate-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-N8559
    Aloesone
    		Inhibitor
    Aloesone is a phenolic compound. Aloesone can inhibit the production of ROS, the release of NO, M1 polarization, and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS (HY-D1056). Aloesone has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
    Aloesone
  • HY-N8713
    4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone
    4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone can be used for the synthesis of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives, which can protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity via improved mitochondrial functionality.
    4-Methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone
  • HY-N0359A
    (E)-Cynarin
    		Control
    (E)-Cynarin ((E)-Cynarine) is the E-isomer of Cynarin (HY-N0359). Cynarin is an anti-asphyxiant with multiple biological activities, possessing antioxidant, antihistamine, and antiviral activities, etc.
    (E)-Cynarin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity